1. SHUBHAM GUPTA,
SHIVAM BAJPAI,
“VIT UNIVERSITY”
WATER (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) ACT

3.  The Water Act was enacted by Parliament Act, 1974
purpose to provide for the prevention of control of
water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of
wholesomeness of water. As on day, it is
applicable in all the states of India. In this act,
unless the context, otherwise requires
(i) Occupier
(ii) Outlet
(iii) Pollution
(iv) Trade effluent
Introduction

4.  An Act to provide for the prevention and control of
water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of
wholesomeness of water, for the establishment,
with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid,
of Boards for the prevention and control of water
pollution, for conferring on and assigning to such
Boards powers and functions relating thereto and
for matters connected therewith.
What is it for???????

5.  It provides for maintenance and restoration of
quality of all types of surface and ground water.
 It provides for the establishment of central and state
boards of pollution control.
 It confers them with powers and functions to control
pollution.
 It has provision for funds, budgets, accounts and
audit of the central and state pollution control
boards.
 It also makes provision for various penalties for the
defaulters and procedure for the same.
Features of Act
5

6.  It applies in the first instance to the whole of the
States of Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka,
Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and West
Bengal and the Union Territories.
Application and Commencement

7.  It is the main governmental organization at
central level for prevention and control of water
pollution.
Central Pollution Control Board

8.  It advises the central government in matters
related to prevention and control of water
pollution.
 All the state pollution control boards (SPCBs)
are guided and technically assisted by CPCB.
 It organizes training programs for prevention
and control of pollution at various places
(seminars).
CPCB’s Objectives

9.  It also organizes comprehensive programs on
pollution related issues through mass media.
 It collects, compiles and publishes technical and
statistical data related to pollution.
 It prepares manuals for treatment and disposal
of sewage and trade effluents.
 Lays down standards for water quality
parameters.
CPCB’s Objectives

10.  It plans nation-wide programs for prevention,
control or abatement of pollution.
 It establishes and recognizes laboratories for
analysis of water, sewage or trade effluent
samples.
CPCB’s Objectives

11.  The state pollution control boards (SPCBs) also
have similar functions to be executed at state
level and are governed by the directions of
CPCB.
STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

12.  The board advices the state government with
respect to the locations of any industry that
might pollute a stream, well or any water body.
 It lays down standard for effluents and is
empowered to take samples from any stream,
well or trade effluent or sewage passing through
an industry.
SPCB’s objectives

13.  The state board is empowered to take legal
samples of trade effluent in accordance with the
procedure laid down in the act. The sample taken in
the presence of the occupier or his agent is divided
into 2 parts, sealed, signed by both parties and sent
for analysis to some recognized labs. If the samples
do not conform to the prescribed water quality
standards (crossing maximum permissible limits),
then „consent‟ is refused to the unit.
SPCB’s objectives

14.  Every industry has to obtain consent from the
Board (granted for a fixed duration) by applying
on a prescribed Proforma providing all technical
details, along with a prescribed fee following
which analysis of the effluent is carried out.
 l The Board suggests efficient methods for
utilization, treatment and disposal of trade
effluents.
Spcb’s objectives

15.  CPCB identified 10 polluted stretches for prioritising
pollution control efforts in 1988-89.
 The Number of Stretches increased to 37 during
1992-93.
 The list is now revised to include 86 stretches.
 The concerned State Pollution Control Boards were
asked to take adequate measures to restore the
desired level.
Identification of Polluted
Water Bodies

16. • CPCB identified polluted water bodies, which leads to
formulation of action plan for restoration of the water
body.
• Based on CPCB‟s Recommendations, Ganga Action
Plan was launched in 1986 to restore the WQ of the
Ganga by interception, diversion and treatment of
wastewater from 27 cities/towns located along the river.
• Based on the experience gained during implementation
of the Ganga Action Plan, Govt of India extends river
cleaning programme to other rivers and lakes.
River action plan

17.  Urban sources – National River Action Plan
 Industrial Sources – through consent ( SPCB)
 Special Drives: 17 categories of industries
 Industries discharging into rivers and lakes
 24 Problem areas action plan
 Environmental auditing
 Common effluent treatment plants for cluster of SSI
units (124)
 Promotion of low-waste and no-waste technology
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY

18.  Department of Environment, in december 1984,
prepared an action plan for immediate reduction
of pollution load on the river Ganga. The
Cabinet approved the GAP (Ganga Action
Plan)in April 1985 as a 100 per cent centrally
sponsored scheme.

19.  To oversee the implementation of the GAP and to lay down
policies and programmes, Government of India constituted
the CGA (Central Ganga Authority)in February 1985,
renamed as the NRCA (National River Conservation
Authority)in September 1995, under the chairmanship of the
Prime Minister. The Government also established the GPD
(Ganga Project Directorate)in June 1985 as a wing of
Department of Environment, to execute the projects under
the guidance and supervision of the CGA. The Government
renamed the GPD as the NRCD (National River Conservation
Directorate)in June 1994.

20.  The GAP-I envisaged to intercept, divert and treat 882 mld (Million
litres per day) out of 1340 mld of wastewater, generated in 25 class-
I towns in 3 States of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. The
NRCD had scheduled the GAP-I for completion by March 1990, but
extended it progressively up to March 2000. While the GAP-I was
still in progress, the CGA decided in February 1991 to take up the
GAP-II, covering the following pollution abatement works:
(a) On the tributaries of river Ganga, viz. Yamuna, Damodar and
Gomati.
 (b) In 25 class-I towns left out in Phase-I.
 (c) In the other polluting towns along the river.
GAP I

21.  The CCEA (Cabinet Committee on Economic
Affairs) approved the GAP-II in various stages
during April 1993 to October 1996 . The States
of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Delhi and
Haryana were to implement the GAP-II by
treating 1912 mld of sewage. GAP-II is
scheduled for completion by December 2001.
GAP II

22.  Approved outlays for the GAP-I and the GAP-II
were Rs 462.04 crore and Rs 1276.25 crore
respectively. The Central Government was to bear
the entire expenditure on schemes under the GAP-
I, and to share it equally with the States in the GAP-
II. The Government of India decided in November
1998 to bear the entire expenditure on schemes
from April 1997, as the States found it difficult to
provide their matching share.
Financial profile

23. The table below shows the numbers of selected
towns in the States.
No of towns Total
River
UP Bihar WB Haryana Delhi
GAP-I
Ganga 6 4 15 25
GAP-II
Ganga 16 10 23 *49
Yamuna 8 12 1 **21
Gomati 3 3
Damodar 8 4 12
Total 33 22 42 12 1 110
Selection of towns

24.  Sewage collection system partial or non-
existence
 Interception and diversion of drains - monsoon
runoff
 Operation and maintenance of STPs
 Power supply
 Skilled manpower
Experience from Ganga Action Plan
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25.  High organic load - distilleries
 High TDS - pharmaceuticals, pesticides, rayon,
dye and dye intermediates
 Small scale industries - location (residential
areas), inadequate resources, skill etc.
 Problem with CETPs
Experience from industries

26. Comparision of pollution load generation from domestic and
industrial sources
25000
22900
Industrial Domestic
20000
15000
13468
10000 9478
4580
5000
3510
1776
0
Wastewater gen (mld) BOD Generation (t/d) BOD Discharge (t/d)

27. •This case study research has been conducted in British
Columbia‟s Okanagan Valley. Situated in the southern
interior of the province, the kanagan Valley has
experienced rapid expansion in agriculture and other
resource activities as well as significant population
growth since the mid-1900s. In response to new
provincial drinking water regulations, local water
operators in the Okanagan Valley have attempted to
direct greater attention to drinking water source
protection, the first barrier in the multi-barrier approach
to clean drinking water.
Water Protection in British
Columbia, Canada

28.  This paper examines constraints to source water
protection from the perspective of nonmetropolitan
drinking water operators. The results of this
research indicate that many factors operate beyond
the jurisdiction of local water operators in the
Okanagan to constrain their ability to undertake
effective source water protection. These results are
not geographically unique to the Okanagan region
but are representative of other nonmetropolitan
areas throughout British Columbia.
Water Protection in British
Columbia, Canada

29. Thank you