What is welfare state?
How it can change people’s lives? How government can prepare good facilities for people?
What are the field of welfare services?
This Presentation is about the introduction of International Relation, the subject matter of IR, It's historical and institutional evolution and nature of IR.
This Presentation is about the introduction of International Relation, the subject matter of IR, It's historical and institutional evolution and nature of IR.
International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
However, International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline studying these relations emerged as a specialized field after WW1.
Like every other academic discipline, International Relations (IR) has developed its own distinctive subject matter since its emergence
This presentation explains the scope and the subject matter of IR with the help of its five pillars- Aim, Actors, Agenda, Arena, and Actions
Very helpful for UG/PG students about J J Rousseau
Life History; An overview of Work; Views on Human Nature; Views on State of Nature; Views on Social Contract; Views on General Will; Characteristics of General Will; Popular Sovereignty
. Introduction
The Definition and Scope of International Relations.
The Nation-State System
Evolution of International Society
II. Theories and Approaches
The Classical Approaches-Realism and idealism
The Scientific Revolution-Behavioral Approach, System Approach,
Neo-realism, Neo-liberalism.
Post-modernism, Critical Theory, Feminism, Constructivism
III. International Political Security.
Conceptualization of security in the twenty-first century
Power. Elements of National Power
Balance of Power
Foreign Policy: Determinants, Decision making and analysis
Sovereignty
National Interest
IV. Strategic Approach to International Relation.
War: Causation of War, Total War, Limited War, Asymmetric Warfare, civil war,
Guerilla war
Strategic Culture: Determinants of Pakistani Strategic Culture.
Deterrence: Theory and practice with special reference to Nuclear India and
Pakistan
V. International Political Economy.
Theories in IPE: Mercantilism, Economic Liberalism, and neo- Marxism
Theories of Imperialism, Dependence and Interdependence
VI. International political community.
Nationalism
Internationalism
Globalization
94
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
VII. Approaches to Peace
Diplomacy
International Law
Arms Control /Disarmament and Nuclear Non proliferation Regime
VIII. International Political Institution
United Nations
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
International Court of Justice
Peace of Westphalia (1648) not only created the modern nation-state system in Europe but also stipulated the basic rules of statecraft.
Despite all the criticisms, the concept of state and nation took firm roots in most parts of the world, thanks to colonialism.
However, it is now facing existential challenges from different sources
This presentation is all about the modern nation-state system, its origin, essential elements, challenges it is facing, & its future prospects
I. International Relation between two Wars
Russian Revolution, Fascism, League of Nations, Second World War
II. Cold War
Decolonization in Asia and Africa.
Rise of United States and Soviet Union,
Era of Tight Bipolarity, Détente and Loose Bipolarity, Revival of Cold War
III. Post Cold War
End of History, Clash of Civilization, Terrorism, Globalization, unipolarity New
world Order
IV. International and Regional Organizations
League of Nation, United Nations, Regional Organizations, EU, ASEAN, NAFTA,
SAARC, SCO, OIC, ECO, WTO.
Reforms in the United Nations, World Bank and the IMF
V. Foreign Policy of Selected Countries
USA, Russia, China, UK, India, Pakistan and EU
VI. South Asia
Peace-making and Peace-Building in South Asia: Analytical overview of peace
processes between/among the states of South Asia especially between India and
Pakistan.
India and Pakistan: Overview of agreements and accords, Indus Water Treaty;
Composite Dialogue; Sir Creek & Siachen border, Visa and People to people
contact; Trade; and Role of civil society
Afghanistan: Cold war theatre; Soviet Invasion Mujahedeen; Geneva Accord; Post
Cold War situation---Rise of Taliban, AL-Qeada & 9/11; Operation Enduring
Freedom; The Bonn Process- Withdrawal
95
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
VII. Weapons of Mass Destruction
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Nuclear Weapon States- Programs and Postures: Indian-Pakistan Nuclear
Doctrines
Nuclear Non –Proliferation Regime: International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear
Non- proliferation Treaty; Nuclear Supplier Group; Partial Test Ban Treaty;
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
Challenges of Non-Proliferation, Nuclear Civil Deal Regime
The Missile Defence Systems and their impact on global strategic environment
Militarization and Weaponization of Space.
VIII. Contemporary Issues
Indian Ocean and PACIFIC Ocean; Great Powers Moves and hegemony
Kashmir Issue
Palestine Issue
International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
However, International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline studying these relations emerged as a specialized field after WW1.
Like every other academic discipline, International Relations (IR) has developed its own distinctive subject matter since its emergence
This presentation explains the scope and the subject matter of IR with the help of its five pillars- Aim, Actors, Agenda, Arena, and Actions
Very helpful for UG/PG students about J J Rousseau
Life History; An overview of Work; Views on Human Nature; Views on State of Nature; Views on Social Contract; Views on General Will; Characteristics of General Will; Popular Sovereignty
. Introduction
The Definition and Scope of International Relations.
The Nation-State System
Evolution of International Society
II. Theories and Approaches
The Classical Approaches-Realism and idealism
The Scientific Revolution-Behavioral Approach, System Approach,
Neo-realism, Neo-liberalism.
Post-modernism, Critical Theory, Feminism, Constructivism
III. International Political Security.
Conceptualization of security in the twenty-first century
Power. Elements of National Power
Balance of Power
Foreign Policy: Determinants, Decision making and analysis
Sovereignty
National Interest
IV. Strategic Approach to International Relation.
War: Causation of War, Total War, Limited War, Asymmetric Warfare, civil war,
Guerilla war
Strategic Culture: Determinants of Pakistani Strategic Culture.
Deterrence: Theory and practice with special reference to Nuclear India and
Pakistan
V. International Political Economy.
Theories in IPE: Mercantilism, Economic Liberalism, and neo- Marxism
Theories of Imperialism, Dependence and Interdependence
VI. International political community.
Nationalism
Internationalism
Globalization
94
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
VII. Approaches to Peace
Diplomacy
International Law
Arms Control /Disarmament and Nuclear Non proliferation Regime
VIII. International Political Institution
United Nations
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
International Court of Justice
Peace of Westphalia (1648) not only created the modern nation-state system in Europe but also stipulated the basic rules of statecraft.
Despite all the criticisms, the concept of state and nation took firm roots in most parts of the world, thanks to colonialism.
However, it is now facing existential challenges from different sources
This presentation is all about the modern nation-state system, its origin, essential elements, challenges it is facing, & its future prospects
I. International Relation between two Wars
Russian Revolution, Fascism, League of Nations, Second World War
II. Cold War
Decolonization in Asia and Africa.
Rise of United States and Soviet Union,
Era of Tight Bipolarity, Détente and Loose Bipolarity, Revival of Cold War
III. Post Cold War
End of History, Clash of Civilization, Terrorism, Globalization, unipolarity New
world Order
IV. International and Regional Organizations
League of Nation, United Nations, Regional Organizations, EU, ASEAN, NAFTA,
SAARC, SCO, OIC, ECO, WTO.
Reforms in the United Nations, World Bank and the IMF
V. Foreign Policy of Selected Countries
USA, Russia, China, UK, India, Pakistan and EU
VI. South Asia
Peace-making and Peace-Building in South Asia: Analytical overview of peace
processes between/among the states of South Asia especially between India and
Pakistan.
India and Pakistan: Overview of agreements and accords, Indus Water Treaty;
Composite Dialogue; Sir Creek & Siachen border, Visa and People to people
contact; Trade; and Role of civil society
Afghanistan: Cold war theatre; Soviet Invasion Mujahedeen; Geneva Accord; Post
Cold War situation---Rise of Taliban, AL-Qeada & 9/11; Operation Enduring
Freedom; The Bonn Process- Withdrawal
95
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
VII. Weapons of Mass Destruction
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Nuclear Weapon States- Programs and Postures: Indian-Pakistan Nuclear
Doctrines
Nuclear Non –Proliferation Regime: International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear
Non- proliferation Treaty; Nuclear Supplier Group; Partial Test Ban Treaty;
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
Challenges of Non-Proliferation, Nuclear Civil Deal Regime
The Missile Defence Systems and their impact on global strategic environment
Militarization and Weaponization of Space.
VIII. Contemporary Issues
Indian Ocean and PACIFIC Ocean; Great Powers Moves and hegemony
Kashmir Issue
Palestine Issue
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
1. Policy of Welfare State in the United Kingdom
Fundamental of Political Science
Faculty of World Studies
Supervisor: Professor Saeed Abadi
Presenter: Setareh Keyhani
November 14, 2019
3. Introduction
In this lecture we will talk about Welfare State.
The main object of this lecture is “How Welfare
State Can Change Our Life”. Also, we will take a
look at the history of welfare state and the
process of its growing.
4. Next Coming Slides
What is welfare state?
Types of welfare state
History of welfare state in the United
Kingdom
Features of the welfare state in the UK
UK government welfare expenditure
Liberal reforms
Impact of welfare state
Welfare state in Iran
Pluralisation
6. The welfare state is a form of government in
which the state protects and promotes the
economic and social well-being of the citizens,
based upon the principles of equal opportunity,
equitable distribution of wealth, and public
responsibility for citizens unable to avail
themselves of the minimal provisions for a good
life./5/
Welfare state refers to a type of governing in
which the national government plays a key role
in the protection and promotion of the
economic and social well-being of its citizens./9/
7. A welfare state is based on the principles of
equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of
wealth, and public responsibility for those
unable to avail themselves of the minimal
provisions of a good life.
S o c i a l S e c u r i t y, f e d e r a l l y m a n d a t e d
unemployment insurance programmes, and
welfare payments to people unable to work are
all examples of the welfare state.
8. As a type of mixed economy, the welfare state
funds the governmental institutions for
healthcare and education along with direct
benefits paid to individual citizens./6/
Studies have shown that in welfare states poverty
decreases after countries adopt welfare
programmes.
The Liberal Party, the Conservative Party, and
then the Labour Party all adopted the Beveridge
Report's recommendations./7/
9. Types of Welfare Services
Education
Food subsidies
Health care
Police
Fire servicing
Job training
Housing services
Adoption
Community management
Policy research
10.
11. History of Welfare State in UK
Before World War II, Britain's welfare programme —such as payments
to support the sick—was overwhelmingly provided by private, volunteer
institutions. But a change in outlook during the war allowed Britain to
construct a "Welfare State" after the war: the government provided a
comprehensive welfare system to support everyone in their time of
need. It remains largely in place today. /13/
The origins of the modern Welfare State in Britain are often dated to
1906, when British politician H. H. Asquith (1852–1928) and the Liberal
party gained a landslide victory and entered government.
Social groups and the various governments had spent centuries trying
different ways to deal with the sick, the poor, the unemployed, and other
people struggling with poverty.
12. 6th August 1946: A mother and her family drawing her family allowance at Vicarage
Lane Post Office, Stratford, East London, on the first day the allowance was
paid.Topical Press Agency/Getty Images
13. Feature of the Welfare State UK
A fundamental feature of the welfare state is social
insurance, a provision common to most advanced
industrialized countries (e.g., National Insurance in
the United Kingdom and Social Security in the
United States). Such insurance is usually financed by
compulsory contributions and is intended to provide
benefits to persons and families during periods of
greatest need. It is widely recognised, however, that in
practice the cash benefits fall considerably short of
the levels intended by the designers of the plans. /2/
14. The welfare state also usually includes public
provision of basic education, health services, and
housing (in some cases at low cost or without
charge).
England representing the liberal model. Health
promotion has a prominent place and there is a
political focus on the broader determinants of
health. the English policies have a much clearer
focus on disadvantaged groups and geographic
areas. In England there is a strong focus on the
free will of the population in changing unhealthy
lifestyles./8/
15. Welfare spending on poor people dropped by
25% during the decade of austerity, cuts to
benefits that disabled people receive were
significant, Personal Independence Payments and
Employment and Support Allowance have both
dropped by 10%. Over half of families living
below the breadline have at least one relative with
a disability./4/
16. UK Government Welfare
Expenditure /10/
1. State pension
2. Tax credits (Working tax credits and Child tax credits)
3. Housing Benefit
4. Disability Living Allowance
5. Incapacity benefits
6. Child benefit
7. Pension Credit
17. 8. Jobseeker's allowance
9. Income Support
10. Maternity and paternity pay
11. Carer's allowance
12.War pensions
13. Universal credit
14. Attendance Allowance
18.
19. Liberal Reforms
The Liberal Party launched the welfare state in
Britain with a series of major Liberal welfare
reforms in 1906–1914. The reforms were greatly
extended over the next forty years. /3/
They represent the emergence of the modern
welfare state in the United Kingdom.
20. In recent years reform of the welfare system in
Britain began with the introduction of the New
Deal programme. Introduced by the Labour
government in 1997. The aim of this programme
was to increase employment through requiring
that recipients make serious efforts to seek
employment. The Labour Party also introduced a
system of tax credits for low-income workers./11/
21. Impact
This policy resulted in increased expenditure and a
widening of what was considered to be the state's
responsibility. In addition to the central services of
education, health, unemployment and sickness
allowances, the welfare state also included the idea of
increasing redistributive taxation, increasing
regulation of industry, food, and housing (better safety
regulations, weights and measures controls, etc.)
22. Problem of a Welfare State
Welfare systems must provide an adequate level of
provision for peoples’ needs. However, the primary
challenge is to ensure that there is still an incentive to
work at the same time.
Another problem that we need to address is making
sure that state welfare monopolies and bureaucracy
work efficiently.
Finally, the government should provide financial
services, such as benefits UK, in an equitable fashion.
Welfare expenditure must go firstly to those who need
it most./12/
23. Welfare Fraud
Welfare fraud is the act of illegally using state welfare
systems by knowingly withholding or giving information to
obtain more funds than would otherwise be allocated.
Interviews with welfare recipients where the interviewer has
succeeded to gain a high level of trust, on the other hand,
have shown that many, if not most, fail to report incomes./15/
It occurs when someone receives benefits, such as cash,
food, housing or health care, that they don’t qualify for./16/
24. Here are seven ways a person might commit welfare
fraud:
1. Not reporting income or employment
2. Not disclosing personal assets
3. Claiming to be a single parent while the other parent
lives in the same home
4. Submitting a claim for ineligible or fictitious children
5. Using false identification to receive aid
6. Selling food stamps for cash
7. Collecting benefits in multiple states
25.
26.
27. Pluralisation
A welfare state is one which provides a system of social
services and financial benefits UK for those in
temporary need. It also provides for vulnerable
members of society.
The term ‘welfare’ has different meanings in different
countries and different historical periods.
The problems a welfare state faces are providing
sufficient benefits but giving people an incentive to
work. Also, the government must provide benefits is an
efficient and equal manner.
28. Changes in working practices for the unemployed
make it difficult to estimate the number of welfare
claimants.
Even the total number of claimants for each benefit
does not help since claimants can receive more
than one benefit.
The welfare state is a political system based on the
notion that rather than individuals, corporations, or
the local community, it is the government’s
responsibility for the well-being of its people./14/
29.
30. Welfare State in Iran
Good facilities as their sport
Recreation facilities
Free transportation
Highly service insurance
Free education
99% of them are willing to pay taxes on perfect
amenities
34. 15- Shiri Regev-Messalem: (2013), Claiming Citizenship:The Political
Dimension of Welfare Fraud. Law and Social Inquiry, vol. 38 Issue 4 (Fall
2013).
16- https://www.lifelock.com/learn-fraud-what-is-welfare-fraud.html