The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 established the Central Pollution Control Board in India with the objective of preventing and controlling water pollution. The act provides for maintaining water quality, establishing pollution control boards at the central and state levels, and penalties for defaulters. It applies initially to several states and union territories. The Central Pollution Control Board advises the central government on pollution control and guides state pollution control boards. State boards implement similar functions at the state level. Several programs have been implemented to reduce pollution in water bodies, including the Ganga Action Plan to improve the Ganga river's water quality.

1. Central Pollution
Control Board
The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974
Presented by
ONKAR CHAUHAN
Civil Engineering

2. Introduction
• Central pollution control board was established under statutory provisions of
water(prevention & control of pollution) Act, 1974with main objective of maintaining or
restoring of wholesomeness of water.
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3. What is it for?
An Act to provide for the prevention
and control of water pollution
the maintaining or restoring of
wholesomeness of water.
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4. Features of Act
It provides for
maintenance and
restoration of quality
of all types of surface
and ground water.
It provides for the
establishment of
central and state
boards of pollution
control.
It confers them with
powers and
functions to control
pollution.
It has provision for
funds, budgets,
accounts and audit
of the central and
state pollution
control boards.
It also makes
provision for various
penalties for the
defaulters and
procedure for the
same.
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5. Application and Commencement
• It applies in the first instance to the whole of the States of Assam, Gujarat,
Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan and West Bengal and the Union Territories.
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6. Central Pollution Control Board
• It is the main governmental
organization at central level
for prevention and control
of water pollution.
November 18, 2014 Presented by T.Sruthi6

7. CPCB’s Objectives
• It advises the central government in matters related to prevention and control
of water pollution.
• All the state pollution control boards (SPCBs) are guided and technically
assisted by CPCB.
• It organizes training programs for prevention and control of pollution at
various places
(seminars).
• It also organizes comprehensive programs on pollution related issues through
mass media.
• It collects, compiles and publishes technical and statistical data related to
pollution.
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8. CPCB’s Objectives
• It prepares manuals for treatment and disposal of sewage and trade effluents.
• Lays down standards for water quality parameters.
• It plans nation-wide programs for prevention, control or abatement of
pollution.
• It establishes and recognizes laboratories for analysis of water, sewage or trade
effluent samples.
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9. STATE POLLUTION
CONTROL BOARD
The state pollution control boards
(SPCBs) also have similar functions
to be executed at state level and are
governed by the directions of CPCB.
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10. SPCB’s objectives
• The board advices the state government with respect to the locations of any industry
that might pollute a stream, well or any water body.
• It lays down the standard of treatment of sewage and trade effluents to be discharge
into the any stream.
• Inspecting trade effluents and waste water treatment plant.
• Planning a comprehensive programme for prevention ,control and abatement of
pollution of stream and well.
• Conducting and encouraging investigation and research relating to different aspect of
water pollution.
• The state board is empowered to take legal samples of trade effluent in accordance
with the procedure laid down in the act. The sample taken in the presence of the
occupier or his agent is divided into 2 parts, sealed, signed by both parties and sent for
analysis to some recognized labs. If the samples do not conform to the prescribed
water quality standards (crossing maximum permissible limits), then ‘consent’ is
refused to the unit.
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11. SPCB’s objectives
• Every industry has to obtain consent from the Board (granted for a fixed
duration) by applying on a prescribed Proforma providing all technical
details, along with a prescribed fee following which analysis of the effluent is
carried out.
• The Board suggests efficient methods for utilization, treatment and disposal of
trade effluents.
• To collaborate with the central government for training personnel for
handling water pollution programme and organiseing related mass education
programme.
• Establishing the recognising laboratories for analysis of sample.
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12. Identification of Polluted Water Bodies
• CPCB identified 10 polluted stretches for prioritising pollution control efforts
in 1988-89.
• The Number of Stretches increased to 37 during 1992-93.
• The list is now revised to include 86 stretches (by 2011)
• The concerned State Pollution Control Boards were asked to take adequate
measures to restore the desired level.
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13. GAP
• Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase-I was launched in the year 1985 to improve
the water quality of river Ganga and was completed in March 2000.
• Diversion and treatment of domestic sewage and present toxic and industrial
chemical wastes from identified grossly polluting units entering in to the river.
The other objectives of the GangaAction Plan are as under.
• Control of non-point pollution from agricultural run off, human defecation, cattle
wallowing and throwing of unburnt and half burnt bodies into the river.
• Research and Development to conserve the biotic, diversity of the river to augment its
productivity.
• New technology of sewage treatment like Up-flowAnaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
and sewage treatment through afforestation has been successfully developed.
• Resource recovery options like production of methane for energy generation and use
of aquaculture for revenue generation have been demonstrated.
• To act as trend setter for taking up similar action plans in other grossly polluted
stretches in other rivers.
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14. Contd..
• Phase-II of the programme was approved in
stages from 1993 onwards which included
tributaries of the river Ganga namely, Yamuna,
Gomti, Damodar and Mahananda.
• Pollution abatement works undertaken
include,
• interception and diversion of raw sewage,
• setting up of sewage treatment plants,
creation of low cost sanitation facilities,
• setting up of electric/improved wood
crematoria and river front development.
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15. Contd…
• GAP Phase–II is currently under implementation. An expenditure of Rs. 896.05
crore has been incurred so far on Ganga under GAP and sewage treatment
capacity of 1064 mld (million litres per day) has been created.
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13468
9478
1776
22900
4580
3510
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Wastewater gen (mld) BOD Generation (t/d) BOD Discharge (t/d)
Comparision of pollution load generation from domestic and industrial sources
Industrial Domestic

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Thank you
presented by
ONKAR CHAUHAN
Civil Engineering