The climate resilient agriculture for rainfed and dryland farming is need of the hour. This discus the options of climate adapted agricultural technologies.
The climate resilient agriculture for rainfed and dryland farming is need of the hour. This discus the options of climate adapted agricultural technologies.
Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.
Soil is one of the most important water storage in nature.
Water content in the soil is very significant parameter of water regime of the country which significantly depends on soil area and quality of soil. Lower acreage of soil and lower soil quality lead to less water content in the country and vice versa.
Human activities (agriculture, forest management, soil sealing) are still important factors of water regimes of land.
Mainly agriculture drives the soil water regime from positive or negative points of view.
Long-term sustainability of agricultural systems requires that soils stay productive and that necessary inputs remain available in the future
- Soil loss occurs more rapidly than soil creation in many agricultural landscapes, and the soil that remains declines in quality
- One-way fertilizer nutrient flows simultaneously cause pollution and scarcity
- E.g., Phosphorus: essential plant nutrient; expected to become increasingly expensive to mine and process; at the same time, P runoff causes eutrophication of water bodies.
Best Practices In Land And Water ManagementJosé Jump
Government organizations need to serve farmer clients in more interdisciplinary and participatory ways
Re-orient agriculture and rural development programmes to promote and nurture active participation of farmers and their organizations
Target the production chain: GAP-LWM productivity + food quality markets health and nutrition
Participatory research and support services to facilitate transition from conventional agriculture to GAP-LWM
Restructure inappropriate macro-economic and agricultural policies
Adopt policies that promote and enforce sustainable and productive land and water use through GAP protocols
Protect the integrity of agricultural families – land tenure, build on indigenous knowledge, promote youth in agriculture, reduce labour/drudgery
Adjust legislation to facilitate initiatives of local groups adopting GAP (help meet their needs)
CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMsubhashB10
In this presentation you will come to know about the CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM. That is:
DEFINITION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON IT.
And also you will come to know about the use of alternate land use system in different aspects in agricultural sector.
Soil conservation practices can reduce soil erosion caused by flooding, wind and other agents. As well soil conservation practices restore fertility, fauna and flora and reduce contamination caused by chemicals...
Compacted Soil, Reduced air permeability.
• Reduced water infiltration.
• Restricted plant root growth.
• Restricted accessibility of nutrients due to the increase in bulk density and reduced soil pore size.
• Dry topsoil.
• Reduced soil pore size.
• Decreased oxygen diffusion causing anaerobic conditions in the soil.
• Increased soil water saturation.
• Increased denitrification processes in the soil which leads to increased N2O emission, decreased
available nitrogen in the soil, and reduced efficiency of nitrogen usage by crops which further lead
to an increase of fertilizer use.
• Reduced soil aeration.
• Reduced microbial biomass.
• Reduced number of macrofauna like Earthworm due to the reduction of large pores.
• Reduced crop yield,Causes,Management
Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.
Soil is one of the most important water storage in nature.
Water content in the soil is very significant parameter of water regime of the country which significantly depends on soil area and quality of soil. Lower acreage of soil and lower soil quality lead to less water content in the country and vice versa.
Human activities (agriculture, forest management, soil sealing) are still important factors of water regimes of land.
Mainly agriculture drives the soil water regime from positive or negative points of view.
Long-term sustainability of agricultural systems requires that soils stay productive and that necessary inputs remain available in the future
- Soil loss occurs more rapidly than soil creation in many agricultural landscapes, and the soil that remains declines in quality
- One-way fertilizer nutrient flows simultaneously cause pollution and scarcity
- E.g., Phosphorus: essential plant nutrient; expected to become increasingly expensive to mine and process; at the same time, P runoff causes eutrophication of water bodies.
Best Practices In Land And Water ManagementJosé Jump
Government organizations need to serve farmer clients in more interdisciplinary and participatory ways
Re-orient agriculture and rural development programmes to promote and nurture active participation of farmers and their organizations
Target the production chain: GAP-LWM productivity + food quality markets health and nutrition
Participatory research and support services to facilitate transition from conventional agriculture to GAP-LWM
Restructure inappropriate macro-economic and agricultural policies
Adopt policies that promote and enforce sustainable and productive land and water use through GAP protocols
Protect the integrity of agricultural families – land tenure, build on indigenous knowledge, promote youth in agriculture, reduce labour/drudgery
Adjust legislation to facilitate initiatives of local groups adopting GAP (help meet their needs)
CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMsubhashB10
In this presentation you will come to know about the CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM. That is:
DEFINITION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON IT.
And also you will come to know about the use of alternate land use system in different aspects in agricultural sector.
Soil conservation practices can reduce soil erosion caused by flooding, wind and other agents. As well soil conservation practices restore fertility, fauna and flora and reduce contamination caused by chemicals...
Compacted Soil, Reduced air permeability.
• Reduced water infiltration.
• Restricted plant root growth.
• Restricted accessibility of nutrients due to the increase in bulk density and reduced soil pore size.
• Dry topsoil.
• Reduced soil pore size.
• Decreased oxygen diffusion causing anaerobic conditions in the soil.
• Increased soil water saturation.
• Increased denitrification processes in the soil which leads to increased N2O emission, decreased
available nitrogen in the soil, and reduced efficiency of nitrogen usage by crops which further lead
to an increase of fertilizer use.
• Reduced soil aeration.
• Reduced microbial biomass.
• Reduced number of macrofauna like Earthworm due to the reduction of large pores.
• Reduced crop yield,Causes,Management
Mike McGahuey, Natural Resources Management Specialist, USAID
Presentation from March 1, 2012 discussion on experiences in the Sahel using Climate Smart Agriculture to increase productivity and resiliency including lessons learned from farmer innovations and observed landscape transformations in Niger, Burkina Faso & Mali.
FInd out more at http://www.wri.org/event/2012/03/building-climate-smart-agriculture-and-resiliency-sahel
This presentation by EcoAgriculture Partners' Seth Shames explores a policy approach to building collaborative landscape management systems in Kenya at the Landscapes For People, Food, and Nature in Africa conference in Nairobi (#LPFNinAfrica).
Building Climate Smart Agriculture in the Sahel (Africa's Drylands)
Presentation from March 1, 2012 discussion on experiences in the Sahel using Climate Smart Agriculture to increase productivity and resiliency including lessons learned from farmer innovations and observed landscape transformations in Niger, Burkina Faso & Mali.
FInd out more at http://www.wri.org/event/2012/03/building-climate-smart-agriculture-and-resiliency-sahel
This presentation by EcoAgriculture Partners' Krista Heiner explores the roles of different actors in building public policy for integrated landscape management during the Landscape for People, Food, and Nature conference in Nairobi, Kenya.
Presentation from March 1, 2012 discussion on experiences in the Sahel using Climate Smart Agriculture to increase productivity and resiliency including lessons learned from farmer innovations and observed landscape transformations in Niger, Burkina Faso & Mali.
FInd out more at http://www.wri.org/event/2012/03/building-climate-smart-agriculture-and-resiliency-sahel
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production system that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while conserving the environment.
It is based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention, and crop rotations, has been proposed as an alternative system combining benefits for the farmer with advantages for the society.
Conservation Agriculture remains an important technology that improves soil processes, controls soil erosion and reduces production cost.
It's overall concept of conservation agriculture.
How it is sustainable for our natural agriculture resource it tell us with also economic benefits.
If you like my efforts in this then like .
DHANYAVAD
Shortcomings with long practiced intensive tillage such as loss of soil organic matter, decline in soil productivity, subsurface soil compaction, high fuel expenditures and increased cost of cultivation led to discovery of alternate options and embarked the idea of conservation tillage. Tillage practices that are defined by the per cent of residue cover left on the soil surface with minimized frequency or intensity of tillage operations are categorized under conservation tillage. These are aimed to reduce erosion by protecting the soil surface and thereby promoting economic and environmental benefits. Impact of conservation tillage is a function of duration and therefore long term investigations of conservation tillage serve as reliable source to study different crop, soil and cultivation parameters.
Conservation tillage and problem of residue management under rice based cropping system has been much talked about. However, maize being one of the most promising crops in changing climatic conditions; was less emphasized by conservationists. Maize is an erosion permitting crop and further conventional tillage in maize based cropping system enhances soil degradation, which is followed by accelerated rate of erosion and increased loss of nutrients. Lower economic returns from maize based cropping system due to higher costs involved in tillage operations is another major issue. Intensive tillage escalates the rate of oxidation of organic matter by opening the plough layer which decreases the soil organic carbon and ultimately results into degraded soil biological health. Conventional tillage in maize based cropping systems leads to persistence of particular weed flora, poor aggregate stability, development of hard pan which also creates problem of water logging in cases of poor drainage facility under maize based systems. Therefore, tillage practices needs some modifications to arrest such deteriorations that necessitated the concepts of conservation tillage.
Minimum risk of soil erosion, enhanced soil quality has been observed with conservation tillage besides showing enhanced macro and micro nutrient concentration in soil under maize based cropping system. Adoption of conservation tillage in maize based cropping system has promised to increase system productivity and maize yield by 23% in light textured soil . Higher net return by 6000-10,000 Rs/ha and 4-5% increase in energy efficiency are promised under conservation tillage. Therefore, energetic and economics of conservation tillage was significantly better than conventional tillage for maize based cropping system . Conservation tillage improves soil structure and enhances soil aggregation stability which enhances infiltration rate of soil. Soil water storage increased by about 3-12% under conservation tillage ultimately increases water productivity by 25 percent.
The mechanical measures of soil conservation include various engineering techniques and structures which are adopted to supplement the biological methods when the latter alone are not sufficiently effective. These are also called as engineering measures.
Watershed Management for Sustainable Development of Rainfed areasAntaraPramanik
Development of watershed is one of the most trusted and eco-friendly approach to manage rainwater and other natural resources, which has paid rich dividends in the rainfed areas and is capable of addressing many natural, social and environmental issues. (Wani et al., 2003).
Over 120 million ha land area has been declared degraded (Maji et al., 2007) in India.
The annual soil loss rate in India is nearly 16.4 t/ha (Mandal and Sharda, 2013).
The loss of sediments caused by soil erosion not only deteriorates the quality of surface water, nearby water bodies, and wetlands but also reduces the productivity of agricultural land (Issaka and Ashraf, 2017).
Watershed technology is suitable to protect and enhance soil fertility, which is deteriorating at an alarming rate with agricultural intensification. A vast range of activities of every day life depends upon adequate supplies of water. For e.g. Agriculture and Industry, power production, inland transportation, sanitation and public health services and so on.
Therefore to provide all these activities construction of watershed and manage is essential.
Fast deterioration of natural resources is one of the key issues, threatening sustainable development of rainfed agriculture as most rainfed regions are facing multifaceted problems of land degradation, water shortage, acute poverty, and escalating population pressure.
Poor watershed management is a major cause of land and water degradation, rural poverty in India.
The management of watershed provides a means to achieve sustainable land and water management.
Improved and appropriate soil and water management practices are most important for sustainable and improved livelihoods in the rainfed areas because other technological interventions such as improved varieties, fertilizers, etc. are generally not so effective where soil is degraded and water is severely limited.
10. Reduced ploughing with disc-plough to twice instead of 3-5 times per year to maintain soil structure, increase organic matter content and reduce erosion Reduced tillage (dryland cereals, Guadelentin, Spain)
11. A crop grown to be ploughed into the ground to increase organic matter content, thereby improving fertility and reducing erodibility Green manure (dryland almond, Guadelentin, Spain)
12. Spreading of organic (or other) materials on the surface of the soil to reduce moisture loss, reduce erosion, inhibit weed growth Straw mulch (dryland almond, Guadelentin, Spain)
13. Collection and concentration of rainfall to make it available for agricultural or domestic uses in dry areas where moisture deficit is the primary limiting factor Traditional water harvesting (Boqueras) (dryland almond, Guadelentin, Spain)
14. Controlled burn to reduce fuel build-up and decrease the likelihood of serious hotter fires Prescribed fire (extensive grazing, Góis, Portugal)
15. Strategic management of fuel load and fuel strips, like primary strip networks Preventive forestry (forest, Maçao, Portugal)
16. Seeding crops without disturbing the soil through tillage, involving one pass during which a part of the soil surface is “opened” and the seeds are placed concurrently No-tillage (olive, Crete, Greece)
17. Land closed by fencing (or other means) for control of grazing or resting during a specified period to reconstitute its plant cover Controlled grazing (grazing land, Crete, Greece)
18. Transport and use of non-salted freshwater for irrigation Transport of freshwater from local streams (arable cropping, Nestos, Greece)
19. Alteration of strips of crops and fallow perpendicular to wind Strip cropping (arable cropping, Karapinar, Turkey)
20. Seeding crops without disturbing the soil through tillage, involving one pass during which a part of the soil surface is “opened” and the seeds are placed concurrently Zero tillage (arable cropping, Karapinar, Turkey)
21. Spreading of organic (or other) materials on the surface of the soil to reduce moisture loss, reduce erosion, inhibit weed growth Mulching (arable cropping, Karapinar, Turkey)
22. Structural barriers along the contour to trap sediments and reduce runoff velocity Sediment fences (barley, Eskesehir, Turkey)
23. Rehabilitation of gullies with cross-slope barriers for reducing runoff velocity and soil erosion V-notch to measure catchment runoff Atriplex plantation in gullies Gully treatment (grazing, Sehoul, Morocco)
24. Spreading of organic (or other) materials on the surface of the soil to reduce moisture loss, reduce erosion, inhibit weed growth Mulching and minimum tillage (cereals-leguminous rotation, Sehoul, Morocco)
25. Collection and concentration of rainfall to make it available for agricultural or domestic uses in dry areas where moisture deficit is the primary limiting factor. Tabia and jessour (olive, grazing, Tunisia)
26. Binding cages filled with stones together to form a dam to slow down runoff and enhance infiltration Gabion check dams (olive, grazing, Tunisia)
27. Land closed by fencing (or other means) for control of grazing or resting during a specified period to reconstitute its plant cover Rangeland resting (grazing, Tunisia)
28. Land closed by fencing (or other means) for control of grazing or resting during a specified period to reconstitute its plant cover Rangeland resting (grazing, Tunisia)
29. Enhanced infiltration of runoff water to the aquifer to recharge groundwater and wells Recharge well (olive, grazing, Tunisia)
30. Irrigation method which saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. Drip irrigation (vegetables, Russia)
31. Collection and concentration of rainfall to make it available for agricultural or domestic uses in dry areas where moisture deficit is the primary limiting factor Snow melt water harvesting (vegetables, Dzhanybek, Russia)
32. Technical improvement of irrigation to reduce water use Improved sprinkler irrigation (cereals-fodder, Novij, Russia)
33. Spreading of organic (or other) materials on the surface of the soil to reduce moisture loss, reduce erosion, inhibit weed growth Residue mulching (maize-millet, Yan River Basin, China)
34. Ditches along the contour to slow down runoff and allow infiltration Infiltration contour ditch (orchard, China)
35. Gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen Biogas (grazing, Botswana)
37. Seeding crops without disturbing the soil through tillage, involving one pass during which a part of the soil surface is “opened” and the seeds are placed concurrently No tillage machine No tillage (annual cropping, Chile)
38. Integrates the use of woody perennials with agricultural crops for a variety of benefits Agroforestry (maize-beans, Cape Verde)
39. Planted perennial obstacles along the contour to trap sediments and reduce runoff velocity Vegative barriers (maize-beans, Cape Verde)