This research proposal examines the reasons for and coping strategies relating to food shortages in Tharparker, Pakistan. The researcher will conduct qualitative interviews and focus groups over 3 months in 2014 to understand the health, socioeconomic, and food security impacts of drought on villages in Tharparker. The study aims to analyze the causes of food shortage during drought, its effects on the population, and identify coping strategies. Results could inform policymaking around early warning and managing drought.
Water problems and solutions in PakistanAsraHafeez
This document discusses solutions to water pollution problems in Pakistan. It notes that water is essential for human, animal and plant life. It then outlines some of Pakistan's major water problems, including decreasing availability of water per capita. Some key causes of water crisis are natural factors like drought, as well as mismanagement of water resources through an inefficient irrigation system and loss of over 50% of diverted water. The impacts of water pollution are also reviewed. Some proposed solutions to water pollution problems include improving sewage systems, reducing development in traditional water recharging areas, preventing wastewater from entering water bodies, reusing water where possible, and protecting surface and groundwater sources from pollution.
Water crisis in pakistan & its solutionsSoban Ahmad
The document discusses Pakistan's water crisis and potential solutions. It notes that Pakistan faces severe water shortages due to prolonged drought and mismanagement. While most of the water from the Indus River and its tributaries is used for agriculture, over 50% is lost due to an inefficient irrigation system. To address the crisis, the document recommends constructing new dams, educating the public about conservation, implementing water-efficient irrigation systems, and establishing effective management strategies.
Floods can have both advantages and disadvantages. While floods can replenish topsoil and spread plant seeds, they can also be destructive by damaging infrastructure, drowning people and animals, and stranding people. The 2010 floods in Pakistan were some of the worst in the country's history, affecting over 16 million people across four provinces. Causes included heavy monsoon rains, snowmelt, improper drainage systems, and inadequate dam capacity. The floods caused over $10 billion in damages by destroying crops, roads, power infrastructure, and irrigation systems. An integrated flood management plan is needed that combines approaches like constructing dams and reservoirs, improving forecasting systems, regulating development in flood-prone areas, and educating communities.
Pakistan faces numerous environmental issues including air, water, noise pollution, climate change, and soil erosion. The major causes are carbon emissions, population growth, and deforestation. Key problems are poor air quality, water contamination which causes health issues, and high traffic noise levels. Improper waste disposal, lack of emissions regulations, and reliance on fossil fuels exacerbate air and water pollution in cities like Karachi. Pakistan has signed agreements to address issues like climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution but faces ongoing challenges in implementing solutions.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMNT EFFORTS FOR PAKISTAN TO BECOME A DEVELOPED COUNTRY by Tariq Sarwar Awan A Research Analyst, Scholar and Public Representative Tariq Sarwar Awan in his Public Awareness program. I am working on all the core issues to give their SOLUTIONS for rapid growth of my Nation, Great Pakistan
WATER SHORTAGE ITS CAUSES, IMPACTS AND REMEDIAL MEASURESIN PAKISTANFarhan Hussain
with two thirds of the earths surface covered by water, it is evidently clear that water is one of the most important elements responsible for life on earth. It is not only vital for sustenance of life but equally essential for the socioeconomic development. The global fresh water shortage and food security issues related to teeming billions of population necessitated the shifting of fresh water from agriculture to other more pressing uses. The country is facing the worst ever crises of water shortage for last many years, as water available for any given use has become increasingly scarce.
The presentation provides an overview of population policies in Bangladesh. It discusses the country's high population growth rate and need for policies to manage resources. The objectives of policies are to lower fertility rates, reduce mortality, and achieve targets like maintaining the natural replacement rate of 1. Major strategies include advocacy campaigns, promoting small families, and ensuring access to family planning services. The roles of different ministries and organizations in implementing population programs are also outlined.
This research proposal examines the reasons for and coping strategies relating to food shortages in Tharparker, Pakistan. The researcher will conduct qualitative interviews and focus groups over 3 months in 2014 to understand the health, socioeconomic, and food security impacts of drought on villages in Tharparker. The study aims to analyze the causes of food shortage during drought, its effects on the population, and identify coping strategies. Results could inform policymaking around early warning and managing drought.
Water problems and solutions in PakistanAsraHafeez
This document discusses solutions to water pollution problems in Pakistan. It notes that water is essential for human, animal and plant life. It then outlines some of Pakistan's major water problems, including decreasing availability of water per capita. Some key causes of water crisis are natural factors like drought, as well as mismanagement of water resources through an inefficient irrigation system and loss of over 50% of diverted water. The impacts of water pollution are also reviewed. Some proposed solutions to water pollution problems include improving sewage systems, reducing development in traditional water recharging areas, preventing wastewater from entering water bodies, reusing water where possible, and protecting surface and groundwater sources from pollution.
Water crisis in pakistan & its solutionsSoban Ahmad
The document discusses Pakistan's water crisis and potential solutions. It notes that Pakistan faces severe water shortages due to prolonged drought and mismanagement. While most of the water from the Indus River and its tributaries is used for agriculture, over 50% is lost due to an inefficient irrigation system. To address the crisis, the document recommends constructing new dams, educating the public about conservation, implementing water-efficient irrigation systems, and establishing effective management strategies.
Floods can have both advantages and disadvantages. While floods can replenish topsoil and spread plant seeds, they can also be destructive by damaging infrastructure, drowning people and animals, and stranding people. The 2010 floods in Pakistan were some of the worst in the country's history, affecting over 16 million people across four provinces. Causes included heavy monsoon rains, snowmelt, improper drainage systems, and inadequate dam capacity. The floods caused over $10 billion in damages by destroying crops, roads, power infrastructure, and irrigation systems. An integrated flood management plan is needed that combines approaches like constructing dams and reservoirs, improving forecasting systems, regulating development in flood-prone areas, and educating communities.
Pakistan faces numerous environmental issues including air, water, noise pollution, climate change, and soil erosion. The major causes are carbon emissions, population growth, and deforestation. Key problems are poor air quality, water contamination which causes health issues, and high traffic noise levels. Improper waste disposal, lack of emissions regulations, and reliance on fossil fuels exacerbate air and water pollution in cities like Karachi. Pakistan has signed agreements to address issues like climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution but faces ongoing challenges in implementing solutions.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMNT EFFORTS FOR PAKISTAN TO BECOME A DEVELOPED COUNTRY by Tariq Sarwar Awan A Research Analyst, Scholar and Public Representative Tariq Sarwar Awan in his Public Awareness program. I am working on all the core issues to give their SOLUTIONS for rapid growth of my Nation, Great Pakistan
WATER SHORTAGE ITS CAUSES, IMPACTS AND REMEDIAL MEASURESIN PAKISTANFarhan Hussain
with two thirds of the earths surface covered by water, it is evidently clear that water is one of the most important elements responsible for life on earth. It is not only vital for sustenance of life but equally essential for the socioeconomic development. The global fresh water shortage and food security issues related to teeming billions of population necessitated the shifting of fresh water from agriculture to other more pressing uses. The country is facing the worst ever crises of water shortage for last many years, as water available for any given use has become increasingly scarce.
The presentation provides an overview of population policies in Bangladesh. It discusses the country's high population growth rate and need for policies to manage resources. The objectives of policies are to lower fertility rates, reduce mortality, and achieve targets like maintaining the natural replacement rate of 1. Major strategies include advocacy campaigns, promoting small families, and ensuring access to family planning services. The roles of different ministries and organizations in implementing population programs are also outlined.
This document discusses Pakistan's water resources and issues related to water management and crisis. It mentions various dams, barrages and river basins that provide water resources in Pakistan. It then outlines factors contributing to water issues like reduced rainfall, poor management, climate change, lack of political will, and household ignorance. Rising population and decreasing availability of water per capita are said to be leading to a water crisis. The document calls for building more reservoirs and effective management to address the serious problems faced by the people.
This document discusses water resources and wastage in Pakistan. It notes that water is essential for humans and outlines Pakistan's main water resources as rivers, dams, and groundwater. It then lists the top six ways that common people waste water, such as leaving taps running and car washing. The document explains how water wastage negatively impacts the economy by causing water pollution, decreasing electricity generation, and reducing agricultural and industrial output. It provides recommendations to address water wastage through conservation efforts, awareness programs, and developing more dams and reservoirs.
Importance of Water Resources in PakistanHajrah Malik
Water resources in Pakistan include both natural resources like rainfall, rivers, glaciers, and wells, as well as artificial resources like dams and reservoirs. Rainfall and glacial meltwater are particularly important, providing water for agriculture, hydropower, and replenishing surface water. The Indus River and its five major tributaries supply over 150 million acre feet of surface water annually. Dams like Mangla and Tarbela are also critical, while groundwater meets 37% of public water supply needs and is increasingly used for irrigation. Overall, Pakistan has an abundance of water resources but must manage them sustainably to ensure long-term availability.
Adaptive Delta Management Approach and Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100Dr. Md. Taibur Rahman
Concept and process of Adaptive Delta Management Approach and Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 being prepared by Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh with TA support from Government of Netherlands
The document outlines Pakistan's National Climate Change Policy of 2012. The policy provides a framework to address issues Pakistan faces from climate change. It aims to ensure climate change is mainstreamed into vulnerable sectors of the economy and guide Pakistan toward climate-resilient development. Key objectives include pursuing economic growth while integrating climate policy, focusing on adaptation, and ensuring water, food, and energy security. The policy also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in various sectors like water resources, agriculture, health, forestry and others.
Pakistan is facing a severe water crisis that threatens its stability. By 2025, Pakistan could "run dry" due to rapidly declining water supplies as a result of mismanagement and overuse. The document outlines steps both individuals and the government can take to conserve water, such as fixing leaks, shorter showers, and improving irrigation. It also discusses the proposed multi-billion dollar Basha Dam project which the Supreme Court and government are jointly fundraising for to help address the country's water needs. Conservation of resources and improved management are crucial to ensure enough water for Pakistan's future.
The document discusses water resources in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's water availability has declined significantly from 5,000 cubic meters per person annually in 1951 to around 1,000 cubic meters in 2010 due to rapid population growth. The majority of Pakistan's water comes from groundwater, but overuse is causing water tables to drop sharply. Water quality is also declining due to untreated municipal and industrial waste being discharged into surface water. This pollution poses major health risks to Pakistanis.
The document analyzes the impact of climate change on water resources in Pakistan. It examines increasing temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns that are contributing to more frequent and severe flooding in the country. The analysis focuses on three regions: along the Indus River, in northern and central Pakistan, and in southern Pakistan. It finds that while temperature and precipitation are normally distributed in the first two regions from 1960-2014, precipitation in southern Pakistan is not normally distributed, indicating climate change is altering rainfall. The study predicts heavier monsoon rains in southern Pakistan in the future based on observed trends.
Sanitation issues in developing countries negatively impact public health and economic development. 2.5 billion people lack basic sanitation services and diseases from unsafe water kill millions annually. The key causes are lack of access to proper waste disposal facilities and water pollution from human and industrial waste. Solutions require improved infrastructure, but also addressing population growth, which increases demand on limited resources. While more progress is still needed, organizations like WaterAid have helped by providing access to clean water for many communities in developing areas.
The document discusses floods, their causes, and impacts. It begins by defining a flood as a temporary covering of land not normally covered by water. Floods can be caused by heavy rainfall, blocked drains, landslides, dam breaks, exceeding river capacity, or levee breaches. Major types are flash floods and riverine floods. Floods damage infrastructure and property, spread water-borne diseases, and have long-term economic impacts. The 2010 Pakistan floods are examined as the worst disaster in the country's recent history, affecting over 14 million people. Preparing for and responding to floods requires measures like monitoring flood risks, evacuating vulnerable areas, and ensuring access to clean water and medical care after a flood event.
Development Planning and Management Ecosystem in Bangladesh
Business as Usual VS BDP 2100
Delta Opportunities
Delta Challenges
BDP 2100: Vision, Goals and Adaptive Approach
BDP 2100 Strategies
Financing Strategy & Investment Plan
BDP 2100 Governance: Implementation Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation and Delta Knowledge Hub
Delta Decision Support Tool and Knowledge Management
The document outlines the history and goals of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It discusses the 8 goals, 18 targets, and 60 indicators established by the UN. It provides an overview of progress on the MDGs in South Asia, noting achievements in reducing poverty, improving education and health. However, it also notes areas still lagging like empowering women in Afghanistan and Pakistan. For Pakistan specifically, it analyzes progress against each goal and indicators, finding that only 2 targets have been achieved so far. Barriers to progress are identified as both internal challenges like low growth, and external factors like natural disasters. Localization and community involvement are emphasized as important for accelerating progress.
Pakistan is facing a severe water crisis, with water availability declining dramatically from 5,000 cubic meters per person at independence to 1,000 cubic meters currently. Major cities like Islamabad, Karachi, Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta, and Gwadar are all receiving less water than required to meet daily needs. The crisis is exacerbated by poor water governance, with 60% of agricultural water and 40 gallons per car wash being wasted. Improving conservation efforts through more efficient irrigation, appliances, and individual behaviors could help mitigate the growing water scarcity facing the country.
Project about climate change in Pakistan Zainab Arshad
This document summarizes a project about climate change in Pakistan. It outlines the research methodology, major climate change concerns in Pakistan like risks to water and agriculture from floods and droughts. It then describes several projects aimed at building adaptation capacity, assessing adaptation costs and benefits, and enhancing livelihoods and food security. It concludes that Pakistan is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to temperature increases and risks to water resources from glacier melt, and that further research and policy responses are needed.
This document outlines Pakistan's national climate change policy. It aims to mainstream climate change into vulnerable sectors to promote climate-resilient development. Key objectives include supporting adaptation, promoting mitigation, and ensuring water, food, and energy security. It identifies threats like increased extreme weather, glacial melting, and flooding. It proposes actions like capacity building, awareness raising, international cooperation, technology transfer, and establishing implementation committees.
Water situation in pakistan Water crisis in pakistan A presentation By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Pakistan has two major sources of water: natural sources like rainfall, rivers, and glaciers, and artificial sources like dams and reservoirs that store excess water from rainfall and rivers. The two major sources of rainfall are monsoons and western disturbances. Pakistan also has many glaciers and rivers like the Indus River and its tributaries that are important sources of water. However, Pakistan is facing a severe water shortage due to prolonged drought and mismanagement of water resources, which could negatively impact agriculture, industries, exports, and food security. Improving water infrastructure like building more dams and reservoirs, along with better management, is needed to address these challenges.
This document discusses the global water crisis, presenting statistics on water-related deaths and lack of access to clean water and sanitation. It outlines some of the key causes of the crisis like increasing population, climate change, pollution, and improper agriculture. The effects mentioned include lack of drinking water, water-borne diseases, sanitation issues, and water conflicts. Current water issues facing countries like India are highlighted. Potential remedies proposed include rainwater harvesting, water conservation, afforestation, and strengthening pollution control. The document concludes that the water crisis is projected to worsen if not adequately addressed.
Climate Change Adaptation with respect to Disaster Risk Reduction (Major cl...Jahangir Alam
Climate change is a natural process related to the endogenic, exogenic and astronomical process of the universe.
Climate Change is a human-induced process related to GHG emission.
This document discusses clean water and sanitation. It notes that access to clean water is essential for survival and a foundation for thriving communities. While infrastructure improvements require government assistance, individuals can help by donating aid and raising awareness through social media. Social media has helped give attention to cities with unclean water and fundraising efforts, though it took Flint, Michigan five years of protesting and $400 million to receive clean water after their crisis received widespread coverage.
Water pollution is a major problem in Pakistan, with 93% of water resources being used for agriculture and industry. The main sources of water pollution are municipal sewage, contaminated drinking water supply lines, and untreated industrial waste. Over 2,000 million gallons of sewage and 80% of industrial waste are discharged directly into surface water daily. This widespread water pollution leads to 40% of deaths in Pakistan being from water-borne diseases and poses serious risks to both human and environmental health. Solutions proposed include strengthening laws and agencies to regulate polluters, improving waste water treatment, and encouraging public awareness campaigns.
Water supply and sanitation analysis of sectors E and F, Islamabad - december...Noor Ain
This document was prepared in order to analyze and compare the water supply and sanitation conditions prevailing in well-established Sectors and low-lying slums of Islamabad.
This document discusses Pakistan's water resources and issues related to water management and crisis. It mentions various dams, barrages and river basins that provide water resources in Pakistan. It then outlines factors contributing to water issues like reduced rainfall, poor management, climate change, lack of political will, and household ignorance. Rising population and decreasing availability of water per capita are said to be leading to a water crisis. The document calls for building more reservoirs and effective management to address the serious problems faced by the people.
This document discusses water resources and wastage in Pakistan. It notes that water is essential for humans and outlines Pakistan's main water resources as rivers, dams, and groundwater. It then lists the top six ways that common people waste water, such as leaving taps running and car washing. The document explains how water wastage negatively impacts the economy by causing water pollution, decreasing electricity generation, and reducing agricultural and industrial output. It provides recommendations to address water wastage through conservation efforts, awareness programs, and developing more dams and reservoirs.
Importance of Water Resources in PakistanHajrah Malik
Water resources in Pakistan include both natural resources like rainfall, rivers, glaciers, and wells, as well as artificial resources like dams and reservoirs. Rainfall and glacial meltwater are particularly important, providing water for agriculture, hydropower, and replenishing surface water. The Indus River and its five major tributaries supply over 150 million acre feet of surface water annually. Dams like Mangla and Tarbela are also critical, while groundwater meets 37% of public water supply needs and is increasingly used for irrigation. Overall, Pakistan has an abundance of water resources but must manage them sustainably to ensure long-term availability.
Adaptive Delta Management Approach and Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100Dr. Md. Taibur Rahman
Concept and process of Adaptive Delta Management Approach and Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 being prepared by Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh with TA support from Government of Netherlands
The document outlines Pakistan's National Climate Change Policy of 2012. The policy provides a framework to address issues Pakistan faces from climate change. It aims to ensure climate change is mainstreamed into vulnerable sectors of the economy and guide Pakistan toward climate-resilient development. Key objectives include pursuing economic growth while integrating climate policy, focusing on adaptation, and ensuring water, food, and energy security. The policy also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in various sectors like water resources, agriculture, health, forestry and others.
Pakistan is facing a severe water crisis that threatens its stability. By 2025, Pakistan could "run dry" due to rapidly declining water supplies as a result of mismanagement and overuse. The document outlines steps both individuals and the government can take to conserve water, such as fixing leaks, shorter showers, and improving irrigation. It also discusses the proposed multi-billion dollar Basha Dam project which the Supreme Court and government are jointly fundraising for to help address the country's water needs. Conservation of resources and improved management are crucial to ensure enough water for Pakistan's future.
The document discusses water resources in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's water availability has declined significantly from 5,000 cubic meters per person annually in 1951 to around 1,000 cubic meters in 2010 due to rapid population growth. The majority of Pakistan's water comes from groundwater, but overuse is causing water tables to drop sharply. Water quality is also declining due to untreated municipal and industrial waste being discharged into surface water. This pollution poses major health risks to Pakistanis.
The document analyzes the impact of climate change on water resources in Pakistan. It examines increasing temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns that are contributing to more frequent and severe flooding in the country. The analysis focuses on three regions: along the Indus River, in northern and central Pakistan, and in southern Pakistan. It finds that while temperature and precipitation are normally distributed in the first two regions from 1960-2014, precipitation in southern Pakistan is not normally distributed, indicating climate change is altering rainfall. The study predicts heavier monsoon rains in southern Pakistan in the future based on observed trends.
Sanitation issues in developing countries negatively impact public health and economic development. 2.5 billion people lack basic sanitation services and diseases from unsafe water kill millions annually. The key causes are lack of access to proper waste disposal facilities and water pollution from human and industrial waste. Solutions require improved infrastructure, but also addressing population growth, which increases demand on limited resources. While more progress is still needed, organizations like WaterAid have helped by providing access to clean water for many communities in developing areas.
The document discusses floods, their causes, and impacts. It begins by defining a flood as a temporary covering of land not normally covered by water. Floods can be caused by heavy rainfall, blocked drains, landslides, dam breaks, exceeding river capacity, or levee breaches. Major types are flash floods and riverine floods. Floods damage infrastructure and property, spread water-borne diseases, and have long-term economic impacts. The 2010 Pakistan floods are examined as the worst disaster in the country's recent history, affecting over 14 million people. Preparing for and responding to floods requires measures like monitoring flood risks, evacuating vulnerable areas, and ensuring access to clean water and medical care after a flood event.
Development Planning and Management Ecosystem in Bangladesh
Business as Usual VS BDP 2100
Delta Opportunities
Delta Challenges
BDP 2100: Vision, Goals and Adaptive Approach
BDP 2100 Strategies
Financing Strategy & Investment Plan
BDP 2100 Governance: Implementation Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation and Delta Knowledge Hub
Delta Decision Support Tool and Knowledge Management
The document outlines the history and goals of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It discusses the 8 goals, 18 targets, and 60 indicators established by the UN. It provides an overview of progress on the MDGs in South Asia, noting achievements in reducing poverty, improving education and health. However, it also notes areas still lagging like empowering women in Afghanistan and Pakistan. For Pakistan specifically, it analyzes progress against each goal and indicators, finding that only 2 targets have been achieved so far. Barriers to progress are identified as both internal challenges like low growth, and external factors like natural disasters. Localization and community involvement are emphasized as important for accelerating progress.
Pakistan is facing a severe water crisis, with water availability declining dramatically from 5,000 cubic meters per person at independence to 1,000 cubic meters currently. Major cities like Islamabad, Karachi, Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta, and Gwadar are all receiving less water than required to meet daily needs. The crisis is exacerbated by poor water governance, with 60% of agricultural water and 40 gallons per car wash being wasted. Improving conservation efforts through more efficient irrigation, appliances, and individual behaviors could help mitigate the growing water scarcity facing the country.
Project about climate change in Pakistan Zainab Arshad
This document summarizes a project about climate change in Pakistan. It outlines the research methodology, major climate change concerns in Pakistan like risks to water and agriculture from floods and droughts. It then describes several projects aimed at building adaptation capacity, assessing adaptation costs and benefits, and enhancing livelihoods and food security. It concludes that Pakistan is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to temperature increases and risks to water resources from glacier melt, and that further research and policy responses are needed.
This document outlines Pakistan's national climate change policy. It aims to mainstream climate change into vulnerable sectors to promote climate-resilient development. Key objectives include supporting adaptation, promoting mitigation, and ensuring water, food, and energy security. It identifies threats like increased extreme weather, glacial melting, and flooding. It proposes actions like capacity building, awareness raising, international cooperation, technology transfer, and establishing implementation committees.
Water situation in pakistan Water crisis in pakistan A presentation By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Pakistan has two major sources of water: natural sources like rainfall, rivers, and glaciers, and artificial sources like dams and reservoirs that store excess water from rainfall and rivers. The two major sources of rainfall are monsoons and western disturbances. Pakistan also has many glaciers and rivers like the Indus River and its tributaries that are important sources of water. However, Pakistan is facing a severe water shortage due to prolonged drought and mismanagement of water resources, which could negatively impact agriculture, industries, exports, and food security. Improving water infrastructure like building more dams and reservoirs, along with better management, is needed to address these challenges.
This document discusses the global water crisis, presenting statistics on water-related deaths and lack of access to clean water and sanitation. It outlines some of the key causes of the crisis like increasing population, climate change, pollution, and improper agriculture. The effects mentioned include lack of drinking water, water-borne diseases, sanitation issues, and water conflicts. Current water issues facing countries like India are highlighted. Potential remedies proposed include rainwater harvesting, water conservation, afforestation, and strengthening pollution control. The document concludes that the water crisis is projected to worsen if not adequately addressed.
Climate Change Adaptation with respect to Disaster Risk Reduction (Major cl...Jahangir Alam
Climate change is a natural process related to the endogenic, exogenic and astronomical process of the universe.
Climate Change is a human-induced process related to GHG emission.
This document discusses clean water and sanitation. It notes that access to clean water is essential for survival and a foundation for thriving communities. While infrastructure improvements require government assistance, individuals can help by donating aid and raising awareness through social media. Social media has helped give attention to cities with unclean water and fundraising efforts, though it took Flint, Michigan five years of protesting and $400 million to receive clean water after their crisis received widespread coverage.
Water pollution is a major problem in Pakistan, with 93% of water resources being used for agriculture and industry. The main sources of water pollution are municipal sewage, contaminated drinking water supply lines, and untreated industrial waste. Over 2,000 million gallons of sewage and 80% of industrial waste are discharged directly into surface water daily. This widespread water pollution leads to 40% of deaths in Pakistan being from water-borne diseases and poses serious risks to both human and environmental health. Solutions proposed include strengthening laws and agencies to regulate polluters, improving waste water treatment, and encouraging public awareness campaigns.
Water supply and sanitation analysis of sectors E and F, Islamabad - december...Noor Ain
This document was prepared in order to analyze and compare the water supply and sanitation conditions prevailing in well-established Sectors and low-lying slums of Islamabad.
Status of water & sanitation in gujarat ih&sg finalpravah
This document summarizes a study on the status of drinking water and sanitation in rural Gujarat, India. The study had several objectives: to understand the status comprehensively across different regions; to examine seasonal variations; to assess government programs; to study different water sources and technologies; and to make recommendations. The methodology included analyzing secondary data, surveying 540 villages across 30 districts, and focus group discussions. Key findings included various sources of water across regions, issues of water quality and sustainability, and the role of government schemes in addressing challenges like water scarcity.
This document discusses safe drinking water and sanitation issues globally and in Pakistan. It notes that over 2 billion people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water and over 4.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. In Pakistan, approximately 38.5 million people do not have access to safe drinking water and 50.7 million lack adequate sanitation as of 2005. Water sources in Pakistan are often contaminated by untreated domestic and industrial waste, threatening public health. Common chemical contaminants like nitrates, arsenic, and fluoride found in drinking water can cause health issues if levels are elevated, including various cancers and birth defects. Ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation requires planning, infrastructure development and maintenance, capacity building, and promoting
Water crisis in pakistan A presentation By Mr Allah Dad KhanMr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses Pakistan's water resources and challenges facing the water sector. It outlines Pakistan's four main river basins - the Indus Basin, Kharan coastal basin, Makran coastal basin, and some rain-fed lands. It also mentions Pakistan's three main dams. The majority of water is used for irrigation, with small amounts used for drinking and industry. Pakistan currently faces a severe water shortage due to prolonged drought and mismanagement. This shortage threatens agricultural production, economic stability, and disputes between provinces over water distribution.
This document provides an overview of water quality and safety. It discusses the importance of drinking water, recommended daily water intake amounts, potential water contaminants including bacteria, chemicals, and minerals, and sources of drinking water like tap, well, bottled, and public water systems. It also covers water treatment methods, potential health effects of contaminants, and maintaining water system infrastructure.
Government of pakistan policies and strategies for addressing environment Sa...saadayaz
The document outlines several national policies and strategies adopted by the Government of Pakistan to address environmental concerns, including the National Conservation Strategy, National Environmental Policy, National Sanitation Policy, National Water Policy, National Drinking Water Policy, National Forest Policy, and National Rangeland Policy. Each policy aims to conserve natural resources, promote sustainable development, and improve environmental management and public participation in Pakistan.
The presentation discusses India's water crisis, where availability of water is less than the demand and people lack access to fresh drinking water and sanitation. Water resources are becoming scarce due to chemical pollution and environmental degradation. It emphasizes saving water by being careful in domestic use and establishing rules for industries, as only 1% of water on Earth is available and a crisis will worsen without conservation efforts. The presentation was given by A.J. Sonone, a student at Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics.
Water and sanitation, situation & hygine(wash) in nepalBhim Upadhyaya
The document provides statistics on water supply and sanitation coverage in Nepal as of 2010. It includes data by development region and district on population, percentage of population with access to water supply and sanitation. The nation had 80.38% coverage for water supply and 43.04% for sanitation. For water systems, most were gravity pipe systems and over 11% of schemes were over 20 years old. Latrine coverage was 43.04% with over half being water seal toilets.
The document discusses the water cycle and conservation of water. It explains that water can exist in three forms - solid, liquid, and gas. It also notes that water is vital for survival and that the water cycle and life cycle are interconnected. The document encourages conserving water by turning off taps while brushing teeth, only flushing toilets when needed, and suggests that if many people conserve water it can make a big difference. It emphasizes the importance of individual action and spreading awareness of conservation.
The document discusses water conservation and provides simple ways to conserve water. It explains that water conservation is important because people use fresh water faster than it can be naturally replenished. Some tips include only running full dishwashers and washing machines, adjusting sprinklers to avoid watering paved areas, watering lawns in the morning or evening to reduce evaporation, and washing produce in a pan of water instead of running the tap.
This document discusses water pollution, including its causes, sources, types, effects, and methods of prevention. It defines water pollution as the contamination of water bodies by human and natural activities. The two main sources are point source pollution from single identifiable sources like factories, and non-point source pollution from multiple diffuse sources like agricultural runoff. Various types of water pollution are described, and effects include harm to aquatic life, disruption of food chains, diseases in humans, and destruction of ecosystems. Prevention methods center around proper waste disposal, reduced chemical usage, and wastewater treatment.
This document is a link to a Yahoo group called Nubia_group. Yahoo groups allow people to communicate and share information online through discussion forums around a particular topic. The Nubia_group appears to be a forum for discussing topics related to the ancient Kingdom of Nubia in present-day Sudan and Egypt.
Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation Issues: A Survey of a Semi-Urban Settin...IJRES Journal
An assessment on the drinking water quality from major source (borehole) and household in a semi-urban setting in Nigeria was carried out. Structured questionnaire was administered to randomly selected households in seven zones of the municipality to determine the common method of collection and transportation, storage, and sanitation practices. Water samples collected were subjected to laboratory analyses for physico-chemical and microbial properties. The result of the physico-chemical analysis when compared against the World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) drinking water quality benchmark revealed that the water samples were within standards for consumable water except for the presence of feacal contamination. The result revealed that before water can be totally considered safe for drinking, further treatment is required at the household level due to fecal contamination, and water safety concerns are also highlighted. The result translates to the fact that compliance assessment with standards and impact assessment studies in determining the fate of pollutants is necessary at all levels.
This document provides an appraisal report for a semi-urban drinking water supply and sanitation project in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The project aims to rehabilitate and expand drinking water supply and sanitation infrastructure in three towns - Kasangulu, Lisala, and Tshikapa. It also includes components for communication and behavior change activities, a study of the national rural water and sanitation program, institutional support, and project management. The total project cost is UA 78 million, to be financed through a UA 70 million grant from the African Development Fund and UA 8 million contribution from the Government of Congo. The report provides details on project components, implementation arrangements, procurement plans, environmental and social impacts, costs
New Alliances for Water and Sanitation- India Collaboration Lab Innovation Pi...Rosedel Davies-Adewebi
Presentations of nine innovative, entrepreneurial projects addressing water and sanitation challenges in India. Presented at the India Collaboration Lab, partnership and innovation workshop held in New Delhi in October 2013 by the Global Compact Network-India, United Nations Global Compact HQ and the The CEO Water Mandate.
This document summarizes water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs conducted in 10 slums of Gwalior City, India. It describes the formation of water and sanitation committees and self-help groups, activities to improve access to water and sanitation infrastructure like household toilets and washing platforms, and behavioral change activities like training, meetings and street plays. Key achievements included 482 household toilets constructed, 69 self-help groups formed, and improved access to water in schools and communities through repairs and new infrastructure. Community participation in planning, contributions and advocacy were important aspects of the programs.
This document summarizes a project to promote civil society participation in water and sanitation governance in Pakistan. The project is funded by WaterAid and the European Commission and implemented by IRSP. The project aims to build the capacity of 15 CSOs and local governments in Mardan district to empower citizens and improve access to water, sanitation and hygiene services for 200,000 people. Key activities include training workshops on advocacy, planning and budgeting for CSOs and governments, as well as improving infrastructure through new boreholes, latrines and hygiene promotion. The intended outcomes are improved CSO and government capacity for citizen engagement, increased access to WASH services, and more equitable and inclusive governance in the WASH sector
Rotary Club Sumba Island, Indonesia Water & Sanitation Projectd5100wcs
An overview of Seaside, Astoria, Portland, Lake Oswego, and Bali Ubud-Sunset Rotary Clubs' Sumba Island, Indonesia Water & Sanitation project.
Originally presented at the 2011 Rotary District 5100 conference at Seaside, OR.
This document summarizes a presentation on the complexities and constraints of foreign aid to Pakistan. It discusses:
1) The massive aid industry involving hundreds of donors, organizations, and billions of dollars, making the aid landscape complex.
2) The multi-level aid policy process in Pakistan involving numerous government agencies and steps to manage aid projects and programs.
3) The constraints Pakistan faces in utilizing aid effectively, including shortages of technical capacity in the public sector and difficulties coordinating the many aid activities.
Description (through illustration) of how bargaining works for two parties - buyer and seller - in a game interaction. Relevant for: public policy process; public management; business economics; and organizational behaviour.
An intensive course about the understanding of International Development Assistance (Foreign Aid), its influence on policy processes and outcomes, and practices. Recommended for policy-makers, development practitioners, and MPhil & PhD students.
This intensive course will provide an opportunity for participants to establish and/or advance their understanding of qualitative research through critical exploration of research approaches and methods. This course will take an academic-based fieldwork approach which will enhance participants’ skills to plan and execute qualitative research in a specific context. Participants will use theoretical underpinnings to begin, to critically review literature relevant to the field of study, analyse it and then present it in written and verbal form.
The broader objective of this course is to enable the students of public policy to understand the importance of governance networks in formulating, determining and implementing public policy at national, regional and local levels. Since governance networks may fail due to many causes, network management to steer complex policy networks mitigate the risk of failure and enable governance networks to achieve desired outcomes in terms of more effective and interactive governance in shaping the future of our societies.
Khan, F. J. (2007). Achieving MDGs in Pakistan: Optimism and Reality. International Conference on ‘Governing for MDGs: Focus on Incentives, Ownership and Institutions’ (sponsored by the World Bank and National Reconstruction Bureau) on April 28th, 2007. The Marriott: Islamabad.
More from Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (12)
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.