This document discusses rainwater harvesting in India. It notes that India has experienced some climate changes in recent decades, including a warming trend along parts of the coast and inland areas and a cooling trend in northwest India. Regional monsoon patterns have also varied, with some areas receiving more rainfall and others less. The document then provides details on rainwater harvesting techniques in India such as collection from rooftops and storage in ponds, tanks, and underground reservoirs. It discusses factors to consider for rainwater harvesting such as collection area, runoff characteristics, and water quality. Design and operational procedures are also outlined.

1. Rain Water Harvesting12.9.2011Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar ReddyCEO, GEOhttp://e-geo.orgCentre for Cultural Resources Training(Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India), Hyderabad

3. Climate Changes in IndiaIncrease in surface temperature by 0.4 degree C over the past century.

4. Warming trend along the west coast, in central India, the interior peninsula, and northeastern India.

5. Cooling trend in northwest India and parts of South India.

6. Regional monsoon variations: increased monsoon seasonal rainfall along the west coast, northern Andhra Pradesh and North-western India, decreased monsoon seasonal rainfall over eastern Madhya Pradesh, North-eastern India, and parts of Gujarat and Kerala.3

7. Climate Changes in IndiaObserved trends of multi-decadal periods of more frequent droughts, followed by less severe droughts.

8. Studies have shown a rising trend in the frequency of heavy rain events and decrease in frequency of moderate events over central India from 1951 to 2000.

9. Records of coastal tide gauges in the north Indian ocean for the last 40 years has revealed an estimated sea level rise between 1.06-1.75 mm per year.

10. The available monitoring data on Himalayan glaciers indicates recession of some glaciers.4

11. Per-capita Carbon –dioxide emission (Metric Tons)

14. WASTED WATERThe Barefoot College, Tilonia

15. STRUGGLE FOR WATERThe Barefoot College, Tilonia

16. POLLUTED WATERThe Barefoot College, Tilonia

17. The Barefoot College, Tilonia

18. Roof top rainwater harvestingAt AVANI, Berinag, Uttarakhand

19. RECHARGE WELLSWhile it would normally take between 20-30 years for water to percolate 100 feet from an open tank, it has been noticed in an open well 300,000 litres can percolate to the same depth within a week.The Barefoot College, Tilonia

20. Every drop counts

21. INDIA’S LAND RESOURCE, IRRIGATION AND FOOD PRODUCTION India has 2% of world’s land, 4% of freshwater, 16% of population, and 10% of its cattle.

22. Geographical area = 329 Mha of which 47% (142 Mha) is cultivated, 23% forested, 7% under non-agri use, 23% waste.

23. Per capita availability of land 50 years ago was 0.9 ha, could be only 0. 14 ha in 2050.uk-energy-saving.com

24. Out of cultivated area, 37% is irrigated which produces 55% food; 63% is rain-fed producing 45% of 200 M t of food. In 50 years (ultimate), proportion could be 50:50 producing 75:25 of 500 M t of required food.

25. Freshwater management in IndiaAnupma Sharma

26. What Is Rainwater Harvesting?RWH technology consists of simple systems to collect, convey, and store rainwater. Rainwater capture is accomplished primarily from roof-top, surface runoff, and other surfaces. RWH either captures stored rainwater for direct use (irrigation, production, washing, drinking water, etc.) or is recharged into the local ground water and is call artificial recharge. In many cases, RWH systems are used in conjunction with Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR). ASR is the introduction of RWH collected rainwater to the groundwater / aquifer through various structures in excess of what would naturally infiltrate then recovered for use

27. Why Rainwater Harvesting?Conserve and supplement existing water resources Available for capture and storage in most global locationsPotentially provide improved quality of waterSupply water at one of the lowest costs possible for a supplemental supply source. Capturing and directing storm water (run-off) and beneficially use it Commitment as a corporate citizen - showcasing environmental concernsPublic Mandate (India)Replenishing local ground water aquifers where lowering of water tables has occured

28. Why Not RWH?Not applicable in all climate conditions over the worldPerformance seriously affected by climate fluctuations that sometimes are hard to predictIncreasingly sophisticated RWH systems (ASR) necessarily increases complexities in cost, design, operation, maintenance, size and regulatory permittingCollected rainwater can be degraded with the inclusion of storm water runoffCollected water quality might be affected by external factorsCollection systems require monitoring and continuous maintenance and improvement to maintain desired water quality characteristics for water end-useCertain areas will have high initial capital cost

29. CondensationLet’s take a look atThe Water CyclePrecipitationEvapotranspirationEvaporationInfiltrationSurface RunoffSurface WaterConsumptionGroundwater.ppt (21)Sea water intrusion

30. Design and Feasibility Criteria

31. Collection Area and CharacteristicsMeasure Area Runoff CharacteristicsRoof top 0.75 – 0.95Paved area 0.50 – 0.85 Bare ground 0.10 – 0.20 “Green area” 0.05 – 0.10 Water harvesting potential(m3) = Area (m2) X Rainfall (m) X Collection Efficiency

32. Quality IssuesRoofs contain: bird droppings, atmospheric dust, industrial and urban air pollution

33. Operational Procedures and Design Considerations

34. GEO WATER FILTERSANDCHARCOALGRAVEL AND SANDTHREE 15 LITER TIN CANS, SAND, GRAVEL , TAP AND PVC PIPE

35. Operational Procedures and Design Considerations

36. Storage Ponds and ReservoirsArtificial recharge of GroundwaterWater TanksRainwater runoff in surface waterRainwater runoff in groundwaterRainwater runoff in tanksEffluent in surface waterEffluent in ground waterEvery drop counts

37. Every drop counts

38. Every drop counts

40. Every drop counts

41. Jnnurm – URBAN RAIN WATER HARVESTING

42. Means of water conservation

43. Water Conservation…Every drop counts!!!Prof. T. I. Eldho ,

44. Water ConservationWater conservation interventions includes contour trenches, gully plugging, vegetative and field bunding, percolation tanks. Overall land treatment against potential area is varying between 40-60%. Type of land ownership for soil and water conservation measures Techniques of soil and water conservation measures Prof. T. I. Eldho ,

46. THANK YOU