Early societies in India and Greece were organized around extended families that formed into larger clans and lineages. These gradually developed into early political units known as janapadas in India and city-states in Greece. In India, the large agricultural regions governed by kings were known as mahajanapadas, with different systems of rule developing based on their location, including ganasanghas in Himalayan valleys and monarchies in the Gangetic plain. Magadha was the first empire to emerge in India. Kautilya's Arthashastra provided a framework for the concept of the state. The Mauryan Empire established by Chandragupta Maurya extended this system across a wide area from the Gangetic plain

2. EARLY FORMS OF POWER

3. Gradually their social life developed further in
Bronze Age and the Iron Age. Family was the
base of society.

4. Several sub families sharing blood relationship ,
became a larger community and came to be
known as a lineage.

5. When larger communities were formed, containing
several sub lineages, they were known as clans.

6. • In the early stages these power –centers
known as janapadas in India and city states in
Greece.

7. Mahajanapadas
• Mahajanapadas was the early form of a state
consisting of a geographical area which
included people who depended mainly on
agricultural sector

8. Agricultural activity of mahajanapadas

9. GANASANGHA
• The rule of ganasanghas prevailed mainly in
the mahajanapads lying closer to the
himalayas.

10. Mahajanapadas in the valleys of himalaya

11. MONARCHY
• Monarchy was mostly in the mahajanapadas
of the gangetic plain.

12. Gangetic plain

13. FIRST EMPIRE
• Maghada was the first empire in India,which
was one of the mahajanapadas.

14. Magadha empire

15. Magadha kingdom

16. KAUTILYA AND SAPTANGA THEORY
• It was Kautilya,is also known as Chanakya who
gave the first cogent explanation for the
concept of state through his book
‘Arthasastra’.

17. Kautilya

18. Chandragupta Maura was the
founder of Maura empire.

19. • Chandragupta Maura extended the empire
and controlled the affairs of the
administration.

20. • The mouryan empire become most powerful
during Asoka’s region.

21. Asoka

22. ASOKA’S EDICTS
• Asoka set up edicts in various place. There are
in three categories- major edicts, minor edicts,
pillar edicts.

23. Pillar edicts, minor edicts, major edicts

25. The whole area from genetic plain in the east to Kandahar in
the west and from Kashmir in the north to Karnataka in the
south was under the rule of the Maura empire.

26. • The Maura empire become weak because of
the uncontrolled rule of kings.

27. In the early stages, Greeks lived as clans.Gradually villages
joined together and began to form large units.this led to the
formation of city states.

28. ATHENS AND SPARTA
ATHENS-DEMOCRATIC STATE SPARTA-MILITARY STATE

29. In Rome,real authority was exercised by a Senate dominated
by rich families.This system has been called a republic.

30. OCTAVIAN

31. HARIPRIYA.C
SOCIAL SCIENCE
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