PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Architecture

1. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
SUBMITTED BY-
KUMAR SATYAM
B.ARCH 7TH SEM
ROLL NO. 009

2.  RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
 SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM
 PERCOLATION PIT
 SUMP TANK
 SEPTIC TANK
 GARBAGE BIN
CONTENT

3.  Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the
collection and storage of rain, rather than
allowing it to run off. Rainwater
harvesting differs from
stormwater harvesting as the runoff is
collected from roofs, rather than creeks,
drains, roads or any other land surfaces.
 Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest
and oldest methods of self-supply of
water for households, and residential and
household scale projects usually financed
by the user.
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

4.  The benefits of collecting rainwater are numerous. It reduces the
demand on the municipal water supply. It allows for storage of seasonal
rains for use in off-peak times. Harvesting systems reduce erosion,
property flooding, and contamination by reducing the majority of runoff
from businesses and homes.
 The rainwater that falls on your roof and property is essentially free. All
it takes is a method to harvest it into a tank or cistern for later use.
 It can be used directly so also the stored water can be utilized to
revitalize the ground level water and improve its quality. This also helps
to raise the level of ground water which then can be easily accessible.
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
WHY?

5. RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
HOW?
Selecting a Catchment Area
Look for places where water collects
naturally.
Pave open reservoirs to create a
cistern.
PART-1
Designate a section of your roof.

6. PART-2 Channeling the Runoff
Use your home’s gutters. Direct the water through a secondary
conveyance system
Keep the water close to its
intended destination

7. PART- 4 Collecting the Water
Set out one or more high-capacity
containers
Elevate the barrels for better water
pressure
Install a dedicated cistern
Filter the harvested water

9.  Solar water heating (SWH) is the conversion of sunlight into heat
for water heating using a solar thermal collector. A variety of
configurations is available at varying cost to provide solutions in
different climates and latitudes. SWHs are widely used for
residential and some industrial applications.
 A sun-facing collector heats a working fluid that passes into a
storage system for later use. SWH are active (pumped) and passive
(convection-driven). They use water only, or both water and a
working fluid. They are heated directly or via light-concentrating
mirrors. They operate independently or as hybrids with electric or
gas heaters. In large-scale installations, mirrors may concentrate
sunlight into a smaller collector.
SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM

11.  Cost savings: up to 60%
less energy to heat water, up to 35%
less energy for space heating.
Reduced consumption of fossil
fuels. Solar thermal systems can be
integrated into existing systems.
Modern systems work efficiently
even in winter.
SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM
WHY?

12.  The sun's thermal energy heats the
fluid in the solar collectors. Then,
this fluid passes through
a heat exchanger in the storage
tank, transferring the heat to the
water. The non-freezing fluid then
cycles back to the collectors. ...
Direct systems circulate water
through solar collectors where it is
heated by the sun.
SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM
HOW?

13.  A percolation pit, in its most low-
tech form, is a simple hole dug
into the ground. It facilitates
groundwater recharge through
infiltration of surface runoff into
the soil or rock. Differences to
contour trenches: Better water
storage capability due to greater
depth.
PERCOLATION PIT

14.  Percolation tank is an artificially
created surface water body,
submerging in its reservoir a highly
permeable land, so that surface
runoff is made to percolate and
recharge the ground water
storage.
PERCOLATION PIT
WHY?

15.  Excavation must be done till a
porous soil, weathered rock or
fracture is reached. Generally it
is found at a depth of 6 to 8
feet. You need jelly of different
sizes, and sand for the top of
the pit. The big jelly at the
bottom form large gaps for
the water to pass through
PERCOLATION PIT
HOW?

16. UNDERGROUND SUMP TANK
WHAT -
A sump is an underground (or partially underground) tank
that is popular in India. It is usually used for large water tank
storage and can be built cheaply using cement-like
materials.
It is usually part of a rainwater harvesting system, where the
rainwater gets channeled into the tank, then pumped out
for use.
HOW CONDITIONS –
 The ground should not be rocky close to the surface,
which can hinder the digging and construction process.
 Secondly the groundwater table in the area should not
be very high and should ideally be several meters
below the bottom of the tank.
 Underground sump tanks must not be built very close to
underground sewerage chambers or lines trees like the
coconut which have strong roots that spread widely
existing foundations, especially those that may not be
very deep waste water treatment systems.

17. A sump is an underground (or partially underground)
tank that is popular in India. It is usually used for large
water tank storage and can be built cheaply using
cement-like materials. It is usually part of a rainwater
harvesting system, where the rainwater gets
channeled into the tank, then pumped out for use.
WHY -
Advantages Disadvantages
- Generally cheaper
than above ground
storage tanks
- Water cannot leak
out through an open
tap
- Does not affect the
aesthetics of the
building and the
space above the
tank can be utilized
for other purposes
- Most suited for
large volume
storage tanks (10,000
litres and above)
- Construction is time consuming
- Can affect the foundation of the
building if constructed very close to the
building
- Pumping system required to take out the
water
- Not easy to detect or repair leaks
- Cannot be drained easily and hence
cleaning is a problem
- More prone to contamination
- If the tank or manhole is left uncovered, it
can be a safety hazard
- The tank can be damaged by tree roots
- If not constructed properly, the pressure
exerted by the Earth can also cause
damage to the tank
- Heavy vehicles cannot be driven over
the tank, since the exerted pressures can
cause damage
UNDERGROUND SUMP TANK

18. SEPTIC TANK
WHAT -
A septic tank is an underground chamber made of
concrete, fiberglass, or plastic through which domestic
wastewater (sewage) flows for basic treatment.
Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and
organics, but the treatment efficiency is only moderate
(referred to as "primary treatment").
WHY -
 Septic tank systems are a type of simple onsite sewage
facility (OSSF). They can be used in areas that are not
connected to a sewerage system, such as rural areas.
The treated liquid effluent is commonly disposed in a
septic drain field, which provides further treatment.
 Groundwater pollution may occur and can be a
problem. The term "septic" refers to the anaerobic
bacterial environment that develops in the tank that
decomposes or mineralizes the waste discharged into
the tank. Septic tanks can be coupled with other onsite
wastewater treatment units such as biofilters or aerobic
systems involving artificially forced aeration.

19. SEPTIC TANK
The rate of accumulation of sludge—also called septage or
fecal sludge—is faster than the rate of decomposition.
Therefore, the accumulated fecal sludge must be
periodically removed, which is commonly done with a
vacuum truck.
HOW (EMPTYING )–
 Waste that is not decomposed by the anaerobic
digestion must eventually be removed from the septic
tank. Otherwise the septic tank fills up and wastewater
containing undecomposed material discharges directly
to the drainage field.
 How often the septic tank must be emptied depends
on the volume of the tank relative to the input of solids,
the amount of indigestible solids, and the ambient
temperature (because anaerobic digestion occurs
more efficiently at higher temperatures), as well as
usage, system characteristics and the requirements of
the relevant authority.

20. GARBAGE BIN
WHAT -
A Garbage Bin is a container for temporarily storing waste,
and is usually made out of metal or plastic.
Some common terms are dustbin, waste can, and trash
can.
"Garbage" may refer to food waste specifically (when
distinguished from "trash") or to municipal solid waste in
general. In 1875, the first household rubbish bins were
introduced in Britain to create a regulated system of
collection.
WHY & HOW -
HOUSEHOLD BINS -
In many cities and towns, there is a public waste collection
service which regularly collects household waste from
outside buildings etc. This will be loaded into a garbage
truck and driven to a landfill, incinerator or crush facility to
be disposed of.
Household waste containers are usually either:
 trash cans, receptacles made of metal or plastic
 wheelie bins, light, mobile plastic bins
READYMADE
THRESHING WASTE
CONTAINER

21. GARBAGE BIN
PUBLIC BINS -
Public areas, such as parks, often have litter bins placed to
improve the social environment by encouraging people not
to litter.
Such bins in outdoor locations or other busy public areas are
usually mounted to the ground or wall to discourage theft,
and reduce vandalism, and to improve their appearance
are sometimes deliberately artistic.
In dense urban areas, trash is stored underground below the
receptacle. Many are lined with a plastic or paper bin bag
to help contain liquids.
EVOLUTION -
Foot Pedal - A pedal bin is a container with a lid operated
by a foot pedal. The foot pedal enables the user to open
the lid without touching it with their hands.
Automated - In the 2010s, some bins have begun to include
automated mechanisms such as a lid with infrared
detection on the top of the can powered by batteries to
open it rather than a foot pedal, freeing the user from
touching the bin in any way. Some bin models also include
a small receptable for an air freshener.
SEGREGATED BY WASTE FOR EASY AND SAFE DISPOSAL

22. REFERENCE
google.com
wikipedia

23. Thank you!