The document discusses water management and the hydrologic cycle. It describes how water evaporates from oceans, rises through the atmosphere, condenses to form clouds, and falls as precipitation over land and into streams, underground, or absorbed by plants. It also discusses water contamination from biological, chemical, and industrial sources, as well as problems like depletion of water tables, pollution, and scarcity. The Philippine Clean Water Act aims to protect water bodies from pollution through multi-sectoral cooperation and enforcement.

1. Water and Waste Water
Management
Water as Vital Entity on Earth

2. Water
• It is considered as the universal solvent.
• Chemically made up of 2 atoms hydrogen
and 1 atom oxygen.
• It is an evidence that supports life.
• It is considered as the most familiar and
unusual compound on earth and the
common liquid on the surface of the
planet.

3. Reasons
• Ice the solid form of water is less dense
than liquid. It forms on the surface of the
lakes and insulates the lower layers of
water that enables the possibility of marine
life.
• Water has higher density than other liquid
• It has high specific heat capacity giant
thermostat that to regulate or moderate
temperature variations.

4. Cont….
• Water has high heat vaporization that is
large amount of heat is required to
evaporate a small amount of water.
• The molecule of water is highly polar.
• ¾ of the earth is composed of water that
is 98% salt water, 1% ice, 1% fresh water
• The Water or Hydrologic Cycle Review

5. The Hydrologic Cycle
The hydrologic cycle. Water evaporates from oceans, rises through
atmosphere, condenses to form clouds, is then released as precipitation
that may flow over land in streams, sink underground, or be absorbed by
plants.
The Good Earth/Chapter 11: Streams and Floods

6. The Hydrologic Cycle
Most of the water on land is stored in ice or groundwater.
The Good Earth/Chapter 11: Streams and Floods

9. Water Contamination
• Biological human wastes dumped on ground or into
nearest stream tend to cause the spread of disease
causing organisms.
• Chemical released from farm, factory and home which
are products of industrial revolution specifically wastes
from factories, used of fertilizers and pesticides, oil spills
in the oceans, estuaries and rivers, acid spills and
household chemicals (Ground water contamination
toxic chemicals such as hydrocarbons solvents of
benzene, toluene, chlorinated HC, methylene chloride
and trichloroethylene, LUST leaking underground
storage tanks )
• Sea water intrusion

10. Water Problems
• Depletion of Water Table
• Land Subsidence
• Water Pollution
• Water Scarcity

11. Reasons for severe water shortage
• Rapidly increasing population
• Rising demands by agriculture, industry
and cities
• Urban use and waste water
• Unequal distribution
• Pollution

12. Classifications of Water
• Soft Water
• Hard Water – minerals

13. Indicators of Water Quality
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Total dissolved gas concentrations in
water should not exceed 110 percent.
• Bubble gas disease (emphysema)
• Oxygen level should not drop to 5 mg/L.
• Massive Fish Killing

14. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
• It is the amount of dissolved oxygen
needed by aerobic biological organisms in
a body of water to break down organic
material present in a given water sample
at certain temperature over a specific time
period.
• High BOD means high organic matter or
aerobic organisms

15. Coliforms

16. Waste Water Treatment Plants
• Raw Water
• Pre Treatment – NaOH or Alum
• Settling and Filtration
• Chlorination
• pH correction
• distribution

17. Others…
• Activated charcoal
• Bioremediation
• La Mesa Watersheds

18. Clean Water Act from the water
management section EMB-DENR, Quezon
City
• The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A.
9275) aims to protect the country’s water bodies
from pollution or land based sources ( industries,
commercial establishments, agriculture and
community household activities ).
• It provides for a comprehensive and integrated
strategy to prevent and minimize pollution
through a multi sectoral and participatory
approach involving all the stakeholders.

19. R.A. 9275 inhibits the following:
• Discharging or depositing any water pollutant to the water body ,or such
which impede the its natural flow.
• Discharging, injecting or allowing to enter into the soil anything that pollutes
ground water.
• Operating facilities that discharge regulated water pollutants without
required valid permits.
• Disposal of potentially infectious medical waste into sea by vessels.
• Unauthorized transport or dumping into waters of sewage sludge or solid
waste
• Transport, dumping or discharge of prohibited chemicals, substances or
pollutants listed under toxic chemicals, hazardous and nuclear wastes
control act of 6969
• Refusal to allow entry, inspection and monitoring as well as access to
reports and records by the DENR in accordance with this act.
• Using booster pumps directly
• Operate facilities that discharge or allow to seep, willfully or through grave
negligence, prohibited chemicals, substances or pollutants

20. Who implements?
• DENR
• Philippine Coast Guard shall enforce water quality standards in
marine waters specifically from offshore sources.
• DPWH provides sewerage and sanitation facilities, and the
efficient and safe collection, treatment and disposal of sewage
within their area of jurisdiction.
• DOA shall formulate guidelines for the re-use of waste water for
irrigation and other agricultural uses.
• DOH shall set, revise and enforce drinking water quality
standards.
• DOST shall evaluate, verify and disseminate pollution prevention
and cleaner production technologies.
• DEPED,HEI and DILG public education
• wetlands