Web Game Development
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This document discusses web game development. It defines games and outlines their key characteristics and classifications. It also covers game development aspects like gameplay, characters, levels, and use of artificial intelligence. Game production involves subsystems like graphics, sound, and networking. Game architecture may involve a single-threaded or multi-threaded kernel, and a client-server model for multiplayer games. Resources for learning web game development are also provided.
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Web Game Development
- 1. Dr. Sabin Buraga Faculty of Computer Science, “A. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania www.purl.org/net/busaco Web Game Development ♞
- 2. activity or contest governed by rules ♞ game definition
- 3. activity or contest governed by rules people engage in games for recreation and to develop mental or physical skills ludology ♞ game definition
- 4. “A game is an activity among two or more independent decision-makers seeking to achieve their objectives in some limiting context.” Clark C. Abt ♞ game definition
- 5. “A game is a form of art in which participants, termed players, make decisions in order to manage resources through game tokens in the pursuit of a goal.” Greg Costikyan ♞ game definition
- 6. “A game is a system in which players engage in an artificial conflict, defined by rules, that results in a quantifiable outcome.” Katie Salen & Eric Zimmerman ♞ game definition
- 8. “Game design is the process by which a game designer creates a game, to be encountered by a player, from which meaningful play emerges.” Katie Salen & Eric Zimmerman ♞ game design
- 10. ♞ game classification number of players solitary games versus group (team) games
- 11. ♞ game classification goal gain (gambling) skills achievement strategy
- 12. ♞ game classification theme racing, deduction, sports, action, language games,…
- 14. ♞ game classification player category children youngsters adults elderly people having special needs
- 15. ♞ game classification strategy board games tokens are placed/moved to capture those of the opponent(s) or to accomplish other goals: to gain a territory, to tile or align tokens Chess, Domino, Go, Monopoly, etc.
- 16. ♞ game classification role-playing games each user is playing a character role having distinct properties (attributes) eventually, a main player – called game-master – could exists to guide users through the game
- 17. ♞ game other classic types card games: Bridge, Hearts, Poker, Whist,… chance games: Bingo, Lottery, Roulette, etc. dice games paper & pencil – e.g., Tic-tac-toe puzzles target games: Bowling, Darts, Paintball,… tile games – Mah Jongg serious games
- 18. ♞ electronic game based on an electronic device – arcade machine, handheld device, TV-connected system, computer,… – able to facilitate the interaction between user(s) and software game(s) having human or computer-generated opponents
- 20. ♞ electronic game arcade games video games computer games console games online games Web games
- 21. ♞ electronic game action lots of frantic button pushing adventure the story matters strategy non-trivial choices simulation optimization exercises puzzle hard analytic thinking amusement software you just have fun with educational learning by doing Andrew Rollings & Dave Morris
- 22. mobile game game play turn-based real-time scenario-based connectivity permanent partial not required genre arcade jump & run shooting puzzle fight racing simulation construction history flight strategy turn-based real-time hybridRPG Hojin Cho & Jin-Seok Yang
- 23. mobile game♞ CityQuest – an Imagine Cup 2012 Game Design Finalist (Victor Porof & Alecsandru Grigoriu) www.youtube.com/watch?v=l33obYYtpPQ
- 24. game development …so, I want to be a (Web) game developer! What I must know?
- 25. game development game experience physical reaction (perception, motor responses) user focusgame flow core mechanic narration player roles
- 26. game development game play depends on narrative elements (premise, back-story, synopsis, theme, setting, plot, conflict, realism,…) Jeannie Novak
- 27. game development game play rules implicit or explicit victory/loss conditions
- 28. game development challenges explicit vs. implicit perfect informationlogical challenges versus imperfect informationdeductions (inferences)
- 29. game development challenges pattern recognition & matching spatial awareness micro-management (+game economy) reaction time
- 31. game development game characters playable characters versus non-playable characters (NPCs)
- 32. game development classical archetypes hero, shadow, mentor, allies, guardian, trickster, herald Jeannie Novak
- 33. game development other archetypes protagonist, antagonist, transformational, mistaken, exaggerated, supporting characters Jeannie Novak
- 35. game development points-of-view (POV) first-person POV versus third-person POV
- 36. game development game character design visual design verbal design character movement (+animation) social & cultural aspects naming
- 37. game development sprite-based animation (a well-known technique used in the Web game context)
- 38. game development 3D modeling of a guardian character (requires important computational resources)
- 39. game development game level design games could provide various grade of difficulties or levels adjusted conforming to the user’s abilities
- 40. game development game level design key ingredients: action, exploring, resolving a “mystery” (puzzle), storytelling, esthetics generic approach vs. special cases
- 41. game development each scene of Angry Birds Rio for iPad represents a “special case” of level design
- 42. game development level structure goal, flow, duration, availability, development,… time authentic, limited, variable, user-defined, altered location perspective & camera, terrains & materials, luminosity, effects, dimension, boundaries, realism, style
- 43. game development using artificial intelligence (AI) “AI is the application of simulated reasoning for the purposes of making informed decisions and solving problems.” Brian Hall
- 44. game development using artificial intelligence (AI) AI being intelligent vs. AI appearing intelligent if it looks smart, it is smart
- 45. game development using artificial intelligence (AI) challenge the player modeling NPC behavior (not do dumb things) performing random actions (be unpredictable) giving support for storytelling assuring credibility (create a living world)
- 46. classification neuronal nets, fuzzy logics, etc. biologic system simulation (life systems) genetic / systolic algorithms, swarm particle optimization,… path finding BFS, DFS, Dijkstra, heuristics – e.g., A* method decision making processes automata, decision trees, rule-based systems,… artificial intelligence
- 48. game keywords narration multiplayer physics inventory design multiplatform component reward simulation vocal talents story speed avatar builder flocking adventure FPS trade-off UX stripe rules conflict theme map requirements conquest sound engine NPC scripting antagonist strategy static balance variable time patterns creative design Internet connectivity power consumption game framework 2D / 3D graphics optimization modeling security interaction engineering level template casual game testing database immersion ♞
- 49. game team game creative design vs. game software design www.mobilegamearch.eu ♞
- 50. game production John P. Flynt & Omar Salem ♞
- 51. game main sub-systems User interface Bidirectional event handler Data engine (graphics, level, miscellaneous data) Dynamics system (collisions & general physics) Logic engine (the heart of the game) Graphics engine Sound engine Hardware abstraction layers (interfaces with graphics, sound & controller hardware) Andrew Rollings & Dave Morris ♞
- 52. game secondary sub-systems Game configuration system Menu system Online instructions and help system Music system Andrew Rollings & Dave Morris ♞
- 53. game architecture B. Lau et al. ♞
- 54. game architecture ♞ game kernel available on client-side only – e.g., Web browser
- 55. game architecture ♞ game kernel available on client-side only – e.g., Web browser single-threaded, monolithic multi-threaded, co-operative/pre-emptive (for example, using WebWorkers)
- 56. game architecture ♞ game kernel available on client-side only – e.g., Web browser typical case: single-player casual games
- 57. game architecture ♞ // main loop of a Web game while (true) { // gathering data from user, device, Internet,... input_data_from_user_and_network (); // updating the game general state // (performing a simulation of its world), // plus checking the victory/loss conditions simulate_game_world (); // rendering 2D/3D visual content render_content (); // generating sound effects according to current state generate_sound_effects (); }
- 58. game architecture ♞ game kernel using a client-server approach (a)synchronous communications via Ajax/Comet, server-side events, WebRTC,…
- 59. game architecture ♞ game kernel using a client-server approach examples: multi-user games, including MMORPGs
- 60. game architecture ♞ game kernel adopting parallel computing using divide-et-impera techniques for various tasks (for example, AI or animation)
- 62. M. Zamith et al. main loop of a game running on a networked platform (e.g., cloud)
- 63. AI Renderer 3D Player Model Sound audio Resource Loader Player View Queue Façade Resources conceptual architecture of a game engine based on Jeff Ward NPC Model Externals Model Internals ModelInternals View Externals View NPC View 2D Input user device network
- 64. interacting with the user receiving events on data transfer via network/Web updating the game state and generating a frame of graphical content eventually, creating sound effects game main loop
- 65. interacting with the user receiving events on data transfer via network/Web updating the game state and generating a frame of graphical content eventually, creating sound effects game main loop mouse/keyboard/touch via DOM + APIs Ajax, notifications, WebSockets, WebRTC classic JavaScript, WebWorkers,… DOM, <canvas>, <video>, SVG, WebGL,… <audio>, WebAudio API
- 66. game architecture other aspects of interest: application initialization & termination high-level management of the game state game flow control updating main/secondary sub-systems
- 67. high-level game logic game engine additional components (game frameworks & libraries) rendering engine audio engine 2D/3D graphics libraries low-level sound libraries interaction I/O game runtime – Web browser infrastructure – cloud, virtual machine, OS, hardware
- 68. game resources …oh, so many things to learn! Several interesting Websites & tools?
- 72. profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/teach/courses/cliw/web-film.html Web game computing lectures – Client-side Web App Development course, Faculty of Computer Science, UAIC Iasi
- 77. Web Game Development Dr. Sabin Buraga Faculty of Computer Science, “A. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania www.purl.org/net/busaco ♞