The document discusses water scarcity and its causes. It notes that while water covers most of the Earth's surface, only 3% is freshwater and available water resources are being depleted. Water scarcity is caused by both natural factors like drought as well as human factors such as overexploitation, excessive water usage, and pollution. It affects over a billion people and has negative consequences for health, food supply, and achievement of development goals. Solutions proposed include improved water management, conservation efforts, and use of non-conventional water sources.

1. PRESENTED BY
CHAITRA.B.S
2nd Year M.Sc
Shri devi P.G Centre

2.  INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS WATER SCARCITY
 CAUSES FOR WATER SCARCITY
 10 FACTS ABOUT WATER SCARCITY
 NEED TO CONSERVE WATER RESOURCE
 SOLUTIONS
 REFERENCES.

3.  WATER is an essential resource for life and
good health.
 All living things require water for survival.
 Water possesses unique physical and
chemical properties .
 At global scale about 71% of earth’s surface
is covered with water.
 Total volume of water in hydrosphere is
estimated to be 1.4 billion of which 97% is
ocean water and rest 3% is avaliable as fresh
water.

4.  Conti……
 Water available for human exploitation is
9000Cum3 per year.
 Water scarcity will cause annual global losses
of 385 millon tons of food production.

5. The shortage of water as
compared to its demand is
known as water scarcity.
http://www.thespiritans.org
http://www.apec-vc.org.cn

6.  Dry climate.
 Drought.
 Desiccation.
 Water stress.

7. Causes of water scarcity
Quantitative aspects
 1.Variation in seasonal.
 2.Over exploitation of water resources.
 3. Excessive use of water.
 4. Unequal access to water among
different social groups.

8. Qualitative aspects
 1. Bad quality of water.
 2. Population growth.
 3. Commercialisation of agriculture.
 4. Industrialisation.
 5. Urbanisation.

10.  Water scarcity occurs
even in areas where
there is plenty of
rainfall or freshwater.
How water is
conserved, used and
distributed in
communities, and the
quality of the water
available can determine
if there is enough to
meet the demands of
households, farms,
industry and the
environment.

11. http://www.nri.org
 Water scarcity affects
one in three people
on every continent of
the globe. The
situation is getting
worse as needs for
water rise along with
population
growth, urbanization
and increases in
household and
industrial uses.

12. http://www.iucn.org
 Almost one fifth of
the world's population
(about 1.2 billion
people) live in areas
where the water is
physically scarce. One
quarter of the global
population also live in
developing countries
that face water
shortages due to a
lack of infrastructure
to fetch water from
rivers and aquifers.

13.  Water scarcity
forces people to
rely on unsafe
sources of drinking
water. It also
means they cannot
bathe or clean
their clothes or
homes properly.

14. http://www.droitsenfant.com
www.savesight.org
 Poor water quality
can increase the risk
of such diarrhoeal
diseases as cholera,
typhoid fever and
dysentery, and other
water-borne
infections. Water
scarcity can lead to
diseases such as
trachoma (an eye
infection that can
lead to blindness),
plague .

15.  Water scarcity
encourages people to
store water in their
homes. This can
increase the risk of
household water
contamination and
provide breeding
grounds for
mosquitoes - which
are carriers of dengue
fever, malaria and
other diseases.

16.  Water scarcity
underscores the need
for better water
management. Good
water management
also reduces breeding
sites for such insects
as mosquitoes that
can transmit
diseasees and
prevents the spread
of water-borne
infections such as a
severe illness.

17.  A lack of water has
driven up the use of
wastewater for
agricultural
production in poor
urban and rural
communities. More
than 10% of people
worldwide consume
foods irrigated by
wastewater that can
contain chemicals or
disease-causing
organisms.

18.  Millennium
Development Goal
number 7, target 10
aims to halve, by
2015, the proportion
of people without
sustainable access to
safe drinking water
and basic sanitation.
Water scarcity could
threaten progress to
reach this target.

19.  Water is an essential
resource to sustain
life. As governments
and community
organizations make it
a priority to deliver
adequate supplies of
quality water to
people, individuals
can help by learning
how to conserve and
protect the resource
in their daily lives.

20. water is not a major problem for
some countries of the world .People pay
for clean non polluted water.

21.  Water is necessary for life on earth. It is
believed that life first originated in water before
it invaded land.
 Cultivation of crops depends on water. As India is
a agricultural country, so availability of water is
must.
 Water is also essential for drinking and other
domestic works.
 It is also used in industries.

22.  Rain water harvesting.
 Roof harvesting.
 Soil moisture management.
 Run off farming.
 Construct a Small dams.

23.  Awarness has to be created amongst
people regarding the importance of the
available resources.
 Use the sea water to irrigate agricultural
lands, after taking out the salt.
 Save the rain water.
 Build rain water harvesting in every
house.

24.  ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY BY C.S.K
MISHRA.
 BASICS CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY BY INDU SHEKHAR .
 WWW.GOOGLE.COM.
Man made drought and the looming water crisis