water scarcity conservation water water saving problems of water scarcity causes of water scarcity types of water conservation types of water scarcity factors of water scarcity

1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, BHARUCH
Gujarat
Technological
UniversityBranch : Mechanical (Sem -1)
Name : Rana Keyur K.
Enrollment no. : 170140119094
Subject : Environmental Studies (2110007)

2. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Topic:
Water scarcity &
Conservation of Water

3. WATER SCARCITY

4.  The quantity of water on the earth is
so huge that a layer of 3 m depth
can be provided on the earth surface
,but out of the total quantity of
water , 97% water is saline and
hardly 3% water is fresh . Out of
this 3% , 2% is locked in icecaps at
polar regions. Only 1% water is
available for human consumption,
out of which 0.75% water is stored
underground.

5. Water scarcity
 Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water
resources to meet water needs within a region. It affects
every continent and around 2.8 billion people around the
world at least one month out of every year. More than 1.2
billion people lack access to clean drinking water.
 The problem of drinking water is becoming more serious
day to day. The problem has not remained confined to rural
areas, but has spread to urban area as well. The per capita
availability of water is decreasing due to rise in population
and improper management.

6. Types of Water scarcity
 Physical water scarcity
Physical water scarcity is the situation when there is not enough water to meet all
demands, such as those required by an ecosystem to function effectively. Arid regions
frequently suffer from physical water scarcity. This can happen where there is
overdevelopment of hydraulic infrastructure, often for irrigation. Symptoms of
physical water scarcity include environmental degradation and declining ground
water.
 Economic water scarcity
Economic water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in water infrastructure or
insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand of water in areas where the
population cannot afford to use an adequate source of Symptoms of economic water
scarcity include a lack of infrastructure, with people often having to fetch water from
rivers or lakes for domestic and agricultural uses (irrigation). Although much emphasis
is put on improving water sources for drinking and domestic purposes, more water is
used for other uses such as bathing, laundry, and cleaning than for drinking and
cooking alone.

7. Factors Causing Water Scarcity
1. High population
2. Higher population growth rate
3. Non-uniform distribution of rainfall causing floods &
droughts
4. Non-uniform distribution of water over the space &
time
5. Improper water management
6. Unscientific methods of irrigation
7. Global warming
8. Environmental pollution
9. Climatic changes

8.  Lack of Access to Drinking
Water
 Hunger
 Lack of Education
 Diseases
 Sanitation Issues
 Poverty
 Education
 Recycle Water
 Advance Technology
Related to Water
Conservation
 Improve Practices Related to
Farming
 Improve Sewage Systems
 Support Clean Water
Initiatives
Solutions for Water ScarcityEffects of Water Scarcity

9. CONSERVATION OF WATER

10. Conservation of water
 Conservation of water means careful, sensible and
judicious (justified) use of water. It includes all the policies,
strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural
resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to
meet the current and future human demand.
 Excessive and unplanned use of water has depleted our
water resources. Hence this is immediate need for the
conservation of water.

11. Measures for water conservation
a. Domestic conservation
b. Industrial conservation
c. Agricultural conservation

12. Domestic conservation
 Verify your home is leakage free. Repair
dripping tapes by replacing washers. use
water sufficient flushes in the toilet. Turn
off water while brushing teeth. Close
faucets(Taps) while rinsing clothes.
 Use waste water of clothes to clean floor.
Operate automatic washing machine
when its fully loaded. While going
outdoor, turn off main valve for water.
 Minimize grass loans in your yard
because less grass means water saving.
don’t wash floor with hose(water supply
pipe). Use broom. Use sprinkler in your
garden for watering the plants.

13. Industrial conservation
 Install waste water treatment plant
in the factory for treating waste
water. Reuse the cooling water for
gardening or irrigation. Use such
cooling system which require less
water. Use cooling towers & dry
cooling system.
 Conduct regular survey and
examination to find the ways for
conserving water. Also conduct
awareness programs at employ level.
 It’s good idea to install high pressure
but low volume spray nozzles on
spray washers. check the efficiency
of water equipment on regular basis.

14. Agricultural conservation
 Improved methods of irrigation like drip irrigation and sprinkler
irrigation system must be used. Conventional flooding method of
irrigation should be discouraged. water meters should be
installed and cultivators should be charged on the volumetric
basis.
 Reducing losses from canals. Canals should be lined to reduced
seep-age losses. creating awareness among the farmers about the
importance of water, to reduced the wastage of water.
 By constructing structures like,
• Check dams
• Khet Talawadi
• Gabian structure
• Gully plugging