The document discusses waste water treatment and filtration processes. It provides an overview of the status of the Musi River in India, which had become severely polluted due to waste water discharges from urbanization and lack of treatment. It then describes the key components of the National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) Project to treat waste water, including the construction of four sewage treatment plants with a total capacity of 592 million liters per day. It explains the treatment process using various components like screens, conveyor belts, reactors, and discusses completed project components like UASB reactors and filtration methods.

1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
A DESK STUDY ON
AND ITS FILTERATION PROCESS
SPA- JNAFAU
Facilities and Services Planning -I

2. CONTAIN OUTLINES
• Introduction
• Status of Musi River
• Abatement of Pollution to River Musi
• Key Components of the NRCD Project
• Completed Components of the Project
• Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
• Design Consideration
• At a Glance
• Different types of filtration
• An Ideal Water Purifier
LET’S BEGIN

3. INTRODUCTION
QUICK OVERVIEW
• In earlier days, waste water discharges did not pose
problem to water bodies as the nature had the capacity and
the system to degrade wastes and restore normal condition.
• With the advent of urbanization, industrialization and
resultant concentrated massive waste water discharges, the
aquatic systems are overloaded.
• Nature still does, but with the advent of urbanization,
Industrialization and resultant concentrated massive waste
water discharges, the aquatic systems are overloaded.
• The major source of organic pollution in fresh water bodies
is sewage.
• A large number of river stretches are severely polluted as a
result of discharge of domestic sewage.
WHAT IS A
WASTE WATER ?
Wastewater is a term that is used
to describe waste material that
includes industrial liquid waste
and sewage waste that is
collected in towns and urban
areas.

4. WHERE ARE
WASTE WATER
TREATED ?
Waste water that are collected
from towns and urban areas are
treated at Sewage treatment
plants (STPs) as well as sewage
that comes from single houses in
the countryside that is treated
on-site in either septic tanks or
individual wastewater treatment
systems (domestic waste water
treatment systems - DWWTS).
WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING
THIS STPs & OTHER FACILITIES ?
 It is primary responsibility of state governments to
establish sewage treatment and disposal facilities.
• Whatever sewage treatment capacity exists in our country
today were mostly created under schemes financed by
Government of India.
• However there remains a large gap and is widening
because urban population is increasing at a fast rate and
state governments continue to neglect this issue.
• Treatment of domestic sewage & utilization of treated
sewage for irrigation can prevent:
1. Pollution of water bodies,
2. Reduce the demand for fresh water in irrigation sector and
3. Huge savings in terms of nutritional value of sewage in
irrigation.

5. PREVIOUS STATUS OF MUSI RIVER
River Musi emerges from
Anantagiri Hills.
It flows through Vikarabad, Pargi, Chevella,
Kalvakul, Palankul and Golkonda Mandals and
reaches Osman Sagar reservoir at Gandipet.
Due to natural slope of
Hyderabad City, the
wastewater generated
in the Drainage area of
363.43 Sq km is
reaching to River Musi.
The heavy urbanization,
industrialization and also
due to inadequate
sewerage network waste
water is being let into river
Musi through open Nalas
causing pollution.

6. 1200 MLD The amount of water discharged into the River Musi everyday.
80% Amount of water released by people as a sewage into the Musi River.
No. of major drains that discharges raw sewage directly into the Musi River.
In the absence of the properly conserved catchment areas and lack of proper rainfall
in the region, the only water that can flow through Musi is this sewage.
18
ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION TO MUSI RIVER

7. KEY COMPONENT OF NRCD
The Ministry of Environment & Forests, GOI, has approved a project under
National River Conservation Plan of NRCD for laying suitable Conveying
Mains, construction of Interception & Diversion Structures on Nalas and
Sewage Treatment Plants for treatment and disposal of sewage.
Construction of 4 STPs with a 592 MLD capacity totally.
A total of 592 Mld sewage treatment facilities :
• Amberpet- 339 Mld
•Nagole - 172 Mld
•Attapur - 51 Mld
•Nallacheruvu - 30 Mld

8. EXHIBIT OF COMPLETED COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT
COARSE SCREEN FINE SCREEN CONVEYER BELT
Sewage passes through
bar screens for removal
of larger objects.
Fine screens are used to
remove particles that may
cause maintenance issues
for process equipment
and/or operational problems
to the treatment process.
Conveyer belt are used as an
effective method for
transporting bulk materials,
and transporting compactable
and granular solids.

9. WET WELL DISTRIBUTION BOX UASB REACTOR
A wet well is the
area at the
pumping station
where wastewate
r collects to allow
pumping. It is
literally a well of
wastewater.
The distribution box, or D-
box, is a key component of
any sewage disposal system.
Effluent (wastewater) leaves
the septic tank and enters
the distribution box, where
the effluent must be evenly
divided and discharged to
the leaching system.
The UASB is a single tank
process in an anaerobic
centralized or
decentralized industrial
wastewater or black
water treatment system
achieving high removal
of organic pollutants.

10. • Wastewater enters the reactor from the bottom,
and flows upward. A suspended sludge blanket filters
and treats the wastewater as the wastewater flows
through it.
• Bacteria living in the sludge break down organic
matter by anaerobic digestion, transforming it into
biogas.
• Solids are also retained by a filtration effect of the
blanket. The up flow regime and the motion of the
gas bubbles allow mixing without mechanical
assistance.
• Baffles at the top of the reactor allow gases to
escape and prevent an outflow of the sludge
blanket.
• As all aerobic treatments, UASB require a post-
treatment to remove pathogens, but due to a low
removal of nutrients, the effluent water as well as
the stabilized sludge can be used in agriculture.

11. IN OUT
Blackwater, Faecal Sludge,
Brownwater, Faeces, Excreta.
Digested Faecal Sludge,
Fertigation Water.
Design Consideration:
Material: UASB Reactors are constructed out of concrete or another watertight material and
can be designed in a circular or rectangular way.
Capacity: Ranging from 40 m3 – 1200 m3.
Quantity: Produces only 5-10% of sludge and the remaining as an effluent.
Waste Product: Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product.
Methane + Carbon DioxideOrganic Pollution
Anaerobic microorganisms
No oxygen

12. AT A GLANCE
Working Principle: *REFER SLIDE 10*
Reliability : Not resistant to shock loading and sensitive to organic load fluctuations.
Adequacy: The system requires a continuous and stable water flow and energy.
Performance: 60 to 90 % BOD; 60 to 80 % COD and 60 to 85 % TSS
Costs: Investment is comparable to baffled reactors. For operation usually no costs arise beneath
desludging costs and operation of feeding pump.
Self-help Compatibility: Can be constructed with locally available material.
Operation & Maintenance: Desludging is not frequent but feeder pump and control of organic loads
requires skilled staff for operation and maintenance.
Main Strength: High removal of organics and solids (BOD and TSS) with low production of sludge and the
possibility to recover biogas; only little land required.
Main Weakness: Requires skilled staff, electricity and is sensitive to variable flows.

13. Belt Filter Press
Mechanism
Facultative Aerated Lagoon Polishing Pond Chlorine Mixing Tank
Sludge Cake

14. DIFFERENT METHOD OF FILTRATION
Activated Carbon Distillation Ion Exchange
UV Radiation UF Water Filter Reverse Osmosis

15. IDEAL WATER PURIFIER POINTS TO KEEP IN MIND
WHILE BUYING A PURIFIER
• Always choose a water purification
brand that offers excellent after sales
service.
• Kent, Hul, Eureka Forbes and Tata are
some of the trusted water
purification brands in India.
• Most of the Water purifiers comes
with UV Bulb change Alarm and Filter
change Alarm that will notify
you when there is a need to modify
the filters.
• Read the verified and Real user
reviews before you purchase a water
purifier.

16. THANK YOU
HOPE YOU ENJOYED!
THE END