This document discusses waste water management and provides information on the topic in India. It begins with defining black and grey water and outlining the objectives of understanding basic definitions, the status of municipal wastewater in India, analyzing reforms, and government initiatives. It then covers waste water management approaches of reuse, recycle, and discharge. Key points include that only 20% of domestic and 60% of industrial wastewater is treated in India and cities are only treating 29.2% of their wastewater. The document also outlines reforms, benefits of reforms, categories of wastewater treatment, and government initiatives in India including funding programs.

1. WASTE WATER
MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY: IMAN GHOSH(TECH-24), MD RAHEL SK.(TECH-33), KOLLOL
CHANDRA(TECH-32), TAPAS BISWAS(TECH-35), SAGNIK SAMANTA(TECH-13)
B.TECH (AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING),5TH SEMESTER

2. Aim
to understand and analyse the
concept of waste water management
in order to achieve Sustainable
development
Objectives
 To understand the basic definations & concepts with
respect to waste water management.
 Status of municipal wastewater in INDIA.
 To analyse Reforms present for waste water
management.
 Know about Wastewater Treatment.
 Government initiatives in INDIA

3. INTRODUCTION
1. Wastewater is generally divided into two categories: black water & grey water.
2. Black water refers to toilet waste & grey water refers to the remaining from sinks, showers, laundry etc.
3. Untreated or improperly treated wastewater contains biological contaminations known to cause disease.
4. Wastewater is not safe to drink and discharging this water directly into the environment(onto the ground or into the water body) can pose health
and safety problems.
5. Also changes in wastewater temperatures affect the settling rates, dissolved oxygen levels, and biological action.
6. The colour of wastewater containing Dissolved oxygen(DO) is normally grey. Black – coloured water usually accompanied by foul odours,
containing little or no DO, is to be septic.

4. WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
Wastewater management encompasses a broad range of efforts that promote effective and responsible water use, treatment, and
disposal and encourage the protection and restoration of watersheds.
Reuse
I. Some relatively clean
wastewater can be reused
without treatment.
II. 50-80% of domestic
wastewater.
III. Reused for irrigation and
flushing toilets.
Recycle
I. Wastewater can be
treated(on-site or off-site)
and reused for nondrinking
purposes.
II. Closed loop treatment
systems are often used to
capture, treat, and reuse
wastewater onsite.
III. Wastewater reclamation
involves treating the
wastewater and using it for a
different purpose.
Discharge
I. Wastewater is transported to
an(on-site or off-site)
treatment facility, treated,
and discharged into a water
body.
II. These treated water can be
discharged and reused, which
can be used for watering in a
garden or other washing
purposes.

5. Municipal Wastewater in India
 It is estimated that about 38,254 million litres per day(mld) of wastewater is generated in urban centres comprising
Class I cities and Class II towns having population of more than 50,000 (according for more than 70 percent of the
total urban population)
Wastewater Generation and Treatment Capacity in Urban Centres
parameter Class I cities Class II cities
1978-79 1989-90 1994-95 2003-04 2009 1978-79 1989-90 1994-95 2003-04 2009
Number 142 212 299 423 423 190 241 345 498 498
Population(millions)60 102 128 187 187 12.8 20.7 23.6 37.5 37.5
Water supply(mld)8638 15191 20607 29782 44448 1533 1622 1936 3035 3371
0
Wastewater
Generated(mld) 7007 12145 16662 23826 35558 1226 1280 1650 2428 2696
Wastewater
treated(mld) 2756 2685 4037 6955 11553 67 27 62 89 234
(percent) (39) (20.5) (24) (29) (5.44) (2.12) (3.37) (3.67)
Wastewater 4251 9668 12625 16871 24004 1160 1252 1588 2339 2463
Untreated(%) (61) (79.5) (76) (71) (94.36) (97.88) (96.27) (96.33)
 It is expected, gross wastewater generation by 2051 in INDIA will reach to 120000 mld.

6. Reforms in India for waste water
management
1. Wastewater management in India has become an extremely important area of focus due to increasing health
awareness and population pressure. Despite the wastewater sector witnessing major growth in last decade due to
increasing government support and private participation, the scale of the problem remains enormous.
2. For instance, it is estimated that less than 20% of domestic and 60% industrial wastewater is treated. Metros and
large cities(more than 100,000 inhabitants) are treating only about 29.2% of their wastewater, smaller cities treat
only 3.7% of their wastewater
 REFORM components :
Components Description
Legal and Institutional • Proper legal and institutional framework to allow for water reuse.
• Define rules and responsibility of agency/department.
Operational • Conduct feasibility studies for identifying reuse technology and
application.
• Implement monitoring requirements.
Social • Conduct public education campaign and awareness programmes
in schools, offices, community spaces.

7. BENEFITS from the REFORM:
For Citizens:
i. Reliable local supply.
ii. Improvement in quality of life due adequate availability of water.
iii. Cleaner environment through reduce pollution level.
For ULBs:
i. Improved service delivery and therefore financial recovery.
ii. Increase efficiency in allocation and utilisation of resource.
iii. Saving of cost for sewage treatment and disposal.
For State Government:
i. Efficient allocation of resources since reuse will lead to postponement of need for augmenting supplies and water recycling.

8. Wastewater Treatment Categorization
Primary
 Primary clarification
 Chlorination
Secondary
 Activated sludge
 Trickling filter
Advanced
• Unit operation
• Unit processes
• N, P, SS etc.
I. Advanced wastewater treatment plant can remove N&P. (N Can
be removed by nitrification & DE nitrification process)(P Can be
removed by alternating anaerobic/aerobic treatment of
wastewater, iy is known as Enhanced Biological Phosphorus
Removal -EBPR)
II. It remove additional BOD&TSS that secondary treatment can
not remove.
III. AWT Utilises chemical, biological & physical.

9. 1) Setting up and Energy Fund : In the Union Budget
2010-11; the Government announced the setting up of
the NCEF for all funding research and innovative
projects within clean technologies.
2) Initiating west management programmes :
Government has set up JNNURM program to fund
cities for developing urban infrastructure and services.
These reforms has to be effectively followed.
3) Budget expansion : Plan outlay for the Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy has increased by 61% from $99
Million in 2009-10 to $160 Million in 2010-11.
4) Encouraging Public- Private Partnerships: Through
economic incentives, both the Central And State
Governments are promoting PPPs, for the
development of infrastructure for environmental
services.

10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Wastewater Management is relatively low in INDIA compared to other countries. But it is necessary to adopt
this approach of REUSE, RECYCLE & DISCHARGE to decrease environmental pollution and to reach the water
demands.
It is also essential for all of us as urban planners to notice that, it is not possible to always adopt the same
technologies & strategies in all scenarios, as their exists different constraints. But we all should have the knowledge
of different methods in order to achieve sustainable development.