Web Fundamentals And Html Chapter 1

WEB FUNDAMENTALS AND HTML Chapter 1

INTRODUCING THE WORLD WIDE WEB Internet – is a structure made up of million of interconnected computers whose users can communicate with each other and share information. Network – computers that are linked together

WORLD WIDE WEB - also known as the WWW or the Web - is an organization of files designed around a group of servers on the Internet programmed to handle requests from browser software on users’ PC’s. - is the fastest growing , most commercially popular technology to date. TIM BERNERS-LEE – a programmer who wrote a program called a hypertext editor. Hypertext document – an electronic file that contains elements that you can select, usually by clicking a mouse, to open another document .

Web sites – a representation of a company’s product or services available for display via the Web. Webmaster – a person who is skilled in Web design, Web maintenance and Web upgrade. Browser – a program designed to search for and bring in Internet resources. Plug-in – specialized program designed to enhance a function.

Web server – is the computer that stores the web document that users access. Web browser – is the software program that accesses the web document and displays it contents on the user’s computer Hypertext Markup Language – the language of the Web Standard Generalized Markup Language – SGML is one example of a more general mark up language

Versions of HTML HTML 0.0 – the original version developed by Tim Berners Lee and other researcher at CERN. It has long been supplanted by the succeeding versions of HTML HTML 1.0 – the first public version of HTML, which included support for inline images and text controls. Some browsers, most notably the text-based Lynx browser used on the UNIX system, operates at the 1.0 level

HTML 2.0 - the version supported by all graphical browsers including Netscape Navigator, Mosaic and Internet Explorer. It supported interactive form elements such as option buttons and text boxes. A document written to follow 2.0 specification would be readable by most browser on the Internet. HTML 3.2 – this version is also referred to as HTML+. It includes more support for creating and formatting tables and expands the option for creating interactive elements. It also allows for the creation of complex mathematical equations.

HTML SYNTAX Syntax – a grammar or set of rules under which HTML operates Two Elements of HTML document Document contents – part of the document that you want the user to see, such as text and graphics Tags – are HTML codes that indicate the document content

< > - identification of tag name Classification of Tag Two sided tags Opening tag – the first tag, which tells the browser to turn on the feature and apply it to document content that follows. Closing tag – which turns off the feature </> - symbol to close the tag One sided tag – also known as single tag Properties – additional information placed within the bracket that defines the tag’s appearance.

CREATING A WEB PAGE Starting a Word Processor 1. Before you can begin, you’ll need to choose a program to use to create your HTML documents. 2. Any word processor will work 3. WordPad is a good starting point if you’re not sure which program to use 4. Your Task: Start WordPad

The Empty Word Processing Document

All HTML Documents Have the Same Structure <HTML> T The first 6 tags are always the same in basic HTML document. Also known as HTML Headings . <TITLE> Online Resume </TITLE> </HEAD> D> <HEAD> </HTML> </HTML> IINTRODUCTION TO HTML <TITLE>

Parts of Web Page HTML - tags indicate codes is written in HTML <HTML> </HTML> 2. Head – surround information about web page - Info about the document Info in header not generally rendered in display window <Head> </Head> 3. Title – tags identify title. It usually appears on the title bar - name of your Web page <Title> </Title>

4. Body – tags surround the portion of the document that appears in the browser - Page content - Includes text, images, links, forms, etc. - Elements include backgrounds, link colors and font faces <Body> </Body>

Common Body Tags/Syntax in Creating a Web Page

Creating Heading Tags HTML has 6 levels of heading which arrange from biggest to smallest size <H1> My Resume </H1> <H2> My Resume </H2> <H3> My Resume </H3> <H4> My Resume </H4> <H5> My Resume </H5> <H6> My Resume </H6>

CREATING HEADING TAGS Headings <H1...H6> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Online Resume</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>My Resume</H1> <H2>My Resume</H2> <H3>My Resume</H3> <H4>My Resume</H4> <H5>My Resume</H5> <H6>My Resume</H6> </BODY> </HTML>

Entering Paragraph Text <p> - P element forms a paragraph, blank line before and after - adds an extra line before text to separate it from any text that proceeds it. </p> to close the paragraph tag

HTML Line Breaks Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph: The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag. <br> or <br />

Saving a new HTML Document 1. Pull down the File menu and select s ave As 2. You will now see the Save As dialog box 3. Once you’ve determined the location for the file, you will need to give the file name. There are some rules to follow when naming HTML files: No spaces, and special characters a (é,%,#....) No very long name Generally, keep the file names all lower case. All file names must end with the extension of .htm or html

After Saving the Document, you should see the name of the document at the top of your WordPad window In this case, the file is called index. You will not see the extension of .html and that is to be expected.

Previewing a Local HTML Document Go to the local folder and double clic on the index.htm file This will open the index.htm in your default internet bowser ( Netscape or MS internet explorer )

Background Colors <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Backgrounds</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#0000FF"> This page has a blue background. <P> </BODY> </HTML>

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Character Formatting <CENTER>Centering</CENTER> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>The Moroccan NODC, Rabat</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER> <H1>Welcome to The Moroccan National Oceanographic Data Center – Odinafrica - Rabat </H1> </CENTER> </BODY> </HTML> INTRODUCTION TO HTML

Character Formatting <B> Bold </B> & <I> Italics </I> <BR> - The Break Tag <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>The Moroccan NODC, Rabat</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER> <H1>Welcome to The Moroccan National Oceanographic Data Center – Odinafrica - Rabat </H1> </CENTER> </BODY> </HTML> <H3>Contact Information</H3> <B>CNDIO Maroc</B><BR> PO Box 1014-Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat Maroc <BR> Téléphone : (212). 37. 67. 59. 09 <BR> Fax : (212). 37 67 59 09 <BR> INTRODUCTION TO HTML

FORMATTING TEXT WITH <FONT> FONT element Add color and formatting to text FONT attributes: COLOR Preset or hex color code Value in quotation marks Note: you can set font color for whole document using TEXT attribute in BODY element

FORMATTING TEXT WITH <FONT> SIZE To make text larger, set SIZE = “+ x ” To make text smaller, set SIZE = “- x ” x is the number of font point sizes FACE Font of the text you are formatting Be careful to use common fonts like Times, Arial, Courier and Helvetica Browser will display default if unable to display specified font Example <FONT COLOR = “red” SIZE = “+1” FACE = “Arial”> … </FONT>

SPECIAL CHARACTERS, HORIZONTAL RULES AND MORE LINE BREAKS Special characters Inserted in code form Format always & code ; Ex. & Insert an ampersand Codes often abbreviated forms of the character Codes can be in hex form Ex. & to insert an ampersand Strikethrough with DEL element Superscript: SUP element Subscript: SUB element

TEXT STYLING Underline style <U> … </U> Align elements with ALIGN attribute right , left or center Close nested tags in the reverse order from which they were opened Emphasis (italics) style <EM> … </EM> Strong (bold) style <STRONG> … </STRONG> <B> and <I> tags deprecated Overstep boundary between content and presentation

Character Formatting <CENTER>Centering</CENTER> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>The Moroccan NODC, Rabat</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER> <H1>Welcome to The Moroccan National Oceanographic Data Center – Odinafrica - Rabat </H1> </CENTER> </BODY> </HTML>

Attribute Example Purpose size="number" size="2" Defines the font size size="+number" size="+1" Increases the font size size="-number" size="-1" Decreases the font size face="face-name" face="Times" Defines the font-name color="color-value" color="#eeff00" Defines the font color color="color-name" color="red" Defines the font color

HTML Rules (Lines) The <hr /> tag is used to create an horizontal rule (line). Example <p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p>

Horizontal rule <HR> tag Inserts a line break directly below it HR attributes: WIDTH Adjusts the width of the rule Either a number (in pixels) or a percentage SIZE Determines the height of the horizontal rule In pixels ALIGN Either left , right or center NOSHADE Eliminates default shading effect and displays horizontal rule as a solid-color bar

Text Styling Underline style <U> … </U> Align elements with ALIGN attribute right , left or center Close nested tags in the reverse order from which they were opened Emphasis (italics) style <EM> … </EM> Strong (bold) style <STRONG> … </STRONG> <B> and <I> tags deprecated Overstep boundary between content and presentation

Three Kinds of lists 1. Ordered list – is a list in numeric order <OL> - ordered list </OL> <LI> - list items Unordered list – is one in which list items have no particular order <UL> - unordered list </UL> <LI> - list items Definition list – is a list of terms, each followed by a definition line, usually indented slightly to the right. <DL> - definition list </DL> <DT>- tag used for each term in the list <DD> - tag used for each term’s definition

Two graphic types of inline images Inline Graphics – appear directly on the web page. GIF - Graphics Interchange Format – common JPEG – Joint Photographic Expert Group – need to convert External Image – not displayed with the web page, need a file viewer to display.

Destination – a hypertext document contains links that you can select, usually by clicking a mouse, to instantly view another topic or document. Creating Anchors <A> - tag creates an anchor, text that is specially marked so you can link to it from other points in the document. <A Name = “EMP”>Employment</A> <Name = “PHOTO”>IMG SRC=“Taylor.gif></A>

<A HREF = “EMP”> EMPLOYMENT</A> Link tags – tags that create links HREF – Hypertext REFerence - refer to an anchor that you place in the document. “ #anchor_name” refers to that anchor with a pound (#)symbol.

Attributes: SRC = “location” HEIGHT (in pixels) WIDTH (in pixels) BORDER (black by default) ALT (text description for browsers that have images turned off or cannot view images)

Designing a Web Page with Tables Two ways to insert table on a web page Text table – it contains only text, evenly spaced out on the page in row and columns

System – is a set of pages, usually created by the same person or group, that treat the same topic and that have the same loo

Web Fundamentals And Html Chapter 1

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Web Fundamentals And Html Chapter 1