This document provides an overview of the history and development of communication media and argumentation. It discusses early Greek and Roman theories of rhetoric and argument. It then covers the development of new media technologies like photography, film, television and how they changed communication. It discusses the shift from oral to written communication and the impact of new media on society and strategic discourse.
This document discusses reasons for pursuing graduate school, including wanting to learn more about communication, increase earning potential, or dislike of a previous job. It also covers different models of graduate education, such as the apprentice model, and providing research questions and definitions of communication from various scholars. The document provides an overview of considerations for graduate study in communication.
1) The document discusses the concept of audience in rhetorical theory from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times. Key figures like Aristotle, Cicero, Campbell, and Perelman contributed theories about understanding and adapting to audiences.
2) George Campbell's philosophy of rhetoric from 1776 synthesized knowledge about persuasion as a four-step process involving instruction, imagination, passions, and the will. He emphasized the importance of understanding an audience's education, culture, occupation, and politics.
3) Chais Perelman distinguished between a "universal audience" as an ideal rational construct in the rhetor's mind, and a "particular audience" as the actual group being addressed, noting the need to argue
This document provides an overview of key concepts in media and communication studies, including:
- The development of television from earlier technologies like film, telegraphy, and wireless radio.
- Key inventors and innovations that advanced broadcasting capabilities, allowing messages to reach mass audiences rather than just individuals.
- Theories of language and how they relate to rhetorical style and the use of symbols.
- Components of rhetorical narratives based on ancient rhetoric and Kenneth Burke's dramatism.
- Types of narratives like myths that convey lessons and exert social influence through narrative fidelity.
- Tools of psychoanalytic interpretation that view media through the lenses of Freudian concepts like the id, ego, superego,
This document discusses various aspects of memory and its role in rhetoric. It covers ancient understandings of memory, how memory was an important canon that has been lost, different senses of memory, collective vs. individual memory, strategies for remembering and forgetting, memorializing as a rhetorical act, and issues of presentism, images, visual rhetoric, and spectacles.
This document provides an overview of topics related to identity, women's rhetorical history, feminism, and the culture of strategic discourse. Regarding women's rhetorical history, it discusses how women have contributed to the development of rhetorical traditions throughout history despite facing exclusion. It profiles several influential female leaders and thinkers from different time periods who used rhetoric to advocate for women's rights and intellectual abilities. The document also outlines the key events and principles of the three waves of feminism. In the section on culture of strategic discourse, it examines the role of journalism and popular culture in shaping contemporary discourse, including the evolution of journalism styles and debates around media bias.
The document provides an overview of definitions and perspectives of rhetoric throughout history. It discusses classical definitions from figures like Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero. It also examines modern and contemporary definitions. The document then analyzes rhetoric from different perspectives like as a system, rules, argument, speech, and power. It discusses the historical evolution of rhetoric in relation to changes in media from orality to literacy and changes in society.
Who are the actors of controversies? appreciating the heterogeneity of collec...INRIA - ENS Lyon
This document discusses several topics related to the social construction of science:
1. It references Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's 1979 book "Laboratory Life" which argued that scientific facts are social constructions.
2. It discusses the "Sokal Affair" where a physicist published a nonsense paper in a cultural studies journal to test their intellectual standards.
3. It covers the debate between positivism, which sees scientific truths as facts, and relativism, which sees them as social fetishes, as well as constructivism which sees them as "factish."
4. It examines arguments around extending the notion of agency in technoscience to include non-scientists, non
This presentation provides a different view of science communication by not following established lines of introduction. It discusses how science communication has changed from being education-oriented to having to answer the demands of a diverse audience. Effective science communication requires understanding different communication models and parameters for success, such as not dumbing down information, being concise, and using storytelling techniques.
This document discusses reasons for pursuing graduate school, including wanting to learn more about communication, increase earning potential, or dislike of a previous job. It also covers different models of graduate education, such as the apprentice model, and providing research questions and definitions of communication from various scholars. The document provides an overview of considerations for graduate study in communication.
1) The document discusses the concept of audience in rhetorical theory from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times. Key figures like Aristotle, Cicero, Campbell, and Perelman contributed theories about understanding and adapting to audiences.
2) George Campbell's philosophy of rhetoric from 1776 synthesized knowledge about persuasion as a four-step process involving instruction, imagination, passions, and the will. He emphasized the importance of understanding an audience's education, culture, occupation, and politics.
3) Chais Perelman distinguished between a "universal audience" as an ideal rational construct in the rhetor's mind, and a "particular audience" as the actual group being addressed, noting the need to argue
This document provides an overview of key concepts in media and communication studies, including:
- The development of television from earlier technologies like film, telegraphy, and wireless radio.
- Key inventors and innovations that advanced broadcasting capabilities, allowing messages to reach mass audiences rather than just individuals.
- Theories of language and how they relate to rhetorical style and the use of symbols.
- Components of rhetorical narratives based on ancient rhetoric and Kenneth Burke's dramatism.
- Types of narratives like myths that convey lessons and exert social influence through narrative fidelity.
- Tools of psychoanalytic interpretation that view media through the lenses of Freudian concepts like the id, ego, superego,
This document discusses various aspects of memory and its role in rhetoric. It covers ancient understandings of memory, how memory was an important canon that has been lost, different senses of memory, collective vs. individual memory, strategies for remembering and forgetting, memorializing as a rhetorical act, and issues of presentism, images, visual rhetoric, and spectacles.
This document provides an overview of topics related to identity, women's rhetorical history, feminism, and the culture of strategic discourse. Regarding women's rhetorical history, it discusses how women have contributed to the development of rhetorical traditions throughout history despite facing exclusion. It profiles several influential female leaders and thinkers from different time periods who used rhetoric to advocate for women's rights and intellectual abilities. The document also outlines the key events and principles of the three waves of feminism. In the section on culture of strategic discourse, it examines the role of journalism and popular culture in shaping contemporary discourse, including the evolution of journalism styles and debates around media bias.
The document provides an overview of definitions and perspectives of rhetoric throughout history. It discusses classical definitions from figures like Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero. It also examines modern and contemporary definitions. The document then analyzes rhetoric from different perspectives like as a system, rules, argument, speech, and power. It discusses the historical evolution of rhetoric in relation to changes in media from orality to literacy and changes in society.
Who are the actors of controversies? appreciating the heterogeneity of collec...INRIA - ENS Lyon
This document discusses several topics related to the social construction of science:
1. It references Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's 1979 book "Laboratory Life" which argued that scientific facts are social constructions.
2. It discusses the "Sokal Affair" where a physicist published a nonsense paper in a cultural studies journal to test their intellectual standards.
3. It covers the debate between positivism, which sees scientific truths as facts, and relativism, which sees them as social fetishes, as well as constructivism which sees them as "factish."
4. It examines arguments around extending the notion of agency in technoscience to include non-scientists, non
This presentation provides a different view of science communication by not following established lines of introduction. It discusses how science communication has changed from being education-oriented to having to answer the demands of a diverse audience. Effective science communication requires understanding different communication models and parameters for success, such as not dumbing down information, being concise, and using storytelling techniques.
What's at Stake in the Information Debate?Craig Simon
An approach is proposed for understanding how the Shannon-Weaver conceptions of measurable entropy within a message (conceptions that are foundational in Computer Science) can be shown to intersect with the McLuhan-Schwartz participation vectors and resonance intervals within a medium (conceptions that are foundational in Media Ecology) via reference to Hartley’s Formula for Information.
The document provides instructions for writing an assignment with the assistance of HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work. The service aims to provide original, high-quality content and stand by its promises to fully meet customer needs.
The document discusses two media theories about audiences:
1) Early theorists believed media could heavily influence audiences by "injecting" certain views.
2) Stuart Hall theorized audiences interpret media texts based on their own cultural experiences and contexts, not just accepting messages. They may have dominant, negotiated, or oppositional readings.
It also discusses semiotics theory by Roland Barthes that media uses signifiers audiences interpret based on their own signified meanings to derive an overall sign/interpretation that can perpetuate dominant ideologies. The document instructs to find examples from one's own work illustrating these audience theories and semiotics concepts.
The document discusses Marxist and Weberian perspectives on the relationship between religion and economics. It explains that Marx saw religious icons as reinforcing oppressive economic structures, in line with his conflict theory. Meanwhile, Weber acknowledged Christianity's role in developing Western capitalism, linking Protestant work ethic to the emergence of capitalism. The document also discusses how Marxist ideas influenced liberation theology movements in Latin America. Overall, it provides an overview of Marxist and Weberian sociological approaches to analyzing the interaction between religion and economics.
Due date Saturday March 21, 2015.Answers for each question sho.docxjacksnathalie
Due date Saturday March 21, 2015.
Answers for each question should be at least 100 words.
1. Exam Questions:
Topic #3 – Economic Actors
1. Explain Myrdal’s concept of cumulative and circular causation and compare and contrast it to Veblen’s concept of cumulative causation.
2. Explain Robert Montgomery’s theory of how institutional practices come about and come to be thought of and practiced over time.
3. What is Montgomery’s theorized relationship between technological change and cultural change and give (articulate) an example outside of the Montgomery reading.
Reading:
1. Montgomery: Historical Fact
2. Myrdal: Institutional Economics
4. Exam Questions:
Topic #9 – Money
1. How does the standard story of the invention of money differ from the Institutionalist/Post Keynesian theory?
2. What does the Institutionalist/Post Keynesian theory of money says about the financial constraints on an economy to provisioning for the elderly?
Reading:
Wray: An irreverent overview of the history of money from the beginning of the beginning through to the present.
Question 1
a) The law that will be applied. . . .
b) The court will decide the effect of the the purported acceptance in the following way: . . .
c) The additional terms . . .
Question 2
a) She was only joking:
The offeror would argue that . . .
b) She didn't know that an offer was being made:
The offeror would argue that . . .
c) She knew she was signing an offer but he didn't read all of the terms:
The offeror would argue that . . .
d) She did not understand some of the terms and conditions:
The offeror would argue that . . .
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
An irreverent overview of the history of money from the beginning of the begi...
L Randall Wray
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics; Summer 1999; 21, 4; ABI/INFORM Global
pg. 679
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with p ...
Plagiarism is defined as taking someone else's words, research, or ideas and representing them as your own. There are three types of plagiarists: those who knowingly steal work, those who inadvertently fail to cite sources, and those who do it out of ignorance of plagiarism rules. Journalists face pressures like making stories interesting, being first, appearing objective, including multiple perspectives, and taking an adversarial stance that can contribute to ethical lapses. Ethics involves reasoned consideration of moral principles and dilemmas can involve absolutist deontological approaches versus situational teleological thinking. Common ethical frameworks include Kant's categorical imperative, Mill's utilitarianism, the Golden Rule, Aristotle's Golden Mean,
This document discusses the history and development of reception theory. It covers early uses of reception theory from the 1970s-1990s to analyze media content, the expansion of the theory beyond text to include semiotics and the understanding that environmental context influences reception. More recent developments mentioned include incorporating neuroscience findings and how reception models have been used to understand celebrity reception. The meaning derived from media depends on the relationship between the text and the reader's own background and experiences.
This document discusses the history and development of reception theory. It covers early uses of reception theory from the 1970s-1990s to analyze media content, the expansion of the theory beyond text to include semiotics and the understanding that environmental context influences reception. More recent developments mentioned include incorporating neuroscience findings and how reception models have been used to understand celebrity reception. The meaning derived from media depends on the relationship between the text and the reader's own background and experiences.
ENGL570_B01_202020 - 202020 SPRING 2020 ENGL 570-B01 LUOTe.docxkhanpaulita
ENGL570_B01_202020 - 202020 SPRING 2020 ENGL 570-B01 LUO
Term Paper
Yolanda McNeil
on Thu, Mar 05 2020, 9:59 PM
15% highest match
Submission ID: 023edea0-7542-490e-9a7e-4a71a560616e
Attachments (1)
Yolanda_McNeil_ENGL570_Term_Project_Paper.docx
Running head: THE ENTHYMEME IN ARISTOTLE'S RHETORIC 1
THE ENTHYMEME IN ARISTOTLE'S RHETORIC 2
Term Project: 1 JUDICIAL RHETORIC (THE ENTHYMEME IN ARISTOTLE'S
RHETORIC) YOLANDA MCNEIL
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Yolanda_McNeil_ENGL570_Term_Project_Paper.docx
Word Count: 5,918
Attachment ID: 2642248507
15%
http://safeassign.blackboard.com/
ENGL 570 TERM PAPER
Liberty University
Introduction
The concept of enthymeme has been broadly discussed as a subject in argumentation theory
and informal logic. All contemporary theorists understand that the enthymeme concept date
back to Aristotle Rhetoric. They are convinced that the term ‘syllogism’ which ascribed to this
concept in introductions to logic diverges from original Aristotelian perception. But what few
individuals are not sure is that scholars of ancient philosophy and philologists are still
passionately debating the matter of detailed sense of this concept in Rhetoric (Conley, 1984). As
a result, there is just one point that all theorists agree: the enthymeme has changed since
Aristotle's original discussions of it. In overall, the approach of Aristotle to the enthymemes in
the Rhetoric seems to change from argumentative theory to logic.
Research Purpose
This research paper provides an analysis of how Aristotle ascribes to the enthymeme. That will
be achieved from the perception of argumentation theory in explaining how enthymeme has
presented in different perspectives. The advantages of argumentation theory include the
following: it supplements the dominant logical approach presented in 2 highly enlightened
researches by Burnyeat (1994) which emphasizes the question of logical validity of the link
between the premise and deduction. Secondly, that method is better calculated to outline
parallels in contemporary ‘enthymeme issues.
The research intends to use an argumentative theory which is the study of how deductions can
be arrived at through reasonable thinking, that is, soundly, claim based or not on-premises. It
comprises rules of logic and inference in speeches and premises. 1 IN COMBINATION
WITH RHETORIC THEORY THAT TRACES ITS ROOTS BACK TO ANTIQUE
GREECE, WHERE “RHETORIC” DENOTED THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING AS
IT ADVANCED UNDER THE STATUTORY RÉGIME, ESPECIALLY IN THE 4TH
AND 5TH-CENTURY ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY.
THE ORDINARY CITIZEN LACKED THE WIDE-RANGING KNOWLEDGE OF THE
LAW AND ITS PROCEDURES THAT THE PROFESSIONAL LAWYER DID,
HOWEVER, IT WAS GREAT TO HIS ADVANTAGE TO HAVE WIDE-RANGING
KNOWLEDGE OF THE TACTICS OF DEFENSE AND PROSECUTION. AS A
RESULT, THE SCHOOLS OF RHETORIC DID A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS IN
TRAINING THE LAYPERSON TO DEFEND HIMSELF IN COURT OR TO
PROSECUTE AN OFFENDING NEIGHBOR. AS.
Easy Topics To Write A Persuasive Essay On.pdfJackie Rojas
50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Persuasive essay examples for 6th graders – Help in writing an essay .... ️ Easy persuasive essay topics. 180 Persuasive Essay Topics to Share .... School essay: Example for persuasive writing. Simple Essay Example – Amat. Contoh Essay Pendek – Ilustrasi. Persuasive Writing Topics For 4Th Graders. 10 Daring Persuasive Argumentative Essay Topics - Academic Writing Success. Good persuasive essay topics for middle school. Persuasive, as well as .... 60 Interesting Persuasive Essay Topics for Kids and Teens. Persuasive Essay Writing prompts and Template for Free | Essay writing .... Persuasive writing, Persuasive writing topics, Persuasive writing examples. 10 best topics for persuasive essays — www.quickessaywriters.co.uk. 31 Persuasive Essay Topics • JournalBuddies.com. Persuasive essay topics for middle schoolers. Top 145 Interesting .... Writing persuasive essays - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. Persuasive Essay and Speech Topics | Ereading Worksheets - 7th Grade .... 013 Good Persuasive Essay Topics Example ~ Thatsnotus. 100 Persuasive Essay Topics. Beautiful Best Persuasive Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. Persuasive Essay Writing Topics. persuasive writing samples grade 3 - Google Search Writing A Persuasive .... Fun Ideas For Persuasive Essay. 10 persuasive essay samples to help students understand the features .... This persuasive writing pack includes a range of worksheets and .... Teacher Approved Organizing Persuasive Writing with Color (Guest Post .... Persuasive Writing Worksheet Pack - No Prep Lesson Ideas | Persuasive .... Example Of Persuasive Essay Topics. persuasive essay ideas Easy Topics To Write A Persuasive Essay On
Problem Solution Essay Prompts. How to Write a Problem Solution Essay: Guide ...Danielle Torres
How to Write a Problem Solution Essay - Comprehensive Guide. How to Write a Problem-Solution Essay in 16 Easy Steps. 001 Problem Solution Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Problem Solution Essay Thesis and How to Write It. Free Problem Solution Essay Examples: Topics, Outline, Samples. Problem and solution essays topics - Top 5 Problem and Solution Essay .... What is an academic problem-solu
Argument structure The Aristotelian argument The Artroutmanboris
Argument structure: The Aristotelian argument
The Aristotelian argument is the framework upon which most academic, thesis-driven
writing is based. You can use this template any time you need to take a position on a
topic.* Before getting started, make sure that your thesis is argumentative and non-
obvious. When determining how to support your thesis, try to group all of your
supporting evidence into distinct piles which have thematic similarities. Finally, develop
each claim in its own section of text, making sure that each point is proportionate to the
others. The back of this handout contains a template you can use to get started.
1. Start broad and contextualizes the argument (e.g. Why
is your topic relevant to the course content?).
2. End with a specific argumentative claim--your thesis
(e.g. “In Augustine’s Confessions, we find many personal
dilemmas still relevant to modern life.”). You may also
opt to preview the progression of your argument (e.g. “In
Augustine’s Confessions, we find many personal
dilemmas still relevant to modern culture, evidenced by
his greed, his theological experimentation, and his sense
of despair when faced with personal loss.”)
3. Start each body paragraph with a distinct topic
sentence; this tells the reader how the paragraph
functions in the context of the argument (e.g. “One way
in which Augustine’s confessions are still relevant to
modern society is his greed, shown in his willingness to
steal the pears despite being well-fed and otherwise
content”).
4. Each paragraph should have distinct content based on
some organizational principle (e.g. ethics, history,
financial, legal, biblical, thematic (as in this example),
etc.)
5. If your thesis is controversial, you may also opt to
include a concession. This acknowledges a typical
argument your opposition would present to you (e.g.
“However, some theologians have claimed that the
realities of the modern world have made Augustine less
relevant to modern theological dilemmas. One example
is Dr. NoName, who states…”).
6. Immediately following, and in about as much space,
refute the opposition using evidence which undermines
their criticism.
7. Conclude and broaden the scope of your argument,
and this time, contextualize it in terms of relevance to
your audience and society.
*The example above is for illustration only.
Placement of the thesis my vary; the number of
points (and paragraphs composing them) can change.
The Center for Writing
3 Bockman Hall
651.641.3465
www.luthersem.edu/writing
Context & Relevance:
Concession:
Refutation:
Topic Sentence 3:
Supporting claims:
Topic Sentence 2:
Supporting claims:
Topic Sentence 1:
Supporting claims:
Relevance & Context:
Thesis:
marci
Note
Note: This template lacks a Background Section. This section answers the questions: (1) Why is this a problem?; (2) What are the origins/causes of the problem?Aristoteli ...
The document summarizes several theories and traditions related to communication and interpretation:
- The semiotic tradition examines the structure and organization of messages. Semiotics of language studies how language is influenced by and influences semiotics.
- The phenomenological tradition studies structures of consciousness from a first-person perspective, focusing on intentionality and how experiences are directed at objects.
- Reader-response theory (Stanley Fish) focuses on the reader's experience rather than the author/work, and how each reader creates their own unique interpretation.
- The rhetorical tradition explores the inherent connection between rhetoric and human experience, and how rhetoric impacts views of politics, ethics, and life.
- New rhetoric (Perel
The document discusses stereotypes of teenagers in media representations. It summarizes Richard Dyer's theory that stereotypes reduce diversity to a few exaggerated characteristics applied to all members of a social group. The document also discusses how stereotypes can reinforce certain values and assumptions through selective portrayal in media. Several theories are presented on how stereotypes function as a media shorthand and how constant exposure can subtly influence audiences' attitudes over time through cultivation and cultural effects. Examples of common teenage stereotypes in films and television are provided.
The document discusses the theory of the active audience, which posits that audiences play an active role in interpreting media messages rather than passively accepting them. It outlines the development of this theory over time, from early models that viewed audiences as passive to Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model and other research emphasizing that audiences filter messages through their own experiences and can negotiate or oppose the dominant meanings. The document also discusses criticisms of and ongoing questions around the active audience theory.
This document provides an overview of several theories related to analyzing media texts, including semiotics, representation, genre, narrative, and audience. It discusses key concepts from theorists such as Roland Barthes, Ferdinand de Saussure, Stuart Hall, Laura Mulvey, and Daniel Chandler. Students are prompted to apply these concepts to analyze elements of their own media productions.
The document discusses several key aspects of the First Amendment and media ethics. It covers how the First Amendment protects freedom of the press, with some limitations like libel laws. It also discusses how the definition of media has expanded over time. Additionally, it introduces the concept of social responsibility theory, which argues that media should balance libertarian freedoms with responsibilities to society through standards of truth, accuracy and avoiding harmful content.
This document discusses several theories related to audiences and mass communication, including Uses and Gratifications Theory, Reception Theory, and the Hypodermic Needle Theory. Uses and Gratifications Theory proposes that audiences actively seek out media to fulfill desires like diversion, personal relationships, identity, and surveillance. Reception Theory recognizes that audiences can have negotiated or oppositional readings of media that differ from the intended message. The Hypodermic Needle Theory views audiences as passive receivers of media messages, but it is now seen as too simplistic given more sophisticated modern audiences.
The hypodermic needle theory suggests that media messages can be directly injected into passive audiences' brains, influencing their beliefs. It views audiences as weak and the media as powerful. However, the theory ignores that audiences think critically and disagree with media at times. It was popular in the 1930s-40s but is now widely debunked in favor of theories recognizing audiences' active interpretations of media.
An Essay On Martin Luther King Jr TelegraphKaren Alvarez
The document provides instructions for requesting and obtaining writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete an order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized content. The service utilizes a bidding system and promises original, high-quality work meeting customers' needs.
What's at Stake in the Information Debate?Craig Simon
An approach is proposed for understanding how the Shannon-Weaver conceptions of measurable entropy within a message (conceptions that are foundational in Computer Science) can be shown to intersect with the McLuhan-Schwartz participation vectors and resonance intervals within a medium (conceptions that are foundational in Media Ecology) via reference to Hartley’s Formula for Information.
The document provides instructions for writing an assignment with the assistance of HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work. The service aims to provide original, high-quality content and stand by its promises to fully meet customer needs.
The document discusses two media theories about audiences:
1) Early theorists believed media could heavily influence audiences by "injecting" certain views.
2) Stuart Hall theorized audiences interpret media texts based on their own cultural experiences and contexts, not just accepting messages. They may have dominant, negotiated, or oppositional readings.
It also discusses semiotics theory by Roland Barthes that media uses signifiers audiences interpret based on their own signified meanings to derive an overall sign/interpretation that can perpetuate dominant ideologies. The document instructs to find examples from one's own work illustrating these audience theories and semiotics concepts.
The document discusses Marxist and Weberian perspectives on the relationship between religion and economics. It explains that Marx saw religious icons as reinforcing oppressive economic structures, in line with his conflict theory. Meanwhile, Weber acknowledged Christianity's role in developing Western capitalism, linking Protestant work ethic to the emergence of capitalism. The document also discusses how Marxist ideas influenced liberation theology movements in Latin America. Overall, it provides an overview of Marxist and Weberian sociological approaches to analyzing the interaction between religion and economics.
Due date Saturday March 21, 2015.Answers for each question sho.docxjacksnathalie
Due date Saturday March 21, 2015.
Answers for each question should be at least 100 words.
1. Exam Questions:
Topic #3 – Economic Actors
1. Explain Myrdal’s concept of cumulative and circular causation and compare and contrast it to Veblen’s concept of cumulative causation.
2. Explain Robert Montgomery’s theory of how institutional practices come about and come to be thought of and practiced over time.
3. What is Montgomery’s theorized relationship between technological change and cultural change and give (articulate) an example outside of the Montgomery reading.
Reading:
1. Montgomery: Historical Fact
2. Myrdal: Institutional Economics
4. Exam Questions:
Topic #9 – Money
1. How does the standard story of the invention of money differ from the Institutionalist/Post Keynesian theory?
2. What does the Institutionalist/Post Keynesian theory of money says about the financial constraints on an economy to provisioning for the elderly?
Reading:
Wray: An irreverent overview of the history of money from the beginning of the beginning through to the present.
Question 1
a) The law that will be applied. . . .
b) The court will decide the effect of the the purported acceptance in the following way: . . .
c) The additional terms . . .
Question 2
a) She was only joking:
The offeror would argue that . . .
b) She didn't know that an offer was being made:
The offeror would argue that . . .
c) She knew she was signing an offer but he didn't read all of the terms:
The offeror would argue that . . .
d) She did not understand some of the terms and conditions:
The offeror would argue that . . .
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
An irreverent overview of the history of money from the beginning of the begi...
L Randall Wray
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics; Summer 1999; 21, 4; ABI/INFORM Global
pg. 679
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with p ...
Plagiarism is defined as taking someone else's words, research, or ideas and representing them as your own. There are three types of plagiarists: those who knowingly steal work, those who inadvertently fail to cite sources, and those who do it out of ignorance of plagiarism rules. Journalists face pressures like making stories interesting, being first, appearing objective, including multiple perspectives, and taking an adversarial stance that can contribute to ethical lapses. Ethics involves reasoned consideration of moral principles and dilemmas can involve absolutist deontological approaches versus situational teleological thinking. Common ethical frameworks include Kant's categorical imperative, Mill's utilitarianism, the Golden Rule, Aristotle's Golden Mean,
This document discusses the history and development of reception theory. It covers early uses of reception theory from the 1970s-1990s to analyze media content, the expansion of the theory beyond text to include semiotics and the understanding that environmental context influences reception. More recent developments mentioned include incorporating neuroscience findings and how reception models have been used to understand celebrity reception. The meaning derived from media depends on the relationship between the text and the reader's own background and experiences.
This document discusses the history and development of reception theory. It covers early uses of reception theory from the 1970s-1990s to analyze media content, the expansion of the theory beyond text to include semiotics and the understanding that environmental context influences reception. More recent developments mentioned include incorporating neuroscience findings and how reception models have been used to understand celebrity reception. The meaning derived from media depends on the relationship between the text and the reader's own background and experiences.
ENGL570_B01_202020 - 202020 SPRING 2020 ENGL 570-B01 LUOTe.docxkhanpaulita
ENGL570_B01_202020 - 202020 SPRING 2020 ENGL 570-B01 LUO
Term Paper
Yolanda McNeil
on Thu, Mar 05 2020, 9:59 PM
15% highest match
Submission ID: 023edea0-7542-490e-9a7e-4a71a560616e
Attachments (1)
Yolanda_McNeil_ENGL570_Term_Project_Paper.docx
Running head: THE ENTHYMEME IN ARISTOTLE'S RHETORIC 1
THE ENTHYMEME IN ARISTOTLE'S RHETORIC 2
Term Project: 1 JUDICIAL RHETORIC (THE ENTHYMEME IN ARISTOTLE'S
RHETORIC) YOLANDA MCNEIL
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Yolanda_McNeil_ENGL570_Term_Project_Paper.docx
Word Count: 5,918
Attachment ID: 2642248507
15%
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ENGL 570 TERM PAPER
Liberty University
Introduction
The concept of enthymeme has been broadly discussed as a subject in argumentation theory
and informal logic. All contemporary theorists understand that the enthymeme concept date
back to Aristotle Rhetoric. They are convinced that the term ‘syllogism’ which ascribed to this
concept in introductions to logic diverges from original Aristotelian perception. But what few
individuals are not sure is that scholars of ancient philosophy and philologists are still
passionately debating the matter of detailed sense of this concept in Rhetoric (Conley, 1984). As
a result, there is just one point that all theorists agree: the enthymeme has changed since
Aristotle's original discussions of it. In overall, the approach of Aristotle to the enthymemes in
the Rhetoric seems to change from argumentative theory to logic.
Research Purpose
This research paper provides an analysis of how Aristotle ascribes to the enthymeme. That will
be achieved from the perception of argumentation theory in explaining how enthymeme has
presented in different perspectives. The advantages of argumentation theory include the
following: it supplements the dominant logical approach presented in 2 highly enlightened
researches by Burnyeat (1994) which emphasizes the question of logical validity of the link
between the premise and deduction. Secondly, that method is better calculated to outline
parallels in contemporary ‘enthymeme issues.
The research intends to use an argumentative theory which is the study of how deductions can
be arrived at through reasonable thinking, that is, soundly, claim based or not on-premises. It
comprises rules of logic and inference in speeches and premises. 1 IN COMBINATION
WITH RHETORIC THEORY THAT TRACES ITS ROOTS BACK TO ANTIQUE
GREECE, WHERE “RHETORIC” DENOTED THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING AS
IT ADVANCED UNDER THE STATUTORY RÉGIME, ESPECIALLY IN THE 4TH
AND 5TH-CENTURY ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY.
THE ORDINARY CITIZEN LACKED THE WIDE-RANGING KNOWLEDGE OF THE
LAW AND ITS PROCEDURES THAT THE PROFESSIONAL LAWYER DID,
HOWEVER, IT WAS GREAT TO HIS ADVANTAGE TO HAVE WIDE-RANGING
KNOWLEDGE OF THE TACTICS OF DEFENSE AND PROSECUTION. AS A
RESULT, THE SCHOOLS OF RHETORIC DID A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS IN
TRAINING THE LAYPERSON TO DEFEND HIMSELF IN COURT OR TO
PROSECUTE AN OFFENDING NEIGHBOR. AS.
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Argument structure The Aristotelian argument The Artroutmanboris
Argument structure: The Aristotelian argument
The Aristotelian argument is the framework upon which most academic, thesis-driven
writing is based. You can use this template any time you need to take a position on a
topic.* Before getting started, make sure that your thesis is argumentative and non-
obvious. When determining how to support your thesis, try to group all of your
supporting evidence into distinct piles which have thematic similarities. Finally, develop
each claim in its own section of text, making sure that each point is proportionate to the
others. The back of this handout contains a template you can use to get started.
1. Start broad and contextualizes the argument (e.g. Why
is your topic relevant to the course content?).
2. End with a specific argumentative claim--your thesis
(e.g. “In Augustine’s Confessions, we find many personal
dilemmas still relevant to modern life.”). You may also
opt to preview the progression of your argument (e.g. “In
Augustine’s Confessions, we find many personal
dilemmas still relevant to modern culture, evidenced by
his greed, his theological experimentation, and his sense
of despair when faced with personal loss.”)
3. Start each body paragraph with a distinct topic
sentence; this tells the reader how the paragraph
functions in the context of the argument (e.g. “One way
in which Augustine’s confessions are still relevant to
modern society is his greed, shown in his willingness to
steal the pears despite being well-fed and otherwise
content”).
4. Each paragraph should have distinct content based on
some organizational principle (e.g. ethics, history,
financial, legal, biblical, thematic (as in this example),
etc.)
5. If your thesis is controversial, you may also opt to
include a concession. This acknowledges a typical
argument your opposition would present to you (e.g.
“However, some theologians have claimed that the
realities of the modern world have made Augustine less
relevant to modern theological dilemmas. One example
is Dr. NoName, who states…”).
6. Immediately following, and in about as much space,
refute the opposition using evidence which undermines
their criticism.
7. Conclude and broaden the scope of your argument,
and this time, contextualize it in terms of relevance to
your audience and society.
*The example above is for illustration only.
Placement of the thesis my vary; the number of
points (and paragraphs composing them) can change.
The Center for Writing
3 Bockman Hall
651.641.3465
www.luthersem.edu/writing
Context & Relevance:
Concession:
Refutation:
Topic Sentence 3:
Supporting claims:
Topic Sentence 2:
Supporting claims:
Topic Sentence 1:
Supporting claims:
Relevance & Context:
Thesis:
marci
Note
Note: This template lacks a Background Section. This section answers the questions: (1) Why is this a problem?; (2) What are the origins/causes of the problem?Aristoteli ...
The document summarizes several theories and traditions related to communication and interpretation:
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The document discusses several key aspects of the First Amendment and media ethics. It covers how the First Amendment protects freedom of the press, with some limitations like libel laws. It also discusses how the definition of media has expanded over time. Additionally, it introduces the concept of social responsibility theory, which argues that media should balance libertarian freedoms with responsibilities to society through standards of truth, accuracy and avoiding harmful content.
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An Essay On Martin Luther King Jr TelegraphKaren Alvarez
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6. Early Discussions of Argument Aristotle—Non-artistic vs. artistic means of persuasion. Aristotle—3 means of persuasion Ethos Pathos Logos Aristotle—Enthymeme Cicero (Rhetorica ad Herennium)—5 parts to a complete argument: The proposition The reason The proof of the reason The embellishment The résumé (conclusion)
7. Classical Rhetorical Canon of Invention (Inventio) Logical proof Stasis—locating the starting point of the case/debate. Stasis of fact Stasis of definition Stasis of quality Ethical proof Romans expanded the Aristotelian conception of ethos. Includes all of a speaker’s life/character. Quintilian—a good man speaking well. Goodness becomes the hallmark of Roman conceptions of ethos. Pathetic proof Reinforcement for logos. Roman development: Quintilian’s theory of humor—both content and delivery.
8. The Ramistic Shift The split between logic (argument/invention) and rhetoric (style & delivery) was brought about through the education reforms of Peter Ramus (1515-1572). Ramus was an educational reformer. Argued for an educational system different from the liberal arts model, where rhetoric was one of the seven liberal arts. Split persists for centuries.
9. Whately on Rhetorical Argument Focus on argumentation resurfaces in the works of Richard Whately (1787-1863). Whately limits the scope of rhetoric to argumentation Rhetoric is less concerned with invention/discovery and more with management A priori argument: cause to effect Argument from sign: effect to a condition Three different types of testimony: Undesigned—genuine and simple in orientation Negative testimony—the inability of an advocate to counter/respond to contradiction or refutation Concurrent—several witnesses who don’t interact affirm a similar conclusion
10. Whately on Rhetorical Argument Presumption: “preoccupation of the ground.” A proposition “must stand good till some sufficient reason is adduced against it.” Burden of Proof: rests with the rhetor seeking to refute the presumption.
11. Contemporary Views of Argument Most contemporary understandings of argument come from Stephen Toulmin. Toulmin puts forth a practical, realistic sense of argument as opposed to a formal, logical sense of argument. Basic Toulmin Model
13. The Parts of the Toulmin Model Claims can appear anywhere in the argument or they may be implied (in which case you must identify them by inference). The claim organizes the entire argument; everything else in the argument is related to the claim. The data for the claim provides the evidence, reasoning, opinions, examples, and factual information about the claim that make it possible for the reader to accept it. Support is always explicitly stated and will not have to be inferred. It can appear either before or after the claim and is required to be acceptable and convincing. Qualifier/Modality: Arguments are not expected to demonstrate certainties. Instead, they usually only establish probabilities. Claims are qualified to meet anticipated objections of an audience. Backing: Evidence provided to make warrants acceptable to audiences.
14. The Parts of the Toulmin Model Warrants are the assumptions, general principles, widely held values, commonly accepted beliefs and appeals to human motives that are important parts of any argument. They are not written out as part of the argument, which allows an audience a sense of participation in the argument and thus, they are more likely to buy the argument. The audience supplies warrants; if the audience accepts them, the argument is convincing. Warrants are culture bound; they represent the values, beliefs and training typical of individual cultures. They represent the psychology of an argument, in the sense that they reveal the unspoken beliefs and values of the author and invite the reader to examine his or her own beliefs and make comparisons. Warrants link the support to the claim by enabling the audience to accept or justify particular evidence as proof of a particular claim. They also establish links between the author and the audience; shared warrants result in successfully establishing common ground. Rebuttals establish what is wrong, invalid or unacceptable about an argument, and may also prevent counter-arguments or new arguments which represent entirely different perspectives or points-of-view on the issue. Rebuttals may appear as answers to arguments that have already been stated, or the author may anticipate an audience’s rebuttal and include answers to possible objections before they are stated.
15. Example of Toulmin Model of Argument Congress should ban animal research (Claim #1) because animals are tortured in experiments that have no necessary benefit for humans such as the testing of cosmetics (Data). The well being of animals is more important than the profits of the cosmetics industry (Warrant). Only Congress has the authority to make such a law (Warrant) because the corporations can simply move from state to state to avoid legal penalties (Backing). Of course, this ban should not apply to medical research (Qualifier). A law to ban all research would go too far (Rebuttal). So, the law would probably (qualifier) have to be carefully written to define the kinds of research intended (claim #2).
17. Media/Mediation For most of human history, rhetoric has concerned oratorical presentations/texts. Other forms of human communication were interpersonal, conversational, artistic, poetic—but not rhetorical. Stages of Media Development Novelty/Development Stage: Inventors and technicians. Entrepreneurial Stage: Inventors and investors. Mass-Medium Stage All new forms of communication start out slowly. Usually viewed with suspicion. New communication always borrows from the old model. Marshall McLuhan noted that the content of any new medium is the medium that came before. Plato’s Cave
19. Early Forms of Mediation Writing Music Art Printing/Movable Type First attempts at figurative art – 35,000 and 25,000 B.C.E. Cave paintings at Lascaux, France – 15,000 B.C.E.
20. Photography Photography First known photograph was in 1827 by Niepce—8 hour exposure time. Early photographs by Louis Daguerre, called daguerreotypes (1839). In U.S., early daguerreotypes by M. Brady communicated the reality/brutality of the Civil War to millions. Some commentators worried that they were too real.
22. Motion Pictures Motion in pictures was magical. The Lumiere Brothers were hailed by Renoir as another Gutenberg. Dominant question: “In a moving image, what should do the moving?”
24. Early Cinema 1889—Celluloid was bought by George Eastman (Eastman/Kodak) In the late 19th/early 20th century, Georges Méliès began the development of the narrative film Edwin Porter—first American narrative film in 1902. Nickelodeon (silent film, “shorts”) “Democracy’s theater” Numbers of nickelodeons rise rapidly Thomas Edison moves in to dominate in 1908 with the Motion Picture Patents Company (Trust)
31. From Film to TV Demographic changes after WWII: Average marriage age drops to 19 Families start earlier Baby boom and staying home with kids By the mid-1950s TV replaces radio and movies for family entertainment Movies develop technologies: CinemaScope; Technicolor; etc.
32. From Film to TV Children (4-6), when asked what they liked best: fathers or TV—54% chose TV. TV is 50 years old. It took only 8 years for TV to “penetrate” American homes. TV is on an average of 8 hours a day. Most of the world’s people devote half their leisure time to TV.
33. From Film to TV Television represented the merger of motion picture technology with broadcasting technology. Telegraphs (1840s) and telephones (1870s) were examples of narrowcast communication media. Both were also dependent upon wired transmission.
34. Marconi and the Wireless Guglielmo Marconi: Invented wireless telegraphy (1894) – used code, not voice
35. TV Technology Lee De Forest was instrumental in moving Marconi’s wireless telegraphy to wireless telephony, allowing for the transmission of voice and music. De Forest was particularly known for the invention of the vacuum tube that was the beginning of modern electronics. Set the stage for broadcasting to mass audiences. Different from narrowcasting, or the person-to-person communication of telegraphy and telephony.
36. The Development of Broadcasting RCA, in 1926, purchased AT&T’s telephone group network to form the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) The began the affiliate system of programming—a national network broadcasting to local affiliates who would also provide their own programming. RCA’s monopoly was eventually subject to anti-trust moves by the government. In the 1940s, NBC-blue was sold and became ABC.
37. Understanding Media "Any hot medium allows of less participation than a cool one, as a lecture makes for less participation than a seminar, and a book for less than a dialogue."
38. The Current Media Landscape How would you describe the role of mediation on contemporary strategic discourse? What are your primary patterns of communication consumption? How are the messages you consume mediated? How does your media consumption differ from those who were media consumers 50 years ago? How will media consumers 50 years from now encounter strategic discourse differently from you?