The document discusses dental waxing techniques. It describes two main types of dental wax categorized by the American Dental Association based on their hardness. It then lists the armamentarium needed for waxing and describes various waxing instruments. The document outlines the recommended sequence for wax pattern fabrication, including internal surfaces, evaluation, proximal surfaces, axial surfaces, and margins. It discusses techniques for adding, carving and burnishing wax and the use of heated instruments. Finally, it provides guidelines for investing wax patterns, including using vacuum mixing and brush application of investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses casting procedures and defects. It covers topics like the history of casting, wax patterns, spruing wax patterns, investing wax patterns, burning out wax, casting dental alloys, defects, and more. The lost wax technique involves surrounding a wax pattern with investment material, burning out the wax, and introducing molten metal into the mold. Proper spruing, investing, burnout, and casting are important to produce successful dental castings.
The document discusses dental wax materials and their uses in prosthodontics. It describes different types of waxes like inlay wax and impression wax. The key steps in wax pattern construction are outlined, including adding wax, shaping proximal, axial and occlusal surfaces, and finishing margins. Factors to consider for occlusion like cusp height and schemes are presented. The document provides guidance on tools, techniques and evaluation of wax patterns.
Lab steps mould preparation to finish/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Wax patterns fabrication for fixed partial denturesShebin Abraham
This document provides information on the principles and techniques for fabricating wax patterns for crowns and fixed dental prostheses using the lost wax technique. It discusses the prerequisites for wax patterns including correcting defects on dies, providing cement space, and marking margins. Details are given on materials used for wax patterns and different waxing techniques. The sequence of wax pattern fabrication is outlined including coping formation, evaluation, shaping proximal, axial, and occlusal surfaces, and finishing margins. Occlusal schemes and developing cusp-fossa and cusp-marginal ridge relationships during waxing are also described. The goal is to produce highly accurate wax patterns to result in well-fitting cast restorations.
Direct gold has been used in dentistry for over 100 years due to its biocompatibility and ability to form strong, long-lasting restorations. There are two types of direct gold - gold foil and powdered gold. Gold foil is beaten into thin sheets and cut or rolled into pellets, while powdered gold is made through chemical precipitation and atomization. To ensure cohesion, direct gold must be degassed through heating to remove surface oxides. It is then compacted into the prepared tooth cavity using condensers to displace air and form a strong weld. Careful tooth preparation is required to provide retention, resistance and a suitable cavity form.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses casting procedures and defects. It covers topics like the history of casting, wax patterns, spruing wax patterns, investing wax patterns, burning out wax, casting dental alloys, defects, and more. The lost wax technique involves surrounding a wax pattern with investment material, burning out the wax, and introducing molten metal into the mold. Proper spruing, investing, burnout, and casting are important to produce successful dental castings.
The document discusses dental wax materials and their uses in prosthodontics. It describes different types of waxes like inlay wax and impression wax. The key steps in wax pattern construction are outlined, including adding wax, shaping proximal, axial and occlusal surfaces, and finishing margins. Factors to consider for occlusion like cusp height and schemes are presented. The document provides guidance on tools, techniques and evaluation of wax patterns.
Lab steps mould preparation to finish/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Wax patterns fabrication for fixed partial denturesShebin Abraham
This document provides information on the principles and techniques for fabricating wax patterns for crowns and fixed dental prostheses using the lost wax technique. It discusses the prerequisites for wax patterns including correcting defects on dies, providing cement space, and marking margins. Details are given on materials used for wax patterns and different waxing techniques. The sequence of wax pattern fabrication is outlined including coping formation, evaluation, shaping proximal, axial, and occlusal surfaces, and finishing margins. Occlusal schemes and developing cusp-fossa and cusp-marginal ridge relationships during waxing are also described. The goal is to produce highly accurate wax patterns to result in well-fitting cast restorations.
Direct gold has been used in dentistry for over 100 years due to its biocompatibility and ability to form strong, long-lasting restorations. There are two types of direct gold - gold foil and powdered gold. Gold foil is beaten into thin sheets and cut or rolled into pellets, while powdered gold is made through chemical precipitation and atomization. To ensure cohesion, direct gold must be degassed through heating to remove surface oxides. It is then compacted into the prepared tooth cavity using condensers to displace air and form a strong weld. Careful tooth preparation is required to provide retention, resistance and a suitable cavity form.
wax pattern
in this the wax pattern is done in lost wax technique.
it fabricated in two types of technique that is direct and indirect technique
then the composition of wax , properties which includes flow and wax distortion.
waxing instruments which includes
PKT set which designed by Dr. peter K . Thomas
no 7 wax spatula is used
electric waxing instruments also used
fabrication of wax pattern is also ,mentioned here
This document discusses materials and techniques for fabricating dental dies. It describes common die materials like gypsum products, electroplated dies, epoxy resins and ceramic materials. Gypsum products are most commonly used due to their ability to reproduce fine detail, dimensional accuracy, and ease of use. The document outlines the basic requirements for die materials and manufacturing processes for gypsum dies, including the setting reaction and how factors like water-powder ratio and mixing time affect setting time.
Direct filling gold, explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you
Casting procedures are the backbone of indirect restorations. No casting can be fabricated with their casting defects. It is necessary to have the knowledge of casting defects , how they occure, and how to prevent them.
The document discusses different techniques for creating working casts with removable dies, including straight and curved dowel pins, pindex systems, and Di-Lok trays. Removable dies allow the fabrication of wax patterns on individual teeth and must return to their exact positions to ensure accurate articulation. Proper die preparation, such as trimming without reducing access or altering contours, is important for producing casts that facilitate wax pattern fabrication.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Finishing and polishing of composites / cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses direct gold restorations, including different types of direct filling golds such as gold foil, electrolytically precipitated gold, and powdered gold. It covers the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of direct gold, as well as indications and contraindications for its use. Guidelines are provided on cavity preparation and the general steps for placing direct gold restorations.
A STEP IN CASTING OF CAST PARTIAL DENTURE, a precious duplication process and proper wax up of refractory cast results in accurate fitting of the framework of the prosthesis.
This document provides information on dental hand instruments. It discusses the history and development of instruments, materials used, classification systems, instrument parts and nomenclature, design principles like balance and contrangling, and applications of different instrument types like chisels, excavators, and plastic instruments. It also covers sharpening, sterilization, and references related to dental hand instruments.
Lab procedures in conventional cast partial dentures / dental lab coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The document discusses the various stages of the dental casting procedure, including both clinical and laboratory steps. It begins with tooth preparation and making an impression in the clinical stage. In the laboratory, a die is prepared from the impression and a wax pattern is fabricated on the die. The wax pattern is then invested and the wax eliminated to create a mold, into which molten alloy is cast to produce a dental restoration. The document provides details on materials, techniques and historical developments related to each step of the lost wax casting process.
Dental Lab steps from mould preparation to finish/ dental education in indiaIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Wax patterns in FPD /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses alloys used for indirect dental restorations such as inlays, crowns, bridges, and dentures. It describes the different types of gold alloys categorized by their composition, properties, and applications. Type I alloys are soft, Type II are medium, Type III are hard, and Type IV are extra hard. The alloys contain varying amounts of noble metals like gold, silver, palladium, and platinum to achieve the desired properties. Factors like heat treatment and composition determine characteristics like strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance for different clinical uses.
This document lists and describes various dental tools used for operative dentistry. It includes tools such as spoons, excavators, mirrors, explorers, probes, tweezers, carriers, condensers, carvers, burnishers, matrices, syringes, rubber dam materials and accessories. For each tool, it provides a brief description of its use, such as exploring caries with an explorer, compressing amalgam with a condenser, or punching holes in rubber dams with a puncher. The document also lists various grasps used for hand instruments and scissors for cutting items.
The document summarizes the key laboratory steps involved in fabricating dental crowns and bridges from start to finish, including: taking an impression, creating a wax pattern of the desired teeth, investing the wax pattern using gypsum or phosphate materials, burning out the wax in an oven, casting dental alloys into the mold using centrifugal force, finishing the casting, building up porcelain layers on the metal using opaque and body porcelain, and characterizing with translucent incisal porcelain. Defects that can occur during the process and their causes are also outlined.
Relining of complete dentures involves adding new acrylic resin material to the fitting surface of existing dentures to improve retention, stability, and tissue health without altering the occlusal relationship. The dentures are prepared by removing undercuts and adjusting borders, then new impressions are taken under centric occlusion. The dentures are flasked and the old resin is cleaned and roughened before packing new acrylic resin and curing it under pressure to prevent porosity or warpage. Relining is contraindicated for worn out dentures or when there are issues like significant vertical dimension loss or mucosal inflammation.
Relining and rebasing in complete dentures / Labial orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
wax pattern
in this the wax pattern is done in lost wax technique.
it fabricated in two types of technique that is direct and indirect technique
then the composition of wax , properties which includes flow and wax distortion.
waxing instruments which includes
PKT set which designed by Dr. peter K . Thomas
no 7 wax spatula is used
electric waxing instruments also used
fabrication of wax pattern is also ,mentioned here
This document discusses materials and techniques for fabricating dental dies. It describes common die materials like gypsum products, electroplated dies, epoxy resins and ceramic materials. Gypsum products are most commonly used due to their ability to reproduce fine detail, dimensional accuracy, and ease of use. The document outlines the basic requirements for die materials and manufacturing processes for gypsum dies, including the setting reaction and how factors like water-powder ratio and mixing time affect setting time.
Direct filling gold, explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you
Casting procedures are the backbone of indirect restorations. No casting can be fabricated with their casting defects. It is necessary to have the knowledge of casting defects , how they occure, and how to prevent them.
The document discusses different techniques for creating working casts with removable dies, including straight and curved dowel pins, pindex systems, and Di-Lok trays. Removable dies allow the fabrication of wax patterns on individual teeth and must return to their exact positions to ensure accurate articulation. Proper die preparation, such as trimming without reducing access or altering contours, is important for producing casts that facilitate wax pattern fabrication.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Finishing and polishing of composites / cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses direct gold restorations, including different types of direct filling golds such as gold foil, electrolytically precipitated gold, and powdered gold. It covers the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of direct gold, as well as indications and contraindications for its use. Guidelines are provided on cavity preparation and the general steps for placing direct gold restorations.
A STEP IN CASTING OF CAST PARTIAL DENTURE, a precious duplication process and proper wax up of refractory cast results in accurate fitting of the framework of the prosthesis.
This document provides information on dental hand instruments. It discusses the history and development of instruments, materials used, classification systems, instrument parts and nomenclature, design principles like balance and contrangling, and applications of different instrument types like chisels, excavators, and plastic instruments. It also covers sharpening, sterilization, and references related to dental hand instruments.
Lab procedures in conventional cast partial dentures / dental lab coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The document discusses the various stages of the dental casting procedure, including both clinical and laboratory steps. It begins with tooth preparation and making an impression in the clinical stage. In the laboratory, a die is prepared from the impression and a wax pattern is fabricated on the die. The wax pattern is then invested and the wax eliminated to create a mold, into which molten alloy is cast to produce a dental restoration. The document provides details on materials, techniques and historical developments related to each step of the lost wax casting process.
Dental Lab steps from mould preparation to finish/ dental education in indiaIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Wax patterns in FPD /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses alloys used for indirect dental restorations such as inlays, crowns, bridges, and dentures. It describes the different types of gold alloys categorized by their composition, properties, and applications. Type I alloys are soft, Type II are medium, Type III are hard, and Type IV are extra hard. The alloys contain varying amounts of noble metals like gold, silver, palladium, and platinum to achieve the desired properties. Factors like heat treatment and composition determine characteristics like strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance for different clinical uses.
This document lists and describes various dental tools used for operative dentistry. It includes tools such as spoons, excavators, mirrors, explorers, probes, tweezers, carriers, condensers, carvers, burnishers, matrices, syringes, rubber dam materials and accessories. For each tool, it provides a brief description of its use, such as exploring caries with an explorer, compressing amalgam with a condenser, or punching holes in rubber dams with a puncher. The document also lists various grasps used for hand instruments and scissors for cutting items.
The document summarizes the key laboratory steps involved in fabricating dental crowns and bridges from start to finish, including: taking an impression, creating a wax pattern of the desired teeth, investing the wax pattern using gypsum or phosphate materials, burning out the wax in an oven, casting dental alloys into the mold using centrifugal force, finishing the casting, building up porcelain layers on the metal using opaque and body porcelain, and characterizing with translucent incisal porcelain. Defects that can occur during the process and their causes are also outlined.
Relining of complete dentures involves adding new acrylic resin material to the fitting surface of existing dentures to improve retention, stability, and tissue health without altering the occlusal relationship. The dentures are prepared by removing undercuts and adjusting borders, then new impressions are taken under centric occlusion. The dentures are flasked and the old resin is cleaned and roughened before packing new acrylic resin and curing it under pressure to prevent porosity or warpage. Relining is contraindicated for worn out dentures or when there are issues like significant vertical dimension loss or mucosal inflammation.
Relining and rebasing in complete dentures / Labial orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses the procedures for relining and rebasing dentures. Relining involves adding new base material to the tissue surface of an existing denture to improve fit. Rebasing replaces the entire denture base material while keeping the original teeth. The key steps involve preparing the tissues and denture, making an impression, and then either relining in the lab using a flask or duplicator method or rebasing which replaces the entire base material while keeping the original tooth positions. The objectives are to reestablish correct denture-tissue fit and restore the bite and retention.
The document discusses relining and rebasing of dentures. Relining involves resurfacing the tissue side of a denture with new base material to improve adaptation, while rebasing replaces the entire denture base. The main objectives are to re-establish correct denture-tissue relationship and restore stability, retention, and occlusion. Common indications include alveolar resorption, decreased vertical dimension, and immediate dentures. Contraindications include excessive ridge resorption and poor jaw relations. Clinical procedures involve tissue and denture preparation before making new impressions, while laboratory procedures include articulation, reverse flasking, and jig methods.
11.complete denture wax‐up and flasking procedureshammasm
This document discusses the process of waxing up dentures and flasking them for acrylic resin processing. It describes criteria for waxing the upper and lower dentures, including contouring the wax base and arranging the teeth. The flasking process involves investing the wax dentures and casts in dental stone in a flask, followed by wax elimination and packing of the flask with acrylic resin. The flask then undergoes polymerization cycling by heating in a water bath to cure the resin into the final denture bases.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Lab procedures in complete denture prosthodontics /certified fixed orthodonti...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document provides information about relining and rebasing dentures. It begins with definitions of relining and rebasing. Relining involves adding new base material to the existing denture base to refit the denture. Rebasing replaces all the base material of a denture while keeping the original teeth arrangement. Common indications for relining and rebasing include alveolar ridge resorption and loose or ill-fitting dentures. Materials, pretreatment procedures, techniques, and chairside methods are described for both relining and rebasing dentures.
This document discusses various types of waxes used in dentistry, their compositions, properties, and applications. It covers natural waxes like beeswax, paraffin wax, and carnauba wax as well as synthetic waxes. Key waxes discussed include inlay pattern wax, casting wax, and baseplate wax. Inlay pattern wax is a blend designed to have good flow properties at mouth temperature as well as dimensional stability when solidified. Casting wax is used to make patterns for crowns and bridges and must vaporize completely during the burnout process. Baseplate wax is pink-colored and formulated to be soft enough to establish jaw relations during initial denture fabrication.
This document discusses the process for creating and fitting a complete denture. [1] It begins by outlining indications for complete dentures, such as extensive bone loss or being edentulous. [2] It then describes the series of appointments involved, including history taking and examinations, primary and final impressions, jaw relationship recording, a try-in, delivery, and follow-ups. [3] Each appointment covers multiple steps to properly create and fit the dentures.
This document provides information about dental casting procedures and defects. It discusses the history of casting, outlines the main steps including spruing, investing, burnout and casting. Spruing involves attaching a sprue former made of wax, plastic or metal to direct molten metal into the mold. Investing is the process of enveloping the wax pattern with investment material. Burnout involves slowly heating the mold to eliminate wax. Casting involves melting dental alloys and directing the molten metal into the mold using various casting machines and techniques. The document also discusses potential casting defects.
This document discusses the casting procedure and defects in dentistry. It begins with a brief history of casting techniques from the 11th century to present. The basic steps of casting include attaching a sprue former to the wax pattern, investing the pattern in a ring, burnout of the wax, and casting of the alloy. Key aspects covered are types of sprue formers and their attachment, crucible formers, casting rings and liners, and the investing procedure. The goals of investing are to produce an accurate mold with adequate expansion to compensate for casting shrinkage.
Complete denture prosthodontics step by stepMajeed Okshah
This document outlines the steps a denturist takes to restore a patient's dentures. The denturist aims to restore form, function, and esthetics. The process involves taking a primary impression, pouring it, arranging artificial teeth, waxing them up, doing a try in with the patient, flasking the mold, packing it with acrylic, finishing, polishing, and following up with the patient.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses spruing and investments used in fixed partial dentures. It defines spruing as the channel through which molten metal is poured into a mold. Key principles of spruing discussed include sprue diameter, position, attachment, direction and length. Materials used for spruing include wax, metal and plastic. The document also defines investments and describes types such as gypsum-bonded and phosphate-bonded investments. It discusses requirements for ideal investments and composition of gypsum-bonded investments which use silica, gypsum and modifiers. Factors affecting setting expansion and techniques for hygroscopic setting expansion are also summarized.
The document discusses different types of dental waxes, their properties, uses, and classifications. Key points include:
- Dental waxes can be natural, synthetic, or a blend and are used for patterns, impressions, bite registration, and other clinical and laboratory applications.
- Waxes are classified based on their origin, chemical composition, melting range, and intended use (e.g. pattern, processing, or impression wax).
- Common waxes discussed include inlay wax, casting wax, baseplate wax, boxing wax, utility wax, corrective wax, and bite registration wax.
- Ideal properties for dental waxes include dimensional stability when carved and no residue left during burnout
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
A multiple tray impression technique for implant retained orbital prosthesisIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A multiple tray impression technique for implant retained orbital prosthesisIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of orthodontic adhesives. It discusses the benefits of bonding over banding, as well as the history of adhesive development from Buonocore's acid etch technique to modern composite resins and bonding agents. The mechanisms of adhesion and requirements for adhesive systems are explained. The document reviews the common materials used as adhesives, including glass ionomer cements, composites, and resin-modified glass ionomers. It also covers the clinical application of adhesives, including bonding to enamel and dentin using various generations of bonding agents.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Die materials /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
FABRICATION OF AURICULAR & ORBITAL PROSTHESIS/orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses different impression techniques for removable partial denture prostheses. It describes physiologic/functional impression techniques which aim to record tissues in a displaced configuration under loading. Specific techniques discussed include McLean's, Hindel's modification, and the functional relining method. The functional relining method involves adding new material to the inner denture base surface to refit tissues. Dual impression techniques are indicated for distal extension ridges and long anterior spans to record anatomy and function.
Porcelain and its applicationsnew/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Waxup and investing/ dentistry course in india (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
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Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
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This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
2. The american dental association has haveThe american dental association has have
categorized waxes into 2 types:categorized waxes into 2 types:
Type 1- a medium wax (generally used for theType 1- a medium wax (generally used for the
direct technique)direct technique)
Type 2- softer wax (used in indirect fabricationType 2- softer wax (used in indirect fabrication
technique)technique)
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5. WAXING INSTRUMENTSWAXING INSTRUMENTS
Can be categorized by the intent of the design:Can be categorized by the intent of the design:
Wax addition, carving, or burnishingWax addition, carving, or burnishing
The popularThe popular PKT carversPKT carvers designed bydesigned by Dr. PeterDr. Peter
K. ThomasK. Thomas are used:are used:
No. 1 and 2 are wax addition instruments.No. 1 and 2 are wax addition instruments.
No. 3 is a burnisher for refining occlusal anatomy.No. 3 is a burnisher for refining occlusal anatomy.
No. 4 and 5 are wax carvers.No. 4 and 5 are wax carvers.
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7. Wax is added by heating the instrument in theWax is added by heating the instrument in the
bunsen flame, touching it to the wax, andbunsen flame, touching it to the wax, and
quickly reheating it shank in the flame.quickly reheating it shank in the flame.
Wax flows away from the hottest part of theWax flows away from the hottest part of the
instrument, so if the shank is heated, a bead ofinstrument, so if the shank is heated, a bead of
wax will flow off the tip.wax will flow off the tip.
However, if the tip is heated, the wax will flow upHowever, if the tip is heated, the wax will flow up
the shank of the instrument.the shank of the instrument.
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9. The following sequence is recommended for waxThe following sequence is recommended for wax
pattern fabrication:pattern fabrication:
Internal surface.Internal surface.
Wax pattern removal and evaluation.Wax pattern removal and evaluation.
Proximal surfaces.Proximal surfaces.
Axial surfaces.Axial surfaces.
Incisal/occlusal surface.Incisal/occlusal surface.
Margin finishing.Margin finishing.
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10. Internal surface: the wax must reproduce all theInternal surface: the wax must reproduce all the
retentive features of the restoration.retentive features of the restoration.
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11. Wax pattern removal : Wax pattern should beWax pattern removal : Wax pattern should be
allowed to cool thoroughly before the coping isallowed to cool thoroughly before the coping is
removed from the die.removed from the die.
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12. Wax pattern evaluation: The objective of theWax pattern evaluation: The objective of the
first waxing step is a perfectly adaptedfirst waxing step is a perfectly adapted
reproduction of the prepared tooth surfaces.reproduction of the prepared tooth surfaces.
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13. Proximal surfaces: They are flat or slightlyProximal surfaces: They are flat or slightly
concave from the contact area to theconcave from the contact area to the
cementoenamel junction.cementoenamel junction.
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14. Contact areas: The size and location of theContact areas: The size and location of the
contact areas should be established beforecontact areas should be established before
waxing the remainder of the proximal surface.waxing the remainder of the proximal surface.
Reference is made to contacts between theReference is made to contacts between the
contralateral teeth and knowledge of anatomiccontralateral teeth and knowledge of anatomic
form.form.
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15. Axial surfaces: The buccal and lingual surfacesAxial surfaces: The buccal and lingual surfaces
should be shaped similarly to those of theshould be shaped similarly to those of the
adjacent teeth.adjacent teeth.
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16. Incisal/occlusal surface: Opposing incisorsIncisal/occlusal surface: Opposing incisors
should make even contact during protrusiveshould make even contact during protrusive
movements but not during lateral excursions.movements but not during lateral excursions.
The cusps and ridges of the occlusal surfacesThe cusps and ridges of the occlusal surfaces
should be shaped as to allow even contact withshould be shaped as to allow even contact with
the opposing teeth while stabilizing the teeththe opposing teeth while stabilizing the teeth
and directing the forces along the long axes ofand directing the forces along the long axes of
the teeth.the teeth.
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19. Margin finishing: For finalizing and adaptation,Margin finishing: For finalizing and adaptation,
the margins should be reflowed and refinishedthe margins should be reflowed and refinished
immediately prior to investing the wax pattern.immediately prior to investing the wax pattern.
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20. ““Invest the best to get casting free of pest”Invest the best to get casting free of pest”
Prof D.R.DavisProf D.R.Davis
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21. INVESTMENTS
DEFINITIONS:
Invest (GPT 8) : To surround, envelop, or embed in an
investment material.
Investing (GPT 8) : The process of covering or enveloping,
wholly or in parts; an object such as a denture, tooth, wax
form, crown etc. with a suitable investment material before
processing, soldering or casting.
Investment (K.J. Anusavice) refractory material used to
form a mould casting for cast metals or hot pressed
ceramics.
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22. Classification according to Binders used:
GYPSUM BONDED INVESTMENT:
- alloys that fuse below 1975°F (1080°c)
- Casting of gold alloys inlays, onlays, crowns and fixed
partial dentures.
PHOSPHATE BONDED INVESTMENTS:
- for higher fusing alloys
- Designed primarily for alloys used to produce copings or
frame works for metal ceramic prosthesis and for some base
metal alloys. It can also be used for press able ceramics.
ETHYL SILICATE- BONDED INVESTMENTS:
- for casting of removable partial dentures with base metal
alloys (cobalt based or nickel based alloys)www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Gypsum bounded is further classified by ADA
specification no 2 (casting investment) into two types
depending upon the expansion required to
compensate for the contraction of the molten gold
alloys during solidification.
TYPE I: THERMAL EXPANSION TYPE:
For casting of inlays and crowns
TYPE II: HYGROSCOPIC EXPANSION TYPE:
For casting inlays , onlays and crowns
TYPE III: ARE USED IN CONSTRUCTION OF
PARTIAL DENTURES WITH GOLD ALLOY.
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24. TWO TYPES OF PHOSPHATE BONDEDTWO TYPES OF PHOSPHATE BONDED
INVESTMENTSINVESTMENTS
TYPE I: for inlays crowns and other fixedTYPE I: for inlays crowns and other fixed
restoration.restoration.
TYPE II: for partial dentures and other castTYPE II: for partial dentures and other cast
removable restorationremovable restoration
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25. IDEAL REQUIREMENTS
An ideal investment should incorporate the following
features:
Controllable expansion to compensate precisely for
shrinkage of the cast alloy during cooling
The ability to produce smooth castings with accurate
surface reproduction without nodules
Chemical stability at high casting temperatures
Adequate strength to resist casting forces
Sufficient porosity to allow for gas escape
Easy recovery of the castingwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
26. INVESTINGINVESTING
Vacuum mixing of investment materials isVacuum mixing of investment materials is
highly recommended for consistent results inhighly recommended for consistent results in
casting with minimal surface defects,casting with minimal surface defects,
especially when phosphate-bondedespecially when phosphate-bonded
investments are used .investments are used .
Good results are possible withGood results are possible with
brush application of vacuum mixedbrush application of vacuum mixed
investment or when the investment is pouredinvestment or when the investment is poured
into the ring under vacuum.into the ring under vacuum.
Vacuum mixing with brushVacuum mixing with brush
application of the investment is theapplication of the investment is the
suggested mode.suggested mode.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
27. ArmamentariumArmamentarium
Vacuum mixer andVacuum mixer and
bowlbowl
VibratorVibrator
Investment powderInvestment powder
(gypsum or phosphate(gypsum or phosphate
bonded)bonded)
Water or colloidalWater or colloidal
silicasilica
SpatulaSpatula
BrushBrush
SurfactantSurfactant
Casting ring and linerCasting ring and linerwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Brush technique: In this technique, pattern
is first painted with surface tension reducer; the
surface must be wet completely. The
procedures is as follows:
Add investment powder to the liquid in the
mixing bowl and quickly incorporate it by hand.
Attach the vacuum hose to the bowl, evacuate
the bowl, and mechanically spatulate.
The mixing should be carefully timed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
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30. Coat the entire pattern
with investment,
pushing the material
ahead of the brush
from a single point.
Gently vibrate through
out the application of
investment, being
especially careful to
coat the internal
surface and the margin
of the pattern.
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31. A finger positioned underA finger positioned under
the crucible former on thethe crucible former on the
table of the vibratortable of the vibrator
minimizes the risk ofminimizes the risk of
excessive vibration andexcessive vibration and
possible breaking of thepossible breaking of the
pattern from the sprue.pattern from the sprue.
After the pattern hasAfter the pattern has
been completely coated,been completely coated,
the ring is immediatelythe ring is immediately
filled by vibrating thefilled by vibrating the
remaining investment outremaining investment out
of the bowl.of the bowl.
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32. When the investment reaches the level of theWhen the investment reaches the level of the
pattern, tilt the ring several times to cover andpattern, tilt the ring several times to cover and
uncover the pattern, thereby minimizing theuncover the pattern, thereby minimizing the
possible entrapment of air. Investing must bepossible entrapment of air. Investing must be
performed quickly within the working time of theperformed quickly within the working time of the
investment. If the investment begins to set tooinvestment. If the investment begins to set too
soon, rinse it off quickly with cold water.soon, rinse it off quickly with cold water.
After the ring is filled to the rim, allow theAfter the ring is filled to the rim, allow the
investment to set.investment to set.
If the hygroscopic technique is used, the ring isIf the hygroscopic technique is used, the ring is
placed in a 37placed in a 37°°C (100C (100°°F) water bath for 1 hourF) water bath for 1 hour
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33. VACUUM TECHNIQUE
1. First, hand spatulate the mix
2. With the crucible former and pattern in place
attach the ring to the mixing bowl
3. Attach the vacuum hose and mix according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations
4. Invert the bowl and fill the ring under vibration
5. Remove the vacuum hose before shutting of the
mixer
6. Remove the filled ring and crucible former from
the bowl
7. Immediately clean the bowl and mixing blade
under running water.
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35. Investing ProceduresInvesting Procedures
• Small ring: 1Small ring: 1
packagepackage
• Large ring: 2Large ring: 2
packagespackages
• Hand mix for 15Hand mix for 15
secondsseconds
• Vacuum mix for 60Vacuum mix for 60
secondsseconds
• Working time: 2-3Working time: 2-3
minutesminutes
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36. Mixing RatiosMixing Ratios
• GeneralGeneral::
• More investment liquid,More investment liquid,
less water =less water =
more expansionmore expansion
• Less investment liquid,Less investment liquid,
more water =more water =
less expansionless expansion
• Begin with a dry bowlBegin with a dry bowl
• Use a maximum of 27mlUse a maximum of 27ml
of liquidof liquid
Using more liquid resultsUsing more liquid results
in ain a
weak moldweak mold
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37. Mixing RatiosMixing Ratios
• For 100gms ofFor 100gms of
investmentinvestment::
• Crowns/veneers: 22mlCrowns/veneers: 22ml
liquid, 5ml distilled waterliquid, 5ml distilled water
• Inlays/Onlays: 16mlInlays/Onlays: 16ml
liquid, 11ml distilled waterliquid, 11ml distilled water
• Two year shelf life on theTwo year shelf life on the
investment from theinvestment from the
manufacturing datemanufacturing date
• Follow instructions onFollow instructions on
investment packetinvestment packet
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