Week 1 (The Stone Age and Early Civilization)
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This document provides an overview and introduction to a course on the Stone Age and early civilizations. It discusses key topics that will be covered, including the origins and spread of early humans, the Neolithic Revolution and domestication of plants and animals, and the rise of early civilizations in river valleys such as Mesopotamia. The course will examine archaeological evidence from sites in the Near East and Europe to analyze how early human societies evolved from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled agricultural and urban civilizations.
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This document provides an overview and syllabus for a course on history called "Becoming Human: The Stone Age". It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including hominids, the New Stone Age, civilization, and homework assignments. The document also includes quotes from James Mattis on the importance of studying history and provides timelines and information on the spread of early humans, the Neolithic Age, domestication of plants and animals, and the birth of early civilizations.
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This document provides an overview and chronology of the Stone Age period from approximately 10,000 BC to 3000 BC. It discusses early human societies such as nomadic hunter-gatherer bands and the Neolithic Revolution around 10,000 BC when humans transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle, domesticating plants and animals. Key developments during this period included the rise of sedentary settlements and the emergence of the first civilizations along major river valleys in the Middle East.
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3) Indo-European peoples like the Aryans migrated to India and established Vedic
Week 2 (Mesopotamia)
The document summarizes the emergence of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, specifically Sumer, between 8000-2000 BC. Key points include:
- Sumer was one of the earliest civilizations, centered around urban settlements along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia.
- Sumerian cities developed distinct social, political, religious, and economic structures, including the earliest system of writing known as cuneiform.
- Favorable environmental conditions like flooding of the rivers and deposition of silt encouraged the rise of agriculture and larger, permanent cities in Mesopotamia during this period.
Week 3 (Egypt)
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian history from c. 3000 BC to the Roman conquest in 33 BC. It outlines the major historical periods and dynasties, important pharaohs such as Narmer, Djoser, Snefru, Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure, Hatshepsut, Ramses II, Akhenaten, and Tutankhamen. It also describes key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization like the geography of Egypt, hieroglyphics, monumental architecture including pyramids and temples, burial practices, religion, and mummification. The document uses images to illustrate important sites, artifacts, and figures from ancient Egypt.
Week 2 (Rivers)
This document provides an overview of early civilizations that emerged around river valleys between 4000-2000 BC. It discusses the rise of urban centers in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley that were supported by agriculture along major rivers. These early civilizations exhibited distinct social hierarchies, religious structures, and the development of writing systems like cuneiform. Specific examples are given of early Sumerian city-states like Uruk and Ur that built ziggurats and established dynasties during the Bronze Age. The document also notes the later Akkadian Empire that expanded territorial rule across Mesopotamia under rulers like Sargon and Naram-Sin.
Week 13 (The Early Middle Ages)
The document provides an overview of the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new political entities in Europe between 200-1000 AD. It discusses the decline of the Roman Empire, the establishment of the Byzantine Empire, the spread of Islam and the Arab Caliphate, and the emergence of new Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne. The period saw the transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages in Europe and the rise of new religious and political forces like Christianity, Islam, and decentralized feudal rule.
Week 15 (The High Middle Ages)
The document summarizes key developments during the High Middle Ages from 900-1300 AD. It discusses the Cluny Reforms that revitalized the Catholic Church, the Crusades launched to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule, and the rise of feudalism and manorialism in medieval Europe. It also describes the growth of towns, trade, and intellectual centers, as well as the establishment of universities and the flourishing of Gothic cathedrals, scholasticism, and courtly love in medieval culture.
Week 13 (The Middle Ages)
This document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from 500-1200 AD. It discusses the political developments in England including the rule of Alfred the Great, William the Conqueror, and the establishment of common law. It also summarizes the Cluny Reforms in the Catholic Church, the East-West Schism, and Urban II's call for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095 to retake the Holy Land. The Crusades lasted into the late 13th century and involved conflicts between Christians, Muslims, and Byzantines over control of religious sites. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system during this period.
Week 12 (After Rome)
The document summarizes major developments in Europe and the Middle East between 500-1000 AD. It discusses the Byzantine Empire under Justinian, the rise of Islam and the Arab conquests under Muhammad, and the Carolingian Empire in the West under Charlemagne. It also notes later invasions by Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims from the 9th-10th centuries. The period saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire, rise of Byzantium and Islamic caliphates, and establishment of new political entities in post-Roman Europe.
Week 7 (Imperialism)
This document provides an overview of the period from the 1840s to World War II, focusing on imperialism, late 19th century culture, World War I, and the interwar years. It includes summaries of key events like the Opium Wars, the Scramble for Africa, and World War I. It also examines factors that contributed to imperialism like technology, economics, racism, and the idea of a "civilizing mission". The document uses quotes, maps, photographs and videos to illustrate these topics.
Week 13 (The 19th Century)
The document provides an overview of major events and developments in the 19th century, including revolutions in Haiti, Latin America, and China; the Industrial Revolution and associated economic changes; nationalist movements; religious revivals; imperialism in Asia and Africa; and conflicts such as the American Civil War and Taiping Rebellion. Key figures and their contributions are also mentioned, along with the social and economic impacts of industrialization.
Week 11 (Revolutions)
This document provides an overview of political and cultural developments in Europe and the Americas between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. It discusses the rise of absolutism and the construction of grand palaces like Versailles to consolidate royal power. It then covers the prosperity of the 18th century led by trade, the ideas of the Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions that overthrew the old monarchical order. The document concludes with a discussion of Napoleon's rule in France and the spread of revolutionary ideals to other parts of the world.
Week 12 (The Medieval Church)
This document provides an overview of the Medieval Christian Church between 500-1200 AD, including:
1) Key events and figures in England like Alfred the Great and the Norman invasion of 1066.
2) Religious reforms like the Cluny reforms which fought simony and increased papal authority under figures like Gregory VII.
3) The Crusades which were called to help the Byzantine Empire against the Turks and recapture the Holy Land, beginning with Urban II's speech at Clermont in 1095 and resulting in the capture of Jerusalem in 1099.
4) Medieval culture developed under the influence of Crusading which mixed Frankish, Islamic, and Byzantine influences and led to
Week 13 (The HIgh Middle Ages)
The document summarizes the key events and developments of the High Middle Ages from 1000-1300 AD. During this time, feudalism dominated politics and society in Europe. The feudal system organized people into classes of lords, vassals, and peasants. The Catholic Church also greatly influenced medieval culture and politics. Other major developments included the rise of medieval universities, the conflict between kings and popes, the Black Death pandemic, and the growth of trade along routes like the Silk Road.
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Week 1 (The Stone Age and Early Civilization)
- 1. Course Introduction; The Stone Age and Early Civilization Week 1
- 2. Overview • Syllabus • Why Study History? • Old and New Stone Age • Civilization • Mesopotamia • Homework (textbook): – Preface – Prologue – Ch. 1 Discussion at the University of Paris
- 4. “I would tell you that no matter what you’re going to go into, whether it be business or politics or international relations or domestic politics, I don’t think you can go wrong if you maintain an avid interest in history. The reason I say that is you’ll find that really, there’s nothing new under the sun, other than some of the technology we use. The human condition, the aspirations, the dreams, the problems that are associated with being social animals, not being a hermit and living alone, but having to interact with others, whether it be your local school district, your community, your state, your county, your national, your international relations, history will show you not all the answers,
- 5. “but it’ll tell you a lot of the questions to ask and furthermore, it will show you how other people have dealt successfully or unsuccessfully with similar type issues. I wish now looking back on it, if I’d known what waited for me in life, I would have put a lot more attention into history.” U.S. Secretary of Defense James Mattis June 20, 2017
- 6. Intro to History 101 • What is “history”? • Herodotus, “The Father of History” • “Inquiry” • Texts • Narrative • Primary sources vs. secondary sources • What is “the West”? Herodotus (484-425 BC), Austrian Parliament, 19th Century
- 7. The Stone Age and Civilization (The Ruins of Uruk)
- 8. Chronology • BP - "Before Present", usually used for prehistoric dates by anthropologists • BC/AD - "Before Christ" and "Anno Domini (In the Year of Our Lord)", traditional dating of history roughly based on Jesus Christ's birth • BCE/CE - "Before the Common Era" and "Common Era", same system as above, secular The Chauvet Cave, France, 30,000 – 28,000 BC
- 9. Earliest Humans • Hominids: 3-4 Mil years BP • Discovery of Fire: 500,000 BP • Earliest homo sapiens: 250,000 BP • Anatomically Modern Humans: 200,000-150,000 BP – Homo sapiens sapiens • AMH leave Africa: 70,000 BP • Last Ice Age:70,000-10,000 BP • Neanderthals die out: 30,000 BP Olduvai Handaxe, 1.2 mil years BP, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
- 10. Spread of Homo Sapiens
- 11. Early Human Societies • Paleolithic Age – c. 2.5 mil. BP – 10,000 BP • Nomadic Bands • Hunter-gatherers • Kinship mode of production • Ownership • Egalitarian • Religion Venus of Willendorf, 30,000-26,000 BP
- 12. The Neolithic Revolution • The Neolithic Age – c. 10,000 – 4000 B.C. • Tools – Obsidian, copper • Agricultural Revolution – Domestication – Sedentarization • Hierarchy • Tributary mode of production • The Sexes Ain Ghazal, c. 6500 BC
- 13. Domestication
- 14. Domestication
- 16. Neolithic Sites in the Near East and Europe
- 17. Çatal Höyük, Turkey, c. 6000 BC
- 19. Çatal Höyük, Turkey, c. 6000 BC
- 20. Ain Ghazal, c. 7200 BC
- 21. Choirokoitia, Cyprus, c. 6000 BC
- 22. Civilization • Urban focus • Distinct religious structure • Political and military structures • Social structure based on economic power • Writing • Artistic and intellectual activity Göbekli Tepe, c. 9000 BC
- 23. Archaeological Periods • Tools and Weapons • Paleolithic Age, (c. 2.5 mil years ago – 10,000 BP) • Neolithic Age (c. 10,000 – 4000 B.C.) • Bronze Age (4000 – 1000 BC) – Copper + Tin – Trade • Iron Age (1000 BC – Middle Ages) – Technology
- 24. River Valleys • Agriculture • Flooding • Silt • Irrigation • Hierarchy • Tributary Mode of Production