This document discusses various philosophical and psychological perspectives on human death. It addresses what death means, how it is defined legally and by the World Health Organization. It discusses Martin Heidegger's phenomenological notion of death as certain, indefinite, non-relational, and unable to be outstripped. The document also discusses death and authenticity, the five stages of grief, and how death is viewed and dealt with in psychology.

1. HUMAN PERSON
AND DEATH

2. Trigger
Warning
Some of our topic
may contain
references that might
affect your emotional
state or well being
which some
individuals
distressing.
may find

3. What is
your
bucket
list
before
you die?

4. What is
death?
Death-way simply
equated
stopping
to the
of
heartbeat and
breathing

5. Legal Definition
Death- the irreversible cessation of
circulatory and respiratory functions or the
irreversible cessation of all functions of the
entire brain, including the brain stem. A
person shall be medically and legally dead if
either.

7. According to WHO

8. Phenomenological Notion of Death
According to Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) in his book
Being and Time, death is (a) certain, (b)indefinite, (c) one’s
property, (d) non-relational, and (e) not to be outstripped.
(a)Death is certain. As part of humanness, we are all born (in
Heideggerian sense, we are “thrown”) in the world. The world is
governed by time. We, humans, are existing in time, thus, as
being thrown in the world, we have beginning and since we are
finite beings, we also have end – death. Birth and death are two
things we cannot remove from our existence. Whether we like it
or not, we will die.

9. Phenomenological Notion of Death
(b)Death is indefinite. While death is sure to come, it is
however indefinite as to when it will come. Death is impending,
meaning to say, it can happen anytime. We do not know exactly
when. That is why, we should try to live the best life that we
can for we never know the day of our end.
(c)Death is one’s property. The death of the person belongs to
him. Nobody can experience his death except himself. There
can be no proxies or substitutes for a person in experiencing
death.

10. Phenomenological Notion of Death
(d)Death is non-relational. This means that when we die, we
die alone. We have no choice but to face it on our own. Death
also removes all our relations to others. In contemplating
death, we realize our own individuality and independence from
the world.
(e)Death is not to be outstripped. Death cannot be taken
away from a person. Even the person himself cannot remove
the possibility of death in his life. One cannot make himself live
forever. Even though we see in fiction movies the idea of
immortality, death, in real life is a definite reality which we
nothing can be done to be outstripped.

11. Death and Authenticity
What does death really mean? Is it just a reminder that human
existence has a limitation? We may accept the reality of death
as it is, but it also reminds us that we have to value life while
we have it.
Since we cannot control it, things that remain within our
control are those which belong to life. While still alive, we have
choices to take. The question now is not focused on death but
on how we live in the world. Let us ask ourselves before we die.
Did we ever truly live?

12. Death and Authenticity
Authenticity is an idea mostly used in existentialism which
means having true and meaningful existence. According to
Soren Kierkegaard, we have to avoid the crowd – the
majority of the society which we think that should be the
pattern of our lives. For example, we see people marrying,
therefore, we also have to marry. But authenticity is not
like that. We have to freely choose marrying. The intention
to marry should not come from the crowd as we usually
hear but it should come from our deliberate choice.

13. Death in the Field of Psychology
Many people are afraid of dying. Discussing, thinking about, or planning for
their own deaths causes them discomfort. This fear may cause them to put
off financial planning, preparing a will and testament, or requesting help from
a hospice organization.
• Different people have different responses to the idea of their own deaths.
Philosopher Galen Strawson writes that the death that many people wish
for is an instant, painless, unexperienced annihilation.In this unlikely
scenario, the person dies without realizing it and without being able to fear
it. One moment the person is walking, eating, or sleeping, and the next
moment, the person is dead. Strawson reasons that this type of death
would not take anything away from the person, as he believes that a
person cannot have a legitimate claim to ownership in the future.

16. 5 Stages of Grief
DENIAL-Denial is the first of the five stages of grief™️. It helps
us to survive the loss. In this stage, the world becomes
meaningless and overwhelming. Life makes no sense. We are
in a state of shock and denial. We go numb. We wonder how
we can go on, if we can go on, why we should go on. We try to
find a way to simply get through each day. Denial and shock
help us to cope and make survival possible. Denial helps us to
pace our feelings of grief. There is a grace in denial. It is
nature’s way of letting in only as much as we can handle. As
you accept the reality of the loss and start to ask yourself
questions, you are unknowingly beginning the healing process.
You are becoming stronger, and the denial is beginning to
fade. But as you proceed, all the feelings you were denying

17. 5 Stages of Grief
ANGER-Anger is a necessary stage of the healing process. Be
willing to feel your anger, even though it may seem endless.
The more you truly feel it, the more it will begin to dissipate and
the more you will heal. There are many other emotions under
the anger and you will get to them in time, but anger is the
emotion we are most used to managing. The truth is that anger
has no limits. It can extend not only to your friends, the doctors,
your family, yourself and your loved one who died, but also to
God. You may ask, “Where is God in this? Underneath anger is
pain, your pain. It is natural to feel deserted and abandoned,
but we live in a society that fears anger. Anger is strength and it
can be an anchor, giving temporary structure to the
nothingness of loss.

18. 5 Stages of Grief
At first grief feels like being lost at sea: no connection to
anything. Then you get angry at someone, maybe a person
who didn’t attend the funeral, maybe a person who isn’t around,
maybe a person who is different now that your loved one has
died. Suddenly you have a structure – – your anger toward
them. The anger becomes a bridge over the open sea, a
connection from you to them. It is something to hold onto; and a
connection made from the strength of anger feels better than
nothing.We usually know more about suppressing anger than
feeling it. The anger is just another indication of the intensity of
your love.

19. 5 Stages of Grief
BARGAINING-Before a loss, it seems like you will do anything if
only your loved one would be spared. “Please God, ” you bargain,
“I will never be angry at my wife again if you’ll just let her live.”
After a loss, bargaining may take the form of a temporary truce.
“What if I devote the rest of my life to helping others. Then can I
wake up and realize this has all been a bad dream?” We become
lost in a maze of “If only…” or “What if…” statements. We want
life returned to what is was; we want our loved one restored. We
want to go back in time: find the tumor sooner, recognize the
illness more quickly, stop the accident from happening…if only, if
only, if only. Guilt is often bargaining’s companion. The “if onlys”
cause us to find fault in ourselves and what we “think” we could
have done differently. We may even bargain with first one.

20. 5 Stages of Grief
We want to go back in time: find the tumor sooner, recognize
the illness more quickly, stop the accident from happening…if
only, if only, if only. Guilt is often bargaining’s companion. The
“if onlys” cause us to find fault in ourselves and what we “think”
we could have done differently. We may even bargain with the
pain. We will do anything not to feel the pain of this loss. We
remain in the past, trying to negotiate our way out of the hurt.
People often think of the stages as lasting weeks or months.
They forget that the stages are responses to feelings that can
last for minutes or hours as we flip in and out of one and then
another. We do not enter and leave each individual stage in a
linear fashion. We may feel one, then another and back again

21. 5 Stages of Grief
BARGAINING-Before a loss, it seems like you will do anything
if only your loved one would be spared. “Please God, ” you
bargain, “I will never be angry at my wife again if you’ll just let
her live.” After a loss, bargaining may take the form of a
temporary truce. “What if I devote the rest of my life to helping
others. Then can I wake up and realize this has all been a bad
dream?” We become lost in a maze of “If only…” or “What if…”
statements. We want life returned to what is was; we want our
loved one restored. We want to go back in time: find the tumor
sooner, recognize the illness more quickly, stop the accident
from happening…if only, if only, if only. Guilt is often
bargaining’s companion.

22. 5 Stages of Grief
The “if onlys” cause us to find fault in ourselves and what we “think” we could have done
differently. We may even bargain with the pain. We will do anything not to feel the pain of this
loss. We remain in the past, trying to negotiate our way out of the hurt. People often think of the
stages as lasting weeks or months. They forget that the stages are responses to feelings that
can last for minutes or hours as we flip in and out of one and then another. We do not enter and
leave each individual stage in a linear fashion. We may feel one, then another and back again
to the first one.

23. 5 Stages of Grief
DEPRESSION-After bargaining, our attention moves
squarely into the present. Empty feelings present
on a deeper
themselves, and
level, deeper
grief
than
enters
we
our lives
ever imagined.
depressive stage feels
forever. It’s important understand
it will
that
This
last
this
depression is not a sign
as though
to
of mental illness.
the appropriate response
It is
loss. We
to a great
in a fog of intense
withdraw from life, left
sadness, wondering, perhaps, if there is any point
in going on alone? Why go on
after a loss is too often seen
at all? Depression
as unnatural: a state
to be fixed, something to snap out of.

24. 5 Stages of Grief
The first question to ask yourself is whether or not the
situation you’re in is actually depressing. The loss of a
loved one is a very depressing situation, and
depression is a normal and appropriate response. T
o
not experience depression after a loved one dies
would be unusual. When a loss fully settles in your
soul, the realization that your loved one didn’t get
better this time and is not coming back is
understandably depressing. If grief is a process of
healing, then depression is one of the many

25. 5 Stages of Grief
ACCEPTANCE

26. Write TRUE if you
agree that the
statement is correct
but write FALSE if
incorrect
the statement is
and
explain why the
statement is correct
or wrong in the
space provided
under each item.
1. Immortality
can be achieved by man.
2. Death is
impending.
3. We can always
design how we will die.

27. Write TRUE if you agree
that the statement is
correct but write FALSE if
the statement is incorrect
and explain why the
statement is correct or
wrong in the space
provided under each item.
4. Two persons
can totally share same
experience of death
5. Death is one of
the surest thing in the world.
6. We can
always say that there is still
time.

28. Write TRUE if you agree
that the statement is
correct but write FALSE if
the statement is incorrect
and explain why the
statement is correct or
wrong in the space
provided under each item.
7. We waste our lives
by living the life we don’t want.
8. Following the
society would mean a good
existence.
9. Death comes at
the time we expect it will come.
10. Though we
don’t know when we will die, we
can prepare for it.