Water quality monitoring, status of groundwater contamination, wastewater management & initiatives taken up.

1. By
Prof. S.P.Gautam
FORMER CHAIRMAN
CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
DELHI,INDIA

3. ENVIRONMENT- INDIAN TRADITION

4. INDIAN RESOURCES
*
Mountains
*
Snow Fields
*
Deserts
*
Plains

5. Major Environmental Impacts in the
Manufacturing Industry
Environmentally
detrimental method
of procurement
Generation of
Wastes, effluents
and emissions
Environmentally
negative impacts
due to product use
RAW
Materials
Industrial
Processes and
Activities
Products
Unsustainable
procurement of raw
materials
Insufficient use of
materials and
resources
Improper disposal
methods for
products

6. CONTENTS
WATER QUALITY MONITORING
STATUS OF GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION
WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
INITIATIVES- R&D SCHEMES Initiated as chairman CPCB
1.IN-SITU TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC WASTE WATER EMPLOYING MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
2.ELIMINATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND OTHER COLIFORM BACTERIA THROUGH
BACTERIOPHAGES -INTERNATIONAL PATENT
3.REJUVENATION OF RIVER SAHIBI TO ENSURE MINIMUM FLOW IN YAMUNA IN LEAN PERIOD
4. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN TANNERIES-LYOPHILIZATION OF HIDES AND SKINS

7. WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND
MANAGEMENT
Total Number of Stations
:
1429
Rivers
:
293
Lakes
:
94
Tanks
:
09
Ponds
:
41
Canals
:
23
Creeks/Sea
:
15
Wells
:
411

8. • Evolved Water Quality Criteria based on
best-designated uses.
• 75% problems of water pollution is due
to sewage disposal
• Identified 159 Polluted River Stretches

9. Riverine System
Oxygenation cum Circulation

10. Riverine System
Oxygenation cum Circulation

11. Riverine
Assimilation cum Filtration

12. Riverine
Regulation cum Regulatory
Regime

13. Regulation cum Regulatory Regime
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MoEF Government of India
Central Pollution Control Board
State Government of Uttar Pradesh
State Pollution Control Board
Central Ground Water Board
Urban Local Bodies
District Administration
Zila Panchayat, Kshettra Panchayat
Registered NGOs

14. Executive Coordination cum
Administrative Rejuvenation
S a harn p u r
M u z a ffa r n a g a r
B ijn o r
C h u y y a N a lla
1 0 .4 M L D
C a n e p u r C e n tre D ra in
M eeru t
M o rad a b ad
R am pur
G a jra u la
P ilib h it
B a g a t R . (E fflu e n t D ra in )
6 .0 5 M L D
B a r e illy
G a rh
A g ric u ltu ra l
D r a in
A n upshah a r
D o m e s tic D r a in
4 .3 M L D
G h a z ia b a d
B u la n d s h a h r
K he ri
M a h w a R . (D r a in )
B udaun
S o t R . (D ra in )
1 8 .2 M L D
B a h ra ic h
S ita p u r
A lig a r h
M a th u r a
Farru kh ab ad
G onda
N a r k a s a D ra in
a
R.
F a te h g a r h
H a ti N a lla
6 .1 M L D
A g ra
M a in p u r i
P a ta N a lla
G o ra k p u r
K annuaj
B a s ti
Lucknow
E ta w a h
F a iz a b a d
K anpur
S h is h a m a u N a lla 1 2 2 .7 M L D
N a lla D /S S id h n a th G h a t 1 3 5 .6 M L D
P a n d u R iv e r 1 4 9 .5 M L D
A z a m g a rh
B a llia
K a th a r N a lla 1 2 .1 M L D
U nchahar
G h a z ip u r
N o . o f D r a in 4 , 2 4 .8 M L D
N o . o f D ra in 1 2 , 1 4 6 .1 M L D
A lla h a b a d
LEGEND
Va ra n a s i
M o rc h a g h a t N a lla 2 5 .1 M L D
H u n u m a n G h a t N a lla
N o . o f D r a in 8 , 9 2 6 .7 M L D
M irz a p u r
6 .1 M L D

15. Executive Coordination cum
Administrative Rejuvenation
Survey
Monitoring
Inventorisation
Point Pollution Sources
Non Point Pollution Sources
Concentration based Pollution
Load based Pollution
Location Specific Legislation
Cleaner Technologies
Reduction in Carbon Energy and Water Print
Adjudication with Academic Curricula
Mobilization of Civil Work Force through Mass
Awareness Program

16. HIATUS IN ENFORCEMENT
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Organisations
: CPCB, SPCBs
Legislative
Financial Resources
Pollution Data Base
Training
Public Private Partnership
Clean Technology
E- Governance
Education & Awareness

17. Water is Precious and scarce Resource
 Only a small fraction (about 3%) is fresh water
 Rainfall is highly uneven with time and space
 On an average there are only 40 rainy days
 Out of 4000 BCM rainfall received, about 600
BCM is put to use so far
 Water resources are over-exploited resulting in
major WQ problems

18. ANNUALWATER REQUIREMENTFOR DIFFERENTUSES (in km3)
Uses
Year
1997-98
Year2010
Year2025
Year2050
Low
High
%
Low
High
%
Low
High
%
Irrigation
524
543
557
78
561
611
72
628
807
68
Domestic
30
42
43
6
55
62
7
90
111
9
Industries
30
37
37
5
67
67
8
81
81
7
Power
9
18
19
3
31
33
4
63
70
6
Inland
Navigation
0
7
7
1
10
10
1
15
15
1
Environment
–Ecology
0
5
5
1
10
10
1
20
20
2
Evaporation
Losses
36
42
42
6
50
50
6
76
76
7
Total
629
694
710
100
784
843
100
973
1180
100
(NCIWRD, 1999)

19. Major Water Quality Issues
•
•
•
•
Pathogenic (Bacteriological) Pollution
Oxygen Depleting organic pollution
Salinity
Toxicity (micro-pollutants and other industrial pollutants)
Surface Water
• Eutrophication
• Oxygen depletion
• Ecological health
Ground Water
• Fluoride
• Nitrate
• Arsenic
• Iron
• Sea water intrusion

20. •River are perfect eco system and therefore
ultimate goal is to conserve the ecosystem
in the river
•Ecological flow throughout the year to
support all forms of aquatic life
•Maintenance of wholesomeness of water
bodies

21. •Groundwater is used for various purposes including
drinking vastly in India
•The quality of water and its distribution over different
regions is uneven and causes problems of scarcity
and suitability
•This scarce commodity be used as rationally and
efficiently as possible

22. Urbanisation and Wastewater Management
 Urban India has become a massive reality as far as
waste management is concerned.
 This country can no longer afford to allow urban areas




constituting cities and towns of varying magnitude to take
care of themselves.
Urban Centres in India lack infrastructure for sanitation
The wastewater generated in Urban Centres are not
managed appropriately.
Inadequate
treatment
facilities for sewage
have
deteriorated the water quality of aquatic resources.
They need the full and undivided attention of our
planners
and decision makers for protection of
environment, aquatic resources and ultimately for better
management of health aspects.

23. WASTEWATER GENERATION AND TREATMENT
 Study to assess the status of wastewater generation and
treatment in Class I Cities (Population > 100,000) and
Class II Towns (Population Between 50,000 and 100,000)
carried out during 1978-79,1989-90, 1994-95,2003-04
and 2009.
 The latest study indicate that about 38000 million litre per
day (mld) is the wastewater generation from 921 Class I
Cities and Class II Towns in India that houses more than
70% of urban population.
 About 11700 mld is the municipal wastewater treatment
capacity developed so far in India that account for about
31% of wastewater generation in these two classes of
urban centres.
 Information on other class of cities - III to VI however
shall be gathered to assess the overall wastewater
generation from urban sector.

24. •Rapid
increase
in population in large urban
agglomerations
associated
with industrial growth
resulted in massive increase of wastewater and solid
wastes and ultimately deteriorated the water quality of
aquatic resources
•Inadequate arrangements for collection and treatment
of municipal wastewater and municipal solid waste,
major part of the wastewater as well as leachate from
solid waste dump sites being stagnating
and
percolating in the urban areas and polluting the
groundwater

25. SEWAGE GENERATION & TREATMENT
CAPACITY IN GANGA BASIN
Class-ICities
NumberofClass-ICities
Sewagegeneration(MLD)
179
11386.6
TreatmentCapacity(MLD)
4991.09
Class-IITowns
NumberofClass-IITowns
Sewagegeneration(MLD)
147
1023.9
TreatmentCapacity(MLD)
78.88
TotalGeneration(MLD)
TotalCapacity(MLD)
12410.5
5069.97

26. Future Scenario
 Population of India is likely to be stabilized by
2050 at the level of 1700-2000 million.
 Urban population for the year 2051 is likely to be
more than 1000 million.
 Municipal wastewater shall be around 120000
MLD by 2051.
 Per capita water availability shall be reduced due
to increase in population
 Wastewater generation in any urban centre will
be the source for d/s located urban centres.
 In view of such situation there is a need to attain
100% wastewater treatment in each city with
more stringent standard.

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32. WAY FORWARD (Goals/Aims)
• Maintenance of Environmental flow in rivers.
• Prohibiting sewage disposal in water bodies.
• Restriction on Industrial waste disposal in water
bodies.
• Ambient air quality monitoring in all habitats.
• Action Plans for air pollution control in habitats/
industrial clusters.
• Sector-specific Industrial Pollution Control
Programmes.
• GIS / GPS- based system for Environment
Clearance .