IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The Use of Moringa Oleifera Seed As A Coagulant For Domestic Water Purificationiosrjce
The efficiency of Moringa Oleifera seed powder as a coagulant for domestic water purification was
investigated using the Jar Test.The optimum dosage of moringa oleifera seed powder was observed to be at
90mg/L. The results of the physiochemical parameters tested at the point of sample collection and at 90mg/L
optimal dosage respectively are as follows: pH (8.1 and 7.9) temperature (26.6oC and 26.8oC), conductivity
(1.75 µs/cm and 1.78 µs/cm), dissolved oxygen (0.30mg/l and 0.10mg/l), turbidity (339 and 4.10NTU), and
hardness (212mg/l and 300mg/l) respectively. Analysis of some metals such as copper, chromium, lead, calcium,
magnesium, cobalt and zinc were performed before and after treatment of the water sample with the Moringa
oleifera seed. The metals analyzed (Cu, Zn, Ca, Cr, Pb, Co, and Mg) before and after coagulation showed that
concentration of Zn, Cu, Co, Pb and Ca as increased in the most optimally purified water containing 90mg/L
Moringa Oleifera seed Powder from, 1.12 to 2.54mg/L, 0.18 to 0.39mg/L, 0.00 to0.19mg/L, 0.00 to 0.08mg/L
and 1.02 to 2.10 mg/L respectively. And magnesium concentration decreased from 36.32 to 27.89 mg/L.
Purifying water from water source that has contaminated by using natural ingredients that do not harm the environment with easy steps to do and affordable to all people.
Biocoagulation Activity of Moringa oleifera Seeds for Water Treatmenttheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Use of Moringa oleifera in water treatmentJac Emanuel
Water treatment in cities and villages can be made easy by application of natural methods which are affordable and easy.
One of them is the use of Moringa oleifera as water treatment agent rather than commercial sold chemicals
To develop a water purification system especially designedKanhaiya Kumar
This is the report of purification of water system.I had given a presentation on this report in national level techfest in 2015.This report may help those student who want to make purification of water system for rural area and also for mini project.
The Use of Moringa Oleifera Seed As A Coagulant For Domestic Water Purificationiosrjce
The efficiency of Moringa Oleifera seed powder as a coagulant for domestic water purification was
investigated using the Jar Test.The optimum dosage of moringa oleifera seed powder was observed to be at
90mg/L. The results of the physiochemical parameters tested at the point of sample collection and at 90mg/L
optimal dosage respectively are as follows: pH (8.1 and 7.9) temperature (26.6oC and 26.8oC), conductivity
(1.75 µs/cm and 1.78 µs/cm), dissolved oxygen (0.30mg/l and 0.10mg/l), turbidity (339 and 4.10NTU), and
hardness (212mg/l and 300mg/l) respectively. Analysis of some metals such as copper, chromium, lead, calcium,
magnesium, cobalt and zinc were performed before and after treatment of the water sample with the Moringa
oleifera seed. The metals analyzed (Cu, Zn, Ca, Cr, Pb, Co, and Mg) before and after coagulation showed that
concentration of Zn, Cu, Co, Pb and Ca as increased in the most optimally purified water containing 90mg/L
Moringa Oleifera seed Powder from, 1.12 to 2.54mg/L, 0.18 to 0.39mg/L, 0.00 to0.19mg/L, 0.00 to 0.08mg/L
and 1.02 to 2.10 mg/L respectively. And magnesium concentration decreased from 36.32 to 27.89 mg/L.
Purifying water from water source that has contaminated by using natural ingredients that do not harm the environment with easy steps to do and affordable to all people.
Biocoagulation Activity of Moringa oleifera Seeds for Water Treatmenttheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Use of Moringa oleifera in water treatmentJac Emanuel
Water treatment in cities and villages can be made easy by application of natural methods which are affordable and easy.
One of them is the use of Moringa oleifera as water treatment agent rather than commercial sold chemicals
To develop a water purification system especially designedKanhaiya Kumar
This is the report of purification of water system.I had given a presentation on this report in national level techfest in 2015.This report may help those student who want to make purification of water system for rural area and also for mini project.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study on utilization of moringa oleifera as coagulationeSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, use of Moringa Oleifera seeds to improve the quality of drinking water was investigated. A study was carried out to
know the efficiency of Moringa Oleifera seed suspension for removal of turbidity of water. Turbid water sample of low turbidity (50
mg/L) was prepared in the laboratory using bentonite clay, kaolin clay and black cotton soil. Moringa Oleifera seed suspension was
added as coagulant in concentration of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L The dosages of Moringa Oleifera seed suspension were 125, 250, 375
and 500 mg/L. Moringa Oleifera seed suspension was found to be effective in treating the water.
Keywords: Moringa Oleifera Seed, Turbidity, Hardness and Extraction
Investigating the bacterial inactivation potential of purified okra (Hibiscus...AZOJETE UNIMAID
The ability of purified okra protein (POP) as coagulant and as disinfectant material in comparison with aluminium sulphate (AS) in water treatment was assessed. A laboratory jar test experiments and Colilert-18/Quanti-Tray method of bacterial analysis were conducted using POP as coagulant in treating river water. The results show an excellent dual performance function of POP against the conventional coagulant, AS in drinking water treatment. It was observed that a marked inactivation of approximately 100% of faecal and E-coli count in raw water was achieved with POP and zero regrowth of bacteria after 72-hour post treatment. However, there was regrowth in total coliform count as a result of the presence of other microbes other than E-coli and faecal coliform in the system. In all cases AS showed a reduced performance against the two indicator organisms achieving only 93% with remarkable regrowth of E-coli and faecal coliform after prolonged storage time in the clarified water. Turbidity removal was also noted to be approximately similar, 92% across all coagulants tested. Therefore, the use of POP in water treatment could improve access to clean water in developing countries and could help in reducing the import of water treatment chemicals.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract Ground water is fresh water located in the core space of soil and rocks and water is essential for the survival of human beings. In addition to food, shelter and clothing, water is one of our basic human needs and lack of potable water is a major cause of death and disease in our world. Now a days due to rapid industrialization even in rural areas, water become contaminated. Presently there are no appropriate low cost methods available for removal of water contaminants from drinking water. There are a variety of purification methods of drinking water which are very costly and those methods cannot serve a common man effectively. The purpose of this study is to provide information on low cost household water treatment using seeds of the Drum stick tree. Present study deals with the suitability of coagulation-flocculation process using Moringa Oleifera seeds as natural coagulant for purification of water for drinking purpose. In present study various does of Moringa Oleifera seed powder like 50, 100 and 150 mg/litre were taken and checked for the efficiency dose for various water samples. After treatment of water samples with Morigna Oleifera seed powder were analyzed for the parameters like Turbidity and pH. There is an appreciable change in these parameters and the values are within the range of W.H.O. standards. Application of this low cost Moringa Oleifera seeds is recommended for eco-friendly, non-toxic, simplified water treatment where rural people living in extreme poverty are presently drinking highly turbid and contaminated water. Keywords: Drumstick (Moringa Oleifera), Natural coagulant, water samples, absorbent, coagulant.
Tea (Camellia sinensis) Waste for the reduction of Malathion and Phorate in ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Diminution of Malathion and Phorate from aqueous solutions by tea waste biomass was examined in a batch experimental setup. Waste tea powder, obtained from University canteen, S.V. University, Tirupati, India has been used as an effective material for the reduction of Malathion and Phorate from aqueous solutions. Characterization of the adsorbent was studied using SEM micrograph and Fourier Transform Infrared spectral analysis. From the FTIR spectrum it is observed that the change in peak position at 3390 cm−1 in the spectrum of the Phorate and Malathion loaded tea powder indicates the binding of these pesticides with hydroxyl groups. The working solutions of the pesticides are in the range of 0.1µg – 1.0µg for Malathion and 0.05µg – 0.5µg for phorate. It was observed that percentage adsorption increased with pH of the liquid phase and reached an optimum value of 95 % for Malathion and 94 % for phorate at pH 7.4 ± 0.2 and pH 7.5 ± 0.2, respectively. The dosage of the adsorbent had showed considerable effect on the adsorption of Malathion and Phorate.
Phytoremediation of industrial effluent and Reduction of physicochemical para...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Study On dehydration of Papaya Slices Using Osmotic Dehydration Mediated Hot ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
The textile dyeing industry consumes large quantities of water and produces large volumes of wastewater from different processes in dyeing and finishing processes. The low-cost, easily available naturally prepared coagulants like moringa seed powder, maize seed powder, green bean powder and tamarind seed powder as an alternative to recent expensive coagulant methods for reactive dye removal has been investigated in this study. Various process parameters like pH, coagulant dose, flocculation time and also its optimization were exploited. The maximum percentage color removal was found to be 80.26, 78.30, 74.04, 72.68 and 70.53 for moringa, corn, aluminium sulphate, green bean and tamarind, respectively, at pH 9.0, coagulant dose of 30 mgL-1, flocculation time 120 min. The sludge volume index (SVI) was calculated for these parameters including process optimization. Natural coagulants were better coagulant than aluminium sulphate which corresponds to color removal and sludge volume index.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study on utilization of moringa oleifera as coagulationeSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, use of Moringa Oleifera seeds to improve the quality of drinking water was investigated. A study was carried out to
know the efficiency of Moringa Oleifera seed suspension for removal of turbidity of water. Turbid water sample of low turbidity (50
mg/L) was prepared in the laboratory using bentonite clay, kaolin clay and black cotton soil. Moringa Oleifera seed suspension was
added as coagulant in concentration of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L The dosages of Moringa Oleifera seed suspension were 125, 250, 375
and 500 mg/L. Moringa Oleifera seed suspension was found to be effective in treating the water.
Keywords: Moringa Oleifera Seed, Turbidity, Hardness and Extraction
Investigating the bacterial inactivation potential of purified okra (Hibiscus...AZOJETE UNIMAID
The ability of purified okra protein (POP) as coagulant and as disinfectant material in comparison with aluminium sulphate (AS) in water treatment was assessed. A laboratory jar test experiments and Colilert-18/Quanti-Tray method of bacterial analysis were conducted using POP as coagulant in treating river water. The results show an excellent dual performance function of POP against the conventional coagulant, AS in drinking water treatment. It was observed that a marked inactivation of approximately 100% of faecal and E-coli count in raw water was achieved with POP and zero regrowth of bacteria after 72-hour post treatment. However, there was regrowth in total coliform count as a result of the presence of other microbes other than E-coli and faecal coliform in the system. In all cases AS showed a reduced performance against the two indicator organisms achieving only 93% with remarkable regrowth of E-coli and faecal coliform after prolonged storage time in the clarified water. Turbidity removal was also noted to be approximately similar, 92% across all coagulants tested. Therefore, the use of POP in water treatment could improve access to clean water in developing countries and could help in reducing the import of water treatment chemicals.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract Ground water is fresh water located in the core space of soil and rocks and water is essential for the survival of human beings. In addition to food, shelter and clothing, water is one of our basic human needs and lack of potable water is a major cause of death and disease in our world. Now a days due to rapid industrialization even in rural areas, water become contaminated. Presently there are no appropriate low cost methods available for removal of water contaminants from drinking water. There are a variety of purification methods of drinking water which are very costly and those methods cannot serve a common man effectively. The purpose of this study is to provide information on low cost household water treatment using seeds of the Drum stick tree. Present study deals with the suitability of coagulation-flocculation process using Moringa Oleifera seeds as natural coagulant for purification of water for drinking purpose. In present study various does of Moringa Oleifera seed powder like 50, 100 and 150 mg/litre were taken and checked for the efficiency dose for various water samples. After treatment of water samples with Morigna Oleifera seed powder were analyzed for the parameters like Turbidity and pH. There is an appreciable change in these parameters and the values are within the range of W.H.O. standards. Application of this low cost Moringa Oleifera seeds is recommended for eco-friendly, non-toxic, simplified water treatment where rural people living in extreme poverty are presently drinking highly turbid and contaminated water. Keywords: Drumstick (Moringa Oleifera), Natural coagulant, water samples, absorbent, coagulant.
Tea (Camellia sinensis) Waste for the reduction of Malathion and Phorate in ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Diminution of Malathion and Phorate from aqueous solutions by tea waste biomass was examined in a batch experimental setup. Waste tea powder, obtained from University canteen, S.V. University, Tirupati, India has been used as an effective material for the reduction of Malathion and Phorate from aqueous solutions. Characterization of the adsorbent was studied using SEM micrograph and Fourier Transform Infrared spectral analysis. From the FTIR spectrum it is observed that the change in peak position at 3390 cm−1 in the spectrum of the Phorate and Malathion loaded tea powder indicates the binding of these pesticides with hydroxyl groups. The working solutions of the pesticides are in the range of 0.1µg – 1.0µg for Malathion and 0.05µg – 0.5µg for phorate. It was observed that percentage adsorption increased with pH of the liquid phase and reached an optimum value of 95 % for Malathion and 94 % for phorate at pH 7.4 ± 0.2 and pH 7.5 ± 0.2, respectively. The dosage of the adsorbent had showed considerable effect on the adsorption of Malathion and Phorate.
Phytoremediation of industrial effluent and Reduction of physicochemical para...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Study On dehydration of Papaya Slices Using Osmotic Dehydration Mediated Hot ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
The textile dyeing industry consumes large quantities of water and produces large volumes of wastewater from different processes in dyeing and finishing processes. The low-cost, easily available naturally prepared coagulants like moringa seed powder, maize seed powder, green bean powder and tamarind seed powder as an alternative to recent expensive coagulant methods for reactive dye removal has been investigated in this study. Various process parameters like pH, coagulant dose, flocculation time and also its optimization were exploited. The maximum percentage color removal was found to be 80.26, 78.30, 74.04, 72.68 and 70.53 for moringa, corn, aluminium sulphate, green bean and tamarind, respectively, at pH 9.0, coagulant dose of 30 mgL-1, flocculation time 120 min. The sludge volume index (SVI) was calculated for these parameters including process optimization. Natural coagulants were better coagulant than aluminium sulphate which corresponds to color removal and sludge volume index.
This must the discovery of the decade. Walnut shells are used to purify water from any sort of Contamination and has been a blessing for the Oil & Gas Sector.
A simplified design of multiplier for multi layer feed forward hardware neura...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Intelligent computing techniques on medical image segmentation and analysis a...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Umts femto access point for higher data rate and better quality of service to...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Two level data security using steganography and 2 d cellular automataeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Water softeners helps in removing hardness of water and make them fit for our daily decisive usages. For our work,
different water sources like surface water (Hebbal Lake), Bore well water (NPS School, Ozone Urbana, Bangalore) and
Corporation water (BWSSB) were selected and their respective hardness as CaCO3 were analysed before and after
treatment with Moringa oleifera seed extract. The seeds of Moringa oleifera, one of the best natural coagulants as per
the previous studies were used in this protocol. In normal water treatment scheme most preferably ion exchange
techniques were used for the removal of hardness, which would likely to be a resin based technology. Also the ion
exchange procedure was completely dependent on industrial resins, which were manufactured by major corporate
concerns (like Lancer, Toyota, Ion Exchange India Ltd, Thermax Ltd, LG etc.), hence incur huge cost. Industrial resins
have Na+
ions attached to the resin beads replaces Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in water during the ion exchange process.
The resin beads can be regenerated or recharged again with Na+
ion by NaCl solution once the resin gets exhausted.
Our work persuaded in another way of removing hardness from water by the principle means of adsorption and
conversion of soluble hardness-causing ions to insoluble products by precipitation reactions. Moringa oleifera seed
extracts were prepared and performed jar test to obtain the best required dosage for hardness removal in the selected
water samples. The obtained dosage (mg/l) or ppm of Moringa oleifera was dosed to the selected water samples
through the dosing system present in an existing water treatment system of capacity 2 m3/hr. The removal efficiency
was observed to be between 50 to 60% after passing through the treatment system with Moringa oleifera dosage.
Hence this work can pave way to find a best alternate method for hardness removal water.
“A note on natural adsorbant (moringa oleifera) as antimicrobial agent in wat...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Turbidity is one of the major culprits which help microbes present in water and waste water to survive. Also
drastically impact the water treatment efficiency mainly the process of disinfection. Coagulants such as Alum, PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride), FeCl3 etc, are majorly used for the turbidity removal in water. Among this Alum is the most widely used coagulant in water treatment, because of its proven performance and cost effectiveness. Although alum has a proven track record,
usage of same in drinking water system increases the concentration of Aluminium ion which does not falls under the WHO (World Health Organization) norms of drinking water standards. Hence this study would be an alternate approach for turbidity
reduction in water by using natural coagulants. Different studies in ancient Tamil Literature show Strychnos potatorum Linn or
Nirmali seed act as a best coagulating agent, which in turn helps in removal of turbidity in water. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of Strychnos potatorum Linn seed extract in removal of turbidity from the selected water samples. An existing
water softener system of capacity 2 m3
/hr from a Residential Apartment named M/s.Ozone Pavillion was selected with an existing scheme of Alum dosing system, Pressure sand filter, Activated Carbon filter and Softener. In this scheme the Alum dosing was replaced with Strychnos potatorum Linn seed extract dosing and the softener filter was bypassed. Two different water samples
were selected (Bore Well Water and Surface Water) and jar test was performed with the Strychnos potatorum Linn extract to arrive the best suited dose for the turbidity reduction. Here the jar test performed with different concentration of Strychnos potatorum Linn extract starting from 20 mg/l to 60 mg/l and selected the concentration of 60 mg/l as the best suited dose for
turbidity reduction. The selected concentration was used for a pilot plant study in the existing water treatment plant designed by M/s. Green Enviro Polestar. The study showed the turbidity removal efficiency of 40% to 60% and highly emphasizes the usage of Strychnos potatorum Linn seed extract as a natural coagulant in water treatment systems.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Phycoremediation of malachite green and reduction of physico chemical paramet...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Water is the elixir of life, a precious gift of nature to all the living species on earth. It is rapidly becoming a scare commodity in most parts of the world. Only 0.35% of the total availability of water found in lakes and wetlands and 0.01% in rivers and streams which are likely getting depleted due to the discharge of the effluents such as dyes simultaneously increases the water quality parameters. Malachite green is a common textile dye being discharged in lake water situated near textile industries. The phycoremediation method employs the use of algae, say, Chlorella pyrenoidosa which helps in decolorizing the water and due to its growth in the lake water, the physico-chemical parameters higher in the polluted water found to be reduced and water can be used for various purposes. The trails were made using Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Malachite green at different concentrations. The optimum concentration for the degradation of dye was completely done at the concentration 15 mg confirming the decolorization capacity by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The same experiment was performed with adjusting the pH at 6, 7 and 8. Optimum pH for the dye degradation was found as pH 7 at which all the concentrations Chlorella pyrenoidosa was able to degrade the dye with the decolourization capacity of above 95%. The phyico-chemical parameters checked after the decolorization by Chlorella were found to be within the limits and thus Chlorella which is available in nature can be used in the decolorization of effluent water by eco-friendly method.
Keywords: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Malachite Green, Phycoremediation, Physico-chemical parameters
Water Treatment and Purification using Moringa Oleifera Seed Extractijtsrd
Water is the most abundant chemical and important natural resource. Various concentrations of water at given place contributes to water quality. The suitability of water and its specific use are evaluated by examining its quality parameters. The adverse health effects have been observed in developing countries due to drinking contaminated water. The natural resources have serious threat due to development and urbanization in countries. People are made to use low quality water because of high cost of treated water which results in exposing them to waterborne diseases. The seed extract of Moringa oleifera is used for purification of drinking and wastewater due to presence of soluble cationic coagulant. It has capability to reduce the turbidity from water. In the present study, the collected water samples were examined with various physical, chemical and biological parameters. Obtained values of each parameters were compared with standard values set by World Health Organization. Areeba Ansari | Malika Ahuja "Water Treatment and Purification using Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31019.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31019/water-treatment-and-purification-using-moringa-oleifera-seed-extract/areeba-ansari
Pontential Germicidal Soap of Mangifera Indica Linn. Mango Fruit Peel Extractijtsrd
The study focused mainly on the determination of the potential germicidal soap of Mangifera indica Mango fruit peel extract. It aimed to determine the physical properties in terms of color, melting point, odor, pH value, and solubility. Also, it sought to determine the acid value, iodine value of mango peel soap for its chemical properties. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was used for the determination on antimicrobial sensitivity test, the researcher concluded that the prepared soap doesn't have the capability to reduce the excrescency of the microorganisms. Therefore the researcher concluded that Mangifera indica peel can be made into germicidal soap but not comparable to commercially available germicidal soap. Raquel L. Crebello | Maria Judy M. Somoray ""Pontential Germicidal Soap of Mangifera Indica Linn. (Mango) Fruit Peel Extract"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22939.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22939/pontential-germicidal-soap-of-mangifera-indica-linn-mango-fruit-peel-extract/raquel-l-crebello
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water treatment using moringa oleifera seeds and kernals in stream water
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 495
WATER TREATMENT USING MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS AND KERNALS IN STREAM WATER M.Ezhilarasi1, N.Veerasekar2 1Department of Civil Engineering (Environmental Engg), SSM college of Engineering, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, India 2Department of Civil Engineering (Environmental Engg), Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Thudupathi, Erode, India Abstract Need of good drinking water increases in all countries, particularly in developing countries like India. In such countries people drinks untreated water due to high cost of water treatment methods. So it is necessary to discover some sustainable and cost effective methods to replace the current methods. The main purpose of this study is to replace the chemical coagulant Alum by natural coagulant Moringa oleifera, commonly known as Drumstick. The seeds of Moringa have the capacity of coagulation as well as antibacterial activities. This substitution is necessary because of high cost of Alum and its potential to produce Alzemer’s disease. From previous works it is found that Moringa can replace Alum as a coagulant. But when compared to Alum, the anti- microbial activity of Moringa is relatively less. So we can combine alum and Moringa powder for coagulation. It may give good results in both coagulation and bacterial reduction. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Water treatment, Bacterial reduction
-------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION Water is an essential component of life and search for hygienic and esthetically acceptable water was already a subject of priority concern. The world Health Organization (WHO) defines potable water as it is clear, transparent, odourless, no objectionable taste and free from microorganisms or chemicals in concentration lead to a risk to human health. A large number of people are exposed to the hazards from pollutants in potable water. To remove those pollutants and to obtain palatable drinking water, water treatment usually comprises water clarification and disinfection in conventional water treatment. Many chemical coagulants are widely used in conventional water treatment processes for tap water production. However, studies have reported that all these chemicals lead to many health problems. Naturally occurring coagulants are biodegradable and presumed safe for human health. The use of natural material of plant origin to clarify turbid raw water is not a new idea. 1.1 Physical Properties of Pods and Seeds of Moringa:
Average weight of pod (g) 7.60 - 7.95
Average weight of seeds (g) / pod 3.59 5.03 4.83
Average number of seeds / pod 12 17 16
Average weight (g) / 100 seeds 29.9 29.6 30.2
Average weight of kernels (g)/100 seeds 21.2 - 22.5
Percent weight of kernel in relation to entire seed 72.5 - 74.5
Percent weight of hull in relation to entire seed 27.5 - 25.5
Moisture in kernel (%) 4.5 - 6.5
Moisture in hull (%) 9.2 - 12.9
Moisture in whole seed (%) 5.8 - 7.5
1.2 Water Purification: When crushed into a powder, the seeds from Moringa trees act as a natural flocculent which can be used to purify dirty water, eliminating between 90-99% of bacteria. The powder joins to the solids in the water and sinks to the bottom. The residue (seed cake) left over from making Ben Oil from the seeds. The sludge left over from the water after treatment can also be used as a bio-fertilizer/bio-compost which has been shown to increase yields of other staple food crops. This therefore presents an excellent cycle for the seeds which can be used by rural communities: firstly using the seeds to make Ben Oil then using the seed cake from the oil extraction process to purify water and then finally using the sludge left over from the water purification process as a bio-fertilizer for other crops. 1.3 Coagulant Dose Requirement: As for all coagulants, the amount of seed required will vary depending on the raw water source and on the raw water quality. One advantage of seed use is that, in general, there is a wide dose range over which effective treatment may be achieved and maintained. jar testing should be carried out to determine more specific dose requirements for the raw water. Dosages are given as equivalent weight of seed powder or press cake material required to make up the dosing solution.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 496
1.4 Economic Analysis: Moringa seed contains 40% by weight of oil and laboratory work at Leicester confirmed that the press cake remaining after oil extraction still contains the active coagulant. The high quality and hence high market value of this vegetable oil was confirmed during the recent visit to Malawi. The oil is of equal value as a cooking oil and as the principal ingredient for soap manufacture. The demand for oil in Malawi far outstrips the available raw materials required for extraction. An economic analysis in the Malawi context reveals that the press cake may be obtained at zero net cost as a by-product of oil extraction. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Palakkarai is located within Perundurai. Due to unregulated population growth and industrial development, Perundurai experiences an exponential growth in the vehicular usage and fuel consumption, which results in an increased concentration of particulate matter present in the river water.”collect the palakarai river water to treated.
2.1 Turbidity: The term turbid is applied to waters containing fine suspended impurities (clay, sand, decomposed vegetable and animal matters) that interface with the passage of light through water. Turbidity in water may be measured on standard silica scale. Turbidity meter and Nephelometer are the instruments used for the determination of turbidity in water. The recommended concentration of turbidity in drinking water should be less than 5 units, 2.2 Totalcoliform Using Most Probable Number (MPN) Procedure:
In determining the most probable number of coli forms that were Present in each of the treated water samples. Lactose broth was used as the medium for the bacteria growth. Two types of the lactose broth were prepared. These were the single strength lactose broth (SSLB) and the double strength lactose broth (DSLB).In the single strength, 13.0 g of the lactose powder was weighed and dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water. An amount of 0.08 g Alazin Red was measured and added to the solution. The solution was then stirred gently for 10 min on a magnetic stirrer to dissolve and mix well. The double strength was prepared using exactly a double of each of the weights of the reagents used. This solution was put on a magnetic stirrer and stirred gently for 10 min. A volume of 1.0 ml of the control, 10.0 and 12.0 g of both Moringa and alum treatments supernatants were measured and introduced into test tubes containing 10 ml of the double strength lactose broth and 10 ml of the single strength lactose broth. Another volume of 0.1 ml of the same supernatants above was measured and introduced into another set of test tubes containing 10 ml of the single strength lactose broth. The test tubes were then incubated for 24 h at 37°C after which they were analyzed. 2.3 Coagulants Used: The seeds were harvested when they were fully matured. This is determined by observing if there are any cracked pods on the plants. The pods that were plucked were cracked to obtain the seeds which were air-dried at 40°C for two days. The shells surrounding the seed kernels were removed using knife and the kernels were pounded using laboratory mortar and pestle into powder and sieved using a strainer with a pore size of 2.5 mm2 to obtain a fine powder. This was the coagulant prepared from Moringa. 2.4 Preparation of Seeds Extract: Dry Moringa oleifera seeds were obtained from the Botanical Garden. The seeds were air dried and after being ground up the ground material were sieve No. 26 and kept in a dark well closed container. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Turbidity Removal The initial turbidity of the source water ranged from 58 NTU. Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera expressed as a percentage and normalized to the untreated control is given in Figures. The 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 200 mg/L of powdered coagulant, respectively. Above a coagulant dose of 6g per 600 ml sample volume, efficiency was high at 94% or greater removal. Also, Figures shows the comparative results obtained for alum. 3.2 Total Coliform Reduction Total Coliform for the source water ranged from 62 CFU. Total Coli form reduction for M. oleifera expressed as a percentage and normalized to the untreated control is given in Figures. Removal of turbidity by some benefit of Total Coliform reduction resulting from the attachment of bacteria to the colloidal sol. A reduction of approximately 87% is realized with dosages of 6g per 600 ml sample volume; however, the higher dose as efficient. Total Coliform reduction was similar to the control at the low dosages examined; however, at the 6g at 600 ml dose. Total Coliform counts were essentially zero, reflecting the high turbidity removal achieved concurrent with the possibility of some disinfection at the higher dose.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 497
Table: 1 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 2g M.O Powder
Fig: 1 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 2g M.O Powder Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 200 mg/L of 2g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 200 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 51.7at turbidity and 56at bacterial count. Table: 2 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 4g M.O Powder:
Fig: 2 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 4g M.O Powder Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 200 mg/L of 4g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 200 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 46at turbidity and 48 at bacterial count. Table: 3 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 6g M.O Powder:
Fig: 3 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 6g M.O Powder Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 200 mg/L of 6g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 200 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 42.8at turbidity and 44 at bacterial count.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity, bacterialcount values
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
40
50
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10ml
58
62
20 ml
57.3
61
30 ml
55.8
60
40 ml
54.2
58
50ml
51.7
56
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10ml
50
56
20 ml
48.23
53
30 ml
48
52
40 ml
47.32
50
50ml
46
48
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
46
47
20 ml
45.34
46
30ml
43.5
46
40 ml
43
45
50ml
42.8
44
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 498
Table: 4 Mixture of 400 ml Stream water + 2g M.O Powder:
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
42
43
20ml
40.53
41
30 ml
39.8
40
40 ml
38
38
50ml
37.73
37
Fig: 4 Mixture of 400 ml Stream water + 2g M.O Powder Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 400 mg/L of 2g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 400 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 37.73at turbidity and 37 at bacterial count. Table: 5 Mixture of 400 ml Stream water + 4g M.O Powder:
Fig: 5 Mixture of 400 ml stream water + 4 gm M.O Powder Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 400 mg/L of 4g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 400 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 32.69at turbidity and 32 at bacterial count. Table: 6 Mixture of 400 ml Stream water + 6g M.O Powder:
Fig: 6 Mixture of 400 gm stream water + 6 gm M.O Powder
0
10
20
30
40
50
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
40
50
10 ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
40
10 ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
31
32
20 ml
30.4
30
30 ml
29.53
28
40 ml
28.44
26
50ml
28.27
25
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
37
37
20 ml
35.4
35
30 ml
34.62
34
40 ml
34
34
50ml
32.69
32
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 499
Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 400 mg/L of 4g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 400 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 28.25 at turbidity and 25 at bacterial count. Table: 7 Mixture of 600 ml Stream water + 2g M.O Powder:
Fig: 7 Mixture of 600 gm stream water + 2 gm M.O Powder Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 2g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 200 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 23.69at turbidity and 18 at bacterial count. Table: 8 Mixture of 600 ml Stream water + 4g M.O Powder
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10ml
23
18
20 ml
22.9
17
30 ml
22
15
40 ml
21.64
13
50ml
21
12
Fig: 8 Mixture of 600 gm stream water + 4 gm M.O Powder Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 4g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50ml per 600 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 21 at turbidity and 12 at bacterial count. Table: 9 Mixture of 600 ml Stream water + 6g M.O Powder
Fig: 9 Mixture of 600 gm stream water + 6 gm M.O Powder
0
10
20
30
10ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
10ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
10 ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10ml
27
24
20 ml
26.8
22
30 ml
25
22
40 ml
24.32
20
50ml
23.69
18
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
21
11
20 ml
20.42
10
30 ml
18.85
8
40 ml
17.36
7
50ml
16
6
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 500
Efficiency of turbidity removal for M. oleifera in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 6g powdered coagulant . Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 600 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 16at turbidity and 6 at bacterial count. Table: 10 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 2g Alum
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10ml
58
62
20 ml
57.6
62
30 ml
56.3
61
40 ml
55.8
60
50ml
55
59
Fig: 10 Mixture of 200 gm stream water + 2gmAlum Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 200 mg/L of 2g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 200 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 55 at turbidity and 59 at bacterial count. Table: 11 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 4gAlum:
Fig: 11 Mixture of 200 gm stream water + 4gmAlum Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 200 mg/L of 4g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 200 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 51.7at turbidity and 54 at bacterial count. Table: 12 Mixture of 200 ml Stream water + 6g Alum:
Fig: 12 Mixture of 200 gm stream water + 6gmAlum
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity, Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10 ml
20 ml
30ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10ml
55
59
20 ml
54.39
58
30 ml
53.8
56
40 ml
52
55
50ml
51.7
54
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
50.35
54
20 ml
49.7
52
30ml
49
52
40 ml
48.27
51
50ml
47.53
50
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 501
Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 200 mg/L of 4g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 200 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 47.53at turbidity and 50 at bacterial count. Table: 13 Mixture of 400 ml Stream water + 2g Alum:
Fig: 13 Mixture of 400 gm stream water + 2gmAlum Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 200 mg/L of 6g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml per 200 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 55 at turbidity and 59 at bacterial count. Table: 14 Mixture of 400 ml Stream water + 4g Alum:
Fig: 14 Mixture of 400 gm stream water + 4gmAlum Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 400 mg/L of 4g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 38at turbidity and 40 at bacterial count. Table: 15 Mixture of 400 ml Stream water + 6g Alum
Fig: 15 Mixture of 400 ml Stream water + 6gAlum
0
10
20
30
40
50
10 ml
20ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
40
50
10 ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
40
10 ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterialcount
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
47
49
20ml
46.4
48
30 ml
44
46
40 ml
43.32
46
50ml
42.8
45
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
42
45
20 ml
40.6
44
30 ml
40
42
40 ml
39.4
41
50ml
38
40
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
31
32
20 ml
30.4
30
30 ml
29.53
28
40 ml
28.44
26
50ml
28.27
25
8. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 502
Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 400 mg/L of 6g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 28.25 at turbidity and 25 at bacterial count Table: 16 Mixture of 600 ml Stream water + 2gAlum:
Fig: 16 Mixture of 600 gm stream water + 2gmAlum Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 2g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 55 at turbidity and 59 at bacterial count. Table: 17 Mixture of 600 ml Stream water + 4g Alum:
Fig: 17 Mixture of 600 gm stream water + 4gmAlum Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 4g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 55 at turbidity and 59 at bacterial count. Table: 18 Mixture of 600 ml Stream water + 6gAlum:
Fig: 18 Mixture of 600 ml Stream water + 6gAlum
0
10
20
30
10ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
10ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
0
10
20
30
10 ml
20 ml
30 ml
40 ml
50ml
Turbidity,Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10ml
27
24
20 ml
26.8
22
30 ml
25
22
40 ml
24.32
20
50ml
23.69
18
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10ml
23
18
20 ml
22.9
17
30 ml
22
15
40 ml
21.64
13
50ml
21
12
Mixture
Turbidity
Bacterial count
10 ml
21
11
20 ml
20.42
10
30 ml
18.85
8
40 ml
17.36
7
50ml
16
6
9. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 503
Efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 6g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 55 at turbidity and 59 at bacterial count. Table: 19 Mixture of 200,400, 600 ml Stream water + 6g M.O IN 30 min
Fig: 19 Mixture of 200,400,600 gm stream water + 6gm M.O in 30 min In the time interval of 30 min, efficiency of turbidity removal for M.O in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 6g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 16 at turbidity and 3 at bacterial count. Table: 20 Mixture of 200,400, 600 ml Stream water + 6g ALUM IN 30 min:
Fig: 20 Mixture of 200,400,600 gm stream water + 6gm ALUM in 30 min In the time interval of 30 min, efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 6g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 20 at turbidity and 10 at bacterial count Table: 21 Mixture of 200,400, 600 ml Stream water + 6g M.O IN 40 min:
Fig: 21 Mixture of 200,400,600 gm stream water + 6gm M.O in 40 min
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3
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9.28
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0
10. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 504
In the time interval of 40 min, efficiency of turbidity removal for M.O in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 6g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 5 at turbidity and Nil at bacterial count. Table: 22 Mixture of 200,400, 600 ml Stream water + 6g Alum IN 40 min
Fig: 22 Mixture of 200,400, 600 ml Stream water + 6g Alum In the time interval of 30 min, efficiency of turbidity removal for Alum in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml dose of stock solution per 1000 ml sample volume corresponds to a concentration of 600 mg/L of 6g coagulant. Above a coagulant dose of 50 ml sample volume, efficiency was high removal in 14 at turbidity and 6 at bacterial count. 4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 4.1 Summary: In this phase, water was collected from Palakkarai stream at specified sites. Various Characteristics was analysed at Environmental Engineering laboratory, Moringa Oleifera seed Powder and Kernel powders were prepared and analysis for turbidity removal and bacterial count for different time level. Turbidity removal efficiency of Moringa oleifera was found to increase with increasing dosage. The Moringa oleifera is more effective than Alum. Moringa oleifera has potential to be used in the treatment of stream waters for domestic use in tropical developing countries.
4.2 Conclusions:
This preliminary investigation of the coagulation efficiency of M. oleifera extract shows promise with respect to overall turbidity removal and Total Coliform reduction and substantiates the findings of previous investigators. At the estimated equivalency dose based on applied coagulant mass, comparable removal of turbidity was achieved to that of alum and was on the order of 95% or greater; however, total coliform reduction was not as efficient. Both coagulants exhibited considerable variation in total coliform counts among the six experiments conducted at the equivalency dose. Average reduction was 77%versus 89%, respectively, for M. oleifera and alum. The powdered M.oleifera seeds substantially improve overall coagulation efficiency. REFERENCES:
[1] BUKAR, A., 2UBA, A. AND 1OYEYI, T.I. BAJOPAS Volume 3 Number 1 June 2010
[2] DALEN, M.B., PAM, J. S., IZANG, A. & EKELE, R. Science World Journal Vol 4 (No 4) 2009.
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[11] T.R. PRASHITH KEKUDA, N. MALLIKARJUN , D. SWATHI, K.V. NAYANA MEERA B AIYAR , T.R. ROHINI T R PRASHITH KEKUDA et al, /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.2(1), 2010, 34-37.
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[13] SULEYMAN A. MUYIBI and LILIAN M. EVISON Water Res. Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 1099-1105
0
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50 ml
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Turbidity
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Mixture
Turbidity
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50 ml
37
38
50 ml
17.6
20
50 ml
14
6
11. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 505
[14] M. YARAHMADI, M. HOSSIENI, B. BINA, M.H. MAHMOUDIAN,A. NAIMABADIE AND A. SHAHSAVANWORLD Applied Sciences Journal 7 (8): 962-967, 2009 ZALINOTHMAN,SUBHASHBHATIA,ABDULLATIFAHMAD2International Conference on Environment 2008 (ICENV 2008).