The document discusses landfills and waste management. It begins by defining a landfill and describing their historical use. It then lists some of the largest landfills in the world by size. The rest of the document discusses various aspects of landfill management, including methane gas capture, dust control, hazardous waste collection, odor control, and waste reduction strategies. It provides context on waste generation and the need for proper disposal. The document also focuses on the Ghazipur landfill in Delhi, India, describing its size, waste intake, and the steps being taken to identify a new site.

1. BY:MINHAJ NOUSHAD

2. LANDFILLS

3. What is a landfill
A landfill site (also known as
a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage
dump or dumping ground and historically as
a midden) is a site for the disposal
of waste materials by burial. Landfill is the
oldest form of waste treatment, although the
burial of the waste is modern; historically, refuse
was simply left in piles or thrown into pits.
Historically, landfills have been the most
common method of organized waste
disposal and remain so in many places around
the world.

4. Largest Landfills, Waste Sites,
And Trash Dumps In The World
•Malagrotta, Rome, Italy (680 acres)Puente Hills,
•Los Angeles, California, USA (630 acres)
•Sudokwon, Incheon, South Korea (570 acres) ...
•Ghazipur landfills, New Delhi, India (500 acres) ...
•Deonar, Mumbai, India (326 acres) ...
•West New Territories, Hong Kong (272 acres) ...
•Xinfeng, Guangzhou, China (227 acres)

5.  Methane gas usage (CNG, LFGTE)
 Dust control (air pollution)
 What do we do with plastic bags?
 Hazardous waste collection
 Seagulls and other birds
 Odor control
 Noise
 What to do when it’s not trash (donations of clothes)
 Compaction vs. shredding
 Post closure monitoring and care

6. Waste management

7.  Amount of fuel used by trash trucks
 Odor control
 Trash attracts animals
 How to separate trash and recycling
 Litter control (on and off site)
 Composting food waste
 Reducing the amount of waste generated
 Recycling electronics
 Incineration to electricity
 Is “zero waste” feasible?

8. What Is Waste Management
Waste management (or waste disposal) are the activities and
actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final
disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and
disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of
the waste management process.
Waste can be solid, liquid, or gas and each type has different
methods of disposal and management. Waste management
deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological and
household. In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human
health. Waste is produced by human activity

9. S. Hughes 2000
What is the need for waste
management?
On Staten Island, New York, a mountain
of trash is growing, entirely manmade.
• Each day: 11,000 tons of municipal
and corporate waste disposed of at
Fresh Kills Landfill
• Facility: 3,000 acres (>1200 ha), and
by the year 2005 the mountain of trash
is expected to reach 150 to 200m
Waste Management
• New landfills are constructed each year; some are many
kilometers away from where the trash was generated.

10. The 3 R's: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, And
Then Recycle Of Waste Management
Most of us have learned that there are 3 R's in the
process of creating and maintaing a comprehensive
recycling program. Though this has been a good start
for educating and making recycling a more
mainstream concept, it is vital to recognize the
ultimate goal of this type of program; eliminating
waste!
To eliminate waist, we need a clear thought process;
steps in deciding if we are contributing to the waist
stream or if we are helping to eliminate it.

11. S. Hughes 2000
Waste Management Concepts and Problems
• Many people live in areas where concentration of toxic
pollutants exceeds standards (e.g. 25% of people in Russia)
•In 1991, 90% countries had uncontrolled dumping of industrial
hazardous waste, >60% had hazardous chemicals disposed of in
uncontrolled sites
• Urban areas produce more waste than there is space for
disposal (1/2 of U.S. cities running out of landfill space) and the
costs for treatment and disposal are increasing dramatically
• Siting of new landfills depends on:
1. favorable environment for disposing waste
2. cost of land, transportation and disposal
3. social justice -- economic and social status of citizens
4. environmental justice -- healthy disposal
• Resources are depleted, health problems are growing, and
widespread environmental damage is occurring
• Waste disposal sites may become the mines of the future.

12. S. Hughes 2000
Solid Waste Disposal
Generalized composition of urban solid waste (by weight)
for 1986 and projected for 2000
Material 1986 (%) 2000 (%)
Paper 36 39
Yard Waste 20 19
Plastics 7 9
Metals 9 9
Food Waste 9 7
Glass 8 7
Wood 4 4
Other 7 6
(source: Keller, 2000, Table 12.1)

13. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Swachh Bharat
Mission (SBM) is a nation-wide campaign in India for the
period 2014 to 2019 that aims to clean up the streets, roads
and infrastructure of India's cities, towns, and rural areas. The
campaign's official name is in Hindi and translates to "Neat
and tidy India Mission" in English. The objectives of Swachh
Bharat include eliminating open defecation through the
construction of household-owned and community-
owned toilets and establishing an accountable mechanism of
monitoring toilet use. Run by the Government of India, the
mission aims to achieve an "open-defecation free" (ODF)
India by 2nd October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth
of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing 90 million toilets in rural
India at a projected cost of ₹1.96 lakh crore (US$30
billion). The mission will also contribute to India
reaching Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6),
established by the UN in 2015.

14. The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014
at Rajghat, New Delhi by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It is
India's largest cleanliness drive to date with three million
government employees and students from all parts of India
participating in 4,043 cities, towns, and rural areas. Modi has
called the campaign Satyagrah se Swachhagrah in reference
to Gandhi's Champaran Satyagraha launched on 10 April
1917.
The mission has two thrusts: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
("gramin" or 'rural'), which operates under the Ministry of
Drinking Water and Sanitation; and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
('urban'), which operates under the Ministry of Housing and
Urban Affairs.
As part of the campaign, volunteers, known
as Swachhagrahis, or "Ambassadors of cleanliness", have
promoted indoor plumbing and community approaches to
sanitation (CAS) at the village level.

15. Swachh Barath activities

16. Ghazipur landfills in delhi

17. Delhi generates more than 9,500 metric tonnes of garbage
every day. All being dumped at three landfill sites –
Bhalswa, Ghazipur and Okhla. Of all these sites, Ghazipur
in east Delhi is the oldest and is now over saturated. There
have been accidents caused at the site, calling for
immediate action to move to a new landfill site.
After the East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC) moved
the National Green Tribunal (NGT) to help find an
alternate site, it has now filed an affidavit with the green
Bench to direct the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) to
hand over a 130-acre piece of land at Sonia Vihar and a
50-acre plot at Ghonda Gujran for land filling. Both these
locations fall under zone ‘O’ or the Yamuna River Zone
category.
However, it being said that these two proposed landfill
sites may be damaging and contaminating the floodplain.

18. The NGT Bench had earlier asked EDMC to move the
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the state
pollution control board to vet the land and see if it is fit to
be used as a landfill site. “The CPCB should decide the
matter in the next three weeks (sic),” the NGT was
reported as saying.

19. What Is Ghazipur Landfill?
Operational since 1984, the landfill site is spread over an area of
29 acres. According to the estimates, there is over 12 million
tonnes of waste at the site and it stands 50-metre tall. The site
had overshot the limit of 15-metre for a landfill site in 2002, but
no steps have been taken to make the shift. There was an
absence of an alternative site keeping the landfill functional.
The landfill site, back in 2016, used to get 3,000-3,5000 metric
tonnes of waste every day with more than 600-650 trucks
trailing on the huge garbage mounds every day. The landfill
apart from garbage also takes up sewage water and is used to
dump construction rubble from east Delhi.

20. Steps Being Taken
A new site: After the September incident, the Lieutenant
Governor (L-G) of Delhi had asked to ban Ghazipur as the
dumping site. It was then that the EDMC selected Rani Khera as
the new site for a landfill. Rani Khera is a 50-acre site located on
the Delhi-Haryana border. The site was identified two years ago
but still has not been used by authorities to dump waste. The
National Green Tribunal (NGT) recently gave the orders to
inspect the land at Rani Khera.

21. "This we know: the earth does not
belong to man, man belongs to the
earth. All things are connected like the
blood that unites us all. Man did not
weave the web of life, he is but a
strand in it. Whatever he does to the
web he does to himself."
Chief Seattle, 1852