The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

1. Central Pollution
Control Board
The Water (Prevention and Controlof
Pollution) Act, 1974
Presentedby
Mr.
Kuldeep
Vyas

2. Introduction
• Centralpollutioncontrolboardwasestablishedunderstatutoryprovisionsof
water(prevention&controlofpollution)Act,1974withmainobjectiveofmaintainingor
restoringofwholesomenessofwater.
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3. What isitfor?
AnActtoprovidefortheprevention
andcontrolofwaterpollution
themaintainingorrestoringof
wholesomenessofwater.
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4. FeaturesofAct
Itprovidesfor
maintenanceand
restorationofquality
ofalltypesofsurface
andgroundwater.
Itprovidesforthe
establishmentof
centralandstate
boardsofpollution
control.
Itconfersthemwith
powersand
functionstocontrol
pollution.
Ithasprovisionfor
funds,budgets,
accountsandaudit
ofthecentraland
statepollution
control boards.
Italsomakes
provisionforvarious
penaltiesforthe
defaultersand
procedureforthe
same.
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5. ApplicationandCommencement
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• ItappliesinthefirstinstancetothewholeoftheStatesofAssam,Gujarat,
Haryana,HimachalPradesh,JammuandKashmir,Karnataka,Kerala,Madhya
Pradesh,RajasthanandWestBengalandtheUnionTerritories.

6. CentralPollutionControl Board
• Itisthemaingovernmental
organizationatcentrallevel
forpreventionandcontrol
ofwaterpollution.
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7. CPCB’sObjectives
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• Itadvisesthecentralgovernmentinmattersrelatedtopreventionandcontrol of
waterpollution.
• All thestatepollutioncontrolboards(SPCBs)areguidedandtechnically
assistedbyCPCB.
• Itorganizestrainingprogramsforpreventionandcontrolofpollution at
various places
(seminars).
• Italsoorganizescomprehensiveprogramsonpollutionrelatedissuesthrough
massmedia.
• It collects, compiles and publishes technical and statistical data relatedto
pollution.

8. CPCB’sObjectives
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• It prepares manuals for treatment and disposal of sewage and trade effluents.
• Laysdownstandardsforwaterqualityparameters.
• Itplansnation-wideprogramsforprevention,controlorabatementof
pollution.
• Itestablishesandrecognizeslaboratoriesforanalysisofwater, sewageortrade
effluent samples.

9. STATEPOLLUTION
CONTROL BOARD
Thestatepollutioncontrolboards
(SPCBs)alsohavesimilarfunctions
tobeexecutedatstatelevelandare
governedbythedirectionsofCPCB.
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10. SPCB’s objectives
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• Theboardadvicesthestategovernmentwithrespecttothelocationsofany
industrythatmightpolluteastream,welloranywaterbody.
• Itlaysdownstandardforeffluentsandisempoweredtotakesamplesfrom
anystream,wellortradeeffluentorsewagepassingthroughanindustry.
• Thestateboardisempoweredtotakelegalsamplesoftradeeffluentin
accordancewiththeprocedurelaiddownintheact.Thesampletakeninthe
presenceoftheoccupierorhisagentisdividedinto2parts,sealed,signedby
bothpartiesandsentforanalysistosomerecognizedlabs.If thesamplesdo not
conformtotheprescribedwaterqualitystandards(crossingmaximum
permissiblelimits), then‘consent’isrefusedtothe unit.

11. SPCB’s objectives
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• EveryindustryhastoobtainconsentfromtheBoard(grantedforafixed
duration)byapplyingonaprescribedProformaprovidingalltechnical details,
alongwithaprescribedfeefollowingwhichanalysisoftheeffluentis carried
out.
• TheBoardsuggestsefficientmethodsforutilization,treatmentanddisposalof
trade effluents.

12. IdentificationofPollutedWaterBodies
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• CPCBidentified10pollutedstretchesforprioritisingpollutioncontrolefforts
in 1988-89.
• TheNumberofStretchesincreasedto37during1992-93.
• Thelistisnowrevisedtoinclude86stretches(by2011)
• TheconcernedStatePollutionControlBoardswere askedtotakeadequate
measurestorestorethedesiredlevel.

13. GAP
• GangaAction Plan (GAP) Phase-I was launched in the year 1985 to improve
the water quality of riverGanga and was completed in March 2000.
• Diversion and treatment of domestic sewage and present toxic and industrial
chemical wastes from identified grossly polluting units entering in to the river.
The other objectives of the GangaAction Plan are asunder.
• Control of non-point pollution from agricultural run off, human defecation, cattle
wallowing and throwing of unburnt and half burnt bodies into the river.
• Research and Development to conserve the biotic, diversity of the river to augment its
productivity.
• New technology of sewage treatment like Up-flowAnaerobic Sludge Blanket(UASB)
and sewage treatment through afforestation has been successfully developed.
• Resource recovery options like production of methane for energy generation and use
of aquaculture for revenue generation have been demonstrated.
• Toact as trend setter for taking up similar action plans in other grossly polluted
stretches in other rivers.
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14. Contd..
• Phase-II of the programme was approved
in stages from 1993 onwards which
included tributaries of the river Ganga
namely, Yamuna, Gomti, Damodar and
Mahananda.
• Pollution abatement works undertaken
include,
• interception and diversion of raw sewage,
• setting up of sewage treatment plants,
creation of low cost sanitation facilities,
• setting up of electric/improved wood
crematoria and river front development.
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15. Contd…
• GAP Phase–II is currently under implementation. An expenditure of Rs. 896.05
crore has been incurred so far on Ganga under GAP and sewage treatment
capacity of 1064 mld (million litres per day) has been created.
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16. 13468
9478
1776
22900
4580
3510
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Wastewater gen (mld) BOD Generation (t/d) BOD Discharge(t/d)
Comparision of pollution load generation from domestic and industrial sources
Industrial Domestic
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Thank you