1) This study used electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to measure regional lung ventilation distribution in pigs with both healthy and injured lungs as they were rotated between positions and exposed to different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
2) The results showed that regional ventilation distribution was highly dependent on gravity, especially in injured lungs. Increasing PEEP levels and more lateral rotation positions led to greater heterogeneity and overdistension of ventilation in healthy lungs.
3) In injured lungs, lateral rotation provided significant recruitment of collapsed lung tissue and improved oxygenation at all PEEP levels tested. Higher PEEP was needed to maintain this recruitment effect.
Non-uniform electromyographic activity during fatigue and recovery of the vas...Nosrat hedayatpour
The aim of the study was to investigate EMG signal features
during fatigue and recovery at three locations of the vastus
medialis and lateralis muscles.
Evaluvation of Perioperative Haemodynamic Changes in Hypertensive Patients Tr...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Under Appreciated Signs In Ventilator MonitoringDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Presentation of Dr. Lluis Blanch at 10th Pulmonary Medicine Update Course, Cairo, Egypt. Pulmonary Medicine Update Course is organized by Scribe : www.scribeofegypt.com
4. Physiotherapeutic approach of management in mechanically ventilated patient.ShagufaAmber
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most common interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU). Physical therapy includes early mobilisation to improve functional outcomes. Physical therapy interventions include passive movements of the extremities for deeply sedated patients, in-bed and out-of-bed mobility, active or passive cycling ,neuromuscular electrical stimulation and ambulation.Chest physiotherapy facilitates removal of retained or profuse airway secretions aiming to reduce airway resistance, optimize lung compliance, and decrease the work of breathing. Multimodality respiratory physiotherapy appeared to reduce mortality in ICU patients.
Non-uniform electromyographic activity during fatigue and recovery of the vas...Nosrat hedayatpour
The aim of the study was to investigate EMG signal features
during fatigue and recovery at three locations of the vastus
medialis and lateralis muscles.
Evaluvation of Perioperative Haemodynamic Changes in Hypertensive Patients Tr...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Under Appreciated Signs In Ventilator MonitoringDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Presentation of Dr. Lluis Blanch at 10th Pulmonary Medicine Update Course, Cairo, Egypt. Pulmonary Medicine Update Course is organized by Scribe : www.scribeofegypt.com
4. Physiotherapeutic approach of management in mechanically ventilated patient.ShagufaAmber
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most common interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU). Physical therapy includes early mobilisation to improve functional outcomes. Physical therapy interventions include passive movements of the extremities for deeply sedated patients, in-bed and out-of-bed mobility, active or passive cycling ,neuromuscular electrical stimulation and ambulation.Chest physiotherapy facilitates removal of retained or profuse airway secretions aiming to reduce airway resistance, optimize lung compliance, and decrease the work of breathing. Multimodality respiratory physiotherapy appeared to reduce mortality in ICU patients.
3. Exercise Intolerance and its treatment with exercise-based cardiac rehabil...ShagufaAmber
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the fastest growing form of heart failure in the United States and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It refers to the preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and this phenotype is more common in older individuals, women, and those with history of hypertension, obesity, and anemia. (Benjamin et al., 2019, Fukuta et al., 2019)Exercise intolerance ( decreased peak oxygen uptake and · Vo2peak) secondary to impaired cardiac, vascular, and skeletal muscle function is a hallmark feature in clinically stable HFpEF patients and is associated with reduced quality of life
Biofeedback machines commonly used in the physiotherapy practice are described along with available evidences for clinical use.
Most of the feedback modalities are described along with its use and the mechanism behind it.
22- Force platform- is the device used to measure the ground reaction forces in steady and/or in moving phase. Sensors in the force platform give visual feedback on the screen attached to therapist as well as patient about the weight distribution and other parameters of gait can also be measured.
33- Mirror -used as visual feedback to treat the pain as well as disability in different conditions. It healps to activate the mirror neuron in the brain. Mirrior therapy proposed by Ramchandran et al has been found most beneficial treatment in the phantom limb pain treatment
This work by respiratory physiotherapist Angelo Longoni aims to demonstrate how the use of diaphragmatic ultrasound can be helpful in the evaluation of results of rehabilitative respiratory programs.
2. Special consideration in cardiac rehabilitation program for older adults.ShagufaAmber
An increasing number of cardiac patients are above the age of 65 years . They are susceptible to the adverse effect of bed rest . So early mobilization is especially important to return them to active and independent lifestyle.
- Most of the patients with heart failure, are elderly patients, shooting up to 80% in both incidence and prevalence.This is due to improved and better survival after cardiac insults, such as myocardial infarction, especially in developed countries.(AHA,2013).
-The safety and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation have been demonstrated in the elderly (age >65 years) .(Pasquali ,et al.,2001)
-CR has a class IA recommendation by the AHA and ACSM for secondary prevention after any coronary heart disease
DIAPHRAGMATIC MUSCLE SONOGRAPHY IN THE PHYSIOTHERAPIST CLINICAL PRACTICE AS ...Angelo Longoni
The aim of this work is to describe how the Ultrasound of the diaphragm muscle can be useful in the clinical practice of the physiotherapist as a support to the classical clinical tests such as wt 6 minutes and MIP/MEP pressures, after a rehabilitation program in COPD patients.
EFFECT OF POSTURAL CONTROL BIOMECHANICAL GAIN ON PSYCHOPHYSICAL DETECTION THR...ijbbjournal
A Sliding Linear Investigative Platform for Assessing Lower Limb Stability (SLIP-FALLS) was employed to study postural control biomechanical reaction to external perturbations in a short ≤16mm postural perturbation. Head acceleration were evaluated while blindfolded subjects stood on a platform that was given a short anterior perturbation presented in one of 2 sequential 4s intervals (2-Alternative-ForcedChoice) for a set of 30 trials. Anterior-Posterior head acceleration (Head Accl AP) were investigated among the movement and non- movement intervals for the healthy adults. A strong ringing signal was observed in Head Accl AP movement interval that was absent in non-movement interval. A positive power
law trading relationship was found between Head Accl AP gain and move length standing blindfolded subjects. This could explain the observed negative power law relationship between translation length and peak acceleration threshold in previous psychophysical detection threshold studies.
Lung cancer stigma: Causes, Prevalence, Impacts and Conceptual Model Andrea Borondy Kitts
Presentation summary of my MPH class paper on Lung Cancer Stigma: Causes, Prevalence, Impacts and Development of a Lung Cancer Stigma Model to Guide Public Health Interventions
The role of interventional radiology in management of Plural effusion, empyem...Abdulsalam Taha
This power point presentation describes the role of minimal invasive techniques in the management of pleural space problems such as pleural effusion, empyema thoracis and parenchymal inflammatory conditions such as lung abscess. The content of this presentation is derived from an article published in (Seminars in interventional radiology) journal.
3. Exercise Intolerance and its treatment with exercise-based cardiac rehabil...ShagufaAmber
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the fastest growing form of heart failure in the United States and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It refers to the preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and this phenotype is more common in older individuals, women, and those with history of hypertension, obesity, and anemia. (Benjamin et al., 2019, Fukuta et al., 2019)Exercise intolerance ( decreased peak oxygen uptake and · Vo2peak) secondary to impaired cardiac, vascular, and skeletal muscle function is a hallmark feature in clinically stable HFpEF patients and is associated with reduced quality of life
Biofeedback machines commonly used in the physiotherapy practice are described along with available evidences for clinical use.
Most of the feedback modalities are described along with its use and the mechanism behind it.
22- Force platform- is the device used to measure the ground reaction forces in steady and/or in moving phase. Sensors in the force platform give visual feedback on the screen attached to therapist as well as patient about the weight distribution and other parameters of gait can also be measured.
33- Mirror -used as visual feedback to treat the pain as well as disability in different conditions. It healps to activate the mirror neuron in the brain. Mirrior therapy proposed by Ramchandran et al has been found most beneficial treatment in the phantom limb pain treatment
This work by respiratory physiotherapist Angelo Longoni aims to demonstrate how the use of diaphragmatic ultrasound can be helpful in the evaluation of results of rehabilitative respiratory programs.
2. Special consideration in cardiac rehabilitation program for older adults.ShagufaAmber
An increasing number of cardiac patients are above the age of 65 years . They are susceptible to the adverse effect of bed rest . So early mobilization is especially important to return them to active and independent lifestyle.
- Most of the patients with heart failure, are elderly patients, shooting up to 80% in both incidence and prevalence.This is due to improved and better survival after cardiac insults, such as myocardial infarction, especially in developed countries.(AHA,2013).
-The safety and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation have been demonstrated in the elderly (age >65 years) .(Pasquali ,et al.,2001)
-CR has a class IA recommendation by the AHA and ACSM for secondary prevention after any coronary heart disease
DIAPHRAGMATIC MUSCLE SONOGRAPHY IN THE PHYSIOTHERAPIST CLINICAL PRACTICE AS ...Angelo Longoni
The aim of this work is to describe how the Ultrasound of the diaphragm muscle can be useful in the clinical practice of the physiotherapist as a support to the classical clinical tests such as wt 6 minutes and MIP/MEP pressures, after a rehabilitation program in COPD patients.
EFFECT OF POSTURAL CONTROL BIOMECHANICAL GAIN ON PSYCHOPHYSICAL DETECTION THR...ijbbjournal
A Sliding Linear Investigative Platform for Assessing Lower Limb Stability (SLIP-FALLS) was employed to study postural control biomechanical reaction to external perturbations in a short ≤16mm postural perturbation. Head acceleration were evaluated while blindfolded subjects stood on a platform that was given a short anterior perturbation presented in one of 2 sequential 4s intervals (2-Alternative-ForcedChoice) for a set of 30 trials. Anterior-Posterior head acceleration (Head Accl AP) were investigated among the movement and non- movement intervals for the healthy adults. A strong ringing signal was observed in Head Accl AP movement interval that was absent in non-movement interval. A positive power
law trading relationship was found between Head Accl AP gain and move length standing blindfolded subjects. This could explain the observed negative power law relationship between translation length and peak acceleration threshold in previous psychophysical detection threshold studies.
Lung cancer stigma: Causes, Prevalence, Impacts and Conceptual Model Andrea Borondy Kitts
Presentation summary of my MPH class paper on Lung Cancer Stigma: Causes, Prevalence, Impacts and Development of a Lung Cancer Stigma Model to Guide Public Health Interventions
The role of interventional radiology in management of Plural effusion, empyem...Abdulsalam Taha
This power point presentation describes the role of minimal invasive techniques in the management of pleural space problems such as pleural effusion, empyema thoracis and parenchymal inflammatory conditions such as lung abscess. The content of this presentation is derived from an article published in (Seminars in interventional radiology) journal.
Massive transudative pleural effusion due to CSF fistula - A case report Apollo Hospitals
A 33-year-old paraplegic female patient presented with a massive pleural effusion a few years after two spinal surgeries. She was evaluated and found to have pleural effusion due to CSF leak into pleural cavity.
Fluid cytology in serous cavity effusionstashagarwal
The intrathoracic and intraperitoneal organs are covered by a single layer of mesothelial cells, which is continuous with the lining of the thoracic and peritoneal cavities. The potential space between the two layers of epithelium contains a small amount of lubricating fluid.
Serous fluid lies between the membranes lining the body cavities(parietal) and those covering the organs within the cavities(visceral).
Production and reabsorption are normally at a constant rate. They are influenced by
Changes in osmotic and hydrostatic pressure in the blood.
Concentration of chemical constituents in the plasma
Permeability of blood vessels and membranes.
An accumulation of fluid, called an effusion, results from an imbalance of fluid production and reabsorption. This fluid accumulation in the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities is known as serous effusion.
Roka P.L. et al.: Breath-by-breath regional expiratory time constants by elec...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
Development of a Respiration Rate Meter –A Low-Cost Design Approachhiij
Measurement of physiological parameters like respiration rate is crucial in field of medicine. Respiration
rate can indicate the state of rhythmic behaviour of heart and proper gaseous exchange in blood. As per
Medical research, respiratory rate is regarded as the marker of pulmonary dysfunction. Respiration rate
meters are used in measuring CO2 in expired air and in apnea detectors. It is also used in daily
physiological tests like stress-o-meter for assessing ones level of stress that he/she can perceive in life after
monitoring respiration rate, pulse rate and heart rate. This paper shed lights on the development of a lowcost
respiration rate meter using infrared sensing and associated digital electronic circuitry. The proposed
device is able to measure respiration rate in the range of 0-999 respirations/minute.
Krammer P. et al.: Electrical impedance tomography Simulator.Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
Respiration Monitoring System of Lung Phantom Using Magnetic SensorjournalBEEI
Monitoring vital signs is substantial in healthcare to assist both diagnosis and treatment. This work proposes a means of telemonitoring system at initial stage to observe respiratory pattern on lung phantom. Magnetic sensor module LDC1000 is used to read inductance value of conductive material in relation to distance variation. Therefore, respiration pattern can be observed. In continuous mode, the inspiration inductance value is 8 uH, while expiration is 17 uH, with stoppage is 17 uH. For static measurement, the inspiration inductance value is 7.80 uH, while expiration is 16.46 uH and stoppage is 16.46 uH. Those values could be further referred for vital signs telemonitoring system design based on contactless and portable devices.
State feedback control for human inspiratory systemIJECEIAES
The mathematical modeling of human respiratory system is an essentially part in saving precision information of diagnostic about the disease of cardiovascular respiratory system. The physics of respiratory system and cardiovascular are completely interconnected with each other. In this paper, we will study the state feedback control for the inspiratory system during study the characteristics of the response output with the stability. The model of system is nonlinear and linearized it by Tayler method to be simple to matching with the control theory. We convert the system from differential equation to state equation to find the optimal control that helps to drive the respiratory system. Simulations are managed to indicate the proposed method effectiveness. The results of simulations are validated by using a real information form the health center.
The main objective of this project is to measure the heart pumping function continuously and with maximally non-invasive methodology in a medical setting arrangement. Thus this paper is aimed to determine the study of impedance plethysmographic method to evaluate the stroke volume changes. In this paper the blood flow analysis has been carried out with fuzzy logic tool box with various activities such as Dehydration, Physical exercise, Cool skin, Warm Skin and breathes hold activity. Immediately after measuring the blood flow with the help of Impedance plethysmography, the end systolic and end diastolic values are obtained with the help of echocardiogram for the 18 subjects both in the normal condition and immediately after holding the breathe for 25 seconds. For the 18 subjects the correlation coefficient is obtained in a linear fashion between the changes in peak amplitude of forearm impedance plethysmographic waveform and changes in stroke volume before and after the 25 second breathe holding activity. Finally the forearm impedance plethysmographic waveform can be used to analyze the heart beat changes in Correlation with the changes in heart stroke volume. The process could be monitored for the series of cycles in determining the heart pumping performance.
White Paper on novel EIT interfaces, English version (PDF, 1.2 MB) Hauke Sann
Swisstom White Paper; Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Dosimetric Consequences of Intrafraction Variation of Tumor Motion in Lung St...semualkaira
The purpose of this study was to investigate the target dose discrepancy caused by intrafraction variation during Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung cancer. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plans were designed based on Average Computed Tomography (AVG CT) utilizing the Planning Target Volume (PTV) surrounding the 65% and 85% prescription isodoses in both phantom and patient cases
Dosimetric Consequences of Intrafraction Variation of Tumor Motion in Lung St...semualkaira
The purpose of this study was to investigate the target dose discrepancy caused by intrafraction variation during Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung cancer. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plans were designed based on Average Computed Tomography (AVG CT) utilizing the Planning Target Volume (PTV) surrounding the 65% and 85% prescription isodoses in both phantom and patient cases. Intrafraction variation was simulated by shifting the nominal plan isocenter along six directions from 0.5 mm to 4.5 mm with a 1-mm step size to produce a series of perturbed plans. The dose discrepancy between the initial plan and the perturbed plans was calculated as the percentage of the initial plan
Dosimetric Consequences of Intrafraction Variation of Tumor Motion in Lung St...semualkaira
The purpose of this study was to investigate the target dose discrepancy caused by intrafraction variation during Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung cancer. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plans were designed based on Average Computed Tomography (AVG CT) utilizing the Planning Target Volume (PTV) surrounding the 65% and 85% prescription isodoses in both phantom and patient cases. Intrafraction variation was simulated by shifting the nominal plan isocenter along six directions from 0.5 mm to 4.5 mm with a 1-mm step size to produce a series of perturbed plans. The dose discrepancy between the initial plan and the perturbed plans was calculated as the percentage of the initial plan. Dose indices, including D99 and D95 for Internal Target Volume (ITV) and Gross Tumor Volume (GTV), were adopted as endpoint samples. The mean dose discrepancy was calculated under the 3-dimensional space distribution. In this study, we found that intrafraction motion can lead to serious dose degradation of the target and ITV in lung SBRT, especially during SBRT with PTV surrounding the lower isodose line. This phenomenon was compromised when 3-dimensional space distribution was considered. This result may provide a prospective reference for target dose degradation due to intrafraction motion during lung SBRT treatment.
Similar to Waldmann A. et al.: Position-dependent distribution of lung Ventilation – A feasability study. (20)
Proença M. et al.: Influence of heart motion on EIT-based stroke volume estim...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 15th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Gananoque, Ontario, Canada, April 24-26, 2014
Braun F. et al.: Comparing belt positions for monitoring the descending aorta...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 15th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Gananoque, Ontario, Canada, April 24-26, 2014
Roka P.L. et al.: Software tool for analysing ventilation EIT data.Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
McCall K.E. et al.: Using EIT to determine the role of gestational age on lun...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
Grychtol B. et al.: 3D EIT image reconstruction with GREIT.Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
White Paper on Swisstom BB2 Silent Spaces, English version (PDF, 1.7 MB)Hauke Sann
Swisstom White Paper; Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Short instruction Swisstom BB2, EIT, Portuguese version (PDF, 651 KB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
This small sized instruction card explains step-by-step how to optimally apply the EIT SensorBelt to a lying passive patient.
Short instruction Swisstom BB2, EIT, French version (PDF, 649 KB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
This small sized instruction card explains step-by-step how to optimally apply the EIT SensorBelt to a lying passive patient.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Japanese version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, French version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Chinese version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Italian version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Finnish version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Danish version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Portuguese version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Spanish version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter-16_Digestive-System.pptx
Waldmann A. et al.: Position-dependent distribution of lung Ventilation – A feasability study.
1. Position-dependent distribution of lung ventilation
– A feasability study
Waldmann A, Ortolá C, Martinez M, Vidal A, Santos A, Manuel
Márquez M, Róka P, Böhm S, Sipmann F, Sensors Applications
Symposium, Zadar, Croatia, 2015
3. Fig. 1. Protocol: pigs were rotated in 30°-steps from the supine to the right
and then to the left lateral position and back to 0°. The numbers from 1 to 13
indicate the measurements taken in sequence.
then repeated in a counter-clockwise direction until -90° and
back to 0° (for details see Fig. 1). The exact rotation of the
subject was measured with an accelerometer positioned on the
subject´s sternum. To ensure stable recording conditions no
data were obtained during the first 2 of 3 minutes at a given
angle. Baseline ventilation was performed with a tidal volume
of 6 ml/kg in a volume controlled mode, at a respiratory rate
of 30 breaths per min, an inspiratory to expiratory ratio of 1:2
and a PEEP of 5 cmH2O. The fraction of inspiratory oxygen
(FIO2) was set to 0.4 for the healthy model and 1 for the lung
injury model. An entire measurement sequence consisting of a
total of 13 EIT recordings and arterial and mixed venous
blood gas analyses was performed at each angle studied and at
each of the following PEEP levels: 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O. The
order in which PEEP levels were applied was randomized. To
avoid carry over effects baseline ventilation conditions were
applied for 5 minutes before changing to the next level of
PEEP.
B. Motorized rotation table
We used a costum-built motorized table (Guido Kübler
GmbH, Bobingen, Germany) to rotate the animal to the
predefined angles (Fig. 2c). The table has two linear actuators
(MAX30-A200415C510F, SKF Group, Gothenburg, Sweden)
and one DC motor (403.957, Valco, Germany). In contrast to
tables with only one motor, our table rotates the animal
concentrically around its longitudinal axis without changing
the z-direction of the table or its lateral extension. Rotation of
the table was controlled by a laptop via a serial
communication protocol. Before starting the experiment the
table was calibrated by the electronic inclinometer Incli Tronic
plus (BMI, Hersbruck, Germany) with an accuracy of ± 0.1° at
0° and 90° and of ± 0.3° between 1° and 89°. A vacuum
mattress and two belts were used to tightly fix the animals
during the rotation, see Fig. 2a.
C. EIT device
EIT measurements were performed with the Pioneer-Set
(Swisstom AG, Landquart, Switzerland). This device consists
of a custom-built pig interface, the SensorBelt (SB) and a
SensorBeltConnector (SBC) to drive the SB, see Fig. 2b. The
special pig interface was made of an elastic tube (Silcolatex
7x10, Tefelex Medical, Germany) carrying 32 contact pads
made of stainless steel tubing. A standard electrically non-
conductive ultrasonic gel was used to reduce the impedance
between these pads and the skin.
(a) Pig placement (b) SensorBelt
(c) Motorized table
Fig. 2. (a) Measurement set-up, consisting of a vacuum matress, flow and
pressure sensors and the SensorBelt, (b) SensorBelt, consicting of gravity
sensor, pig interface and plug for SensorBeltConnector. (c) Motorized table,
consisting of a wooden table top, two linear motors and one DC motor. The
table can be moved vertically from 84 cm to 90 cm and rotated concentrically
from -90 to +90° at a maximum speed of 1° per second using serial
commands.
Each of these pads was connected via a cable to the SB.
The SB contained 32 active sensors, which were switched
between a current injecting and a voltage measurement
function. In order to reduce the complexity of the belt bus
within the SB the 32 sensors are arranged in daisy chain
architecture. Digital commands, sent by the SBC, are then used
to sequentially read out all sensors. The measured analog
voltages are converted into digital signals using a 14 bit analog
to digital converter. The SBC is plugged into the SB equipped
with an integrated 3-axis accelerometer (ADXL343, Analog
Devices, Boston, MA; USA) to measure the subject´s exact
body position. Gravity and the respective other accelerations
were measured at 30 Hz and converted into a longitudinal and
a transversal angle, to describe the rotation angle of the subject.
An electrical drive current with peak-to-peak amplitude of
3 mA and a frequency of 144 kHz was used in all
measurements. 30 tomographic differential images were
recorded per second. EIT-based moving images of regional
ventilation were generated from the collected potential
differences and the known excitation currents using a
derivative of the publically available GREIT image
reconstruction algorithm [18]. More information about the EIT
device can be found in [19], [20].
D. EIT data analysis
During each one of the predefined study angles EIT movies
were created from 20 consecutive breaths. During post hoc
analysis for each pixel the impedance difference between
inspiration and the preceding end-expiration was calculated
which delivered the so-called tidal EIT images. From these 20
tidal images the fraction of ventilation delivered to the right
and left lung was determined simply splitting the image into a
right and left hemithorax.
430
4. E. Dynamic complicance
Dynamic compliance was calculated on a breath-by-breath
basis using the internal flow and pressure sensors of the Open
Lung Tool (Servo-i Maquet Critical Care, Solna, Sweden).
III. RESULTS
During the experiments neither technical nor medical
difficulties were encountered. All devices and sensors
delivered the expected data. Fig. 3 and 4 depict the percentage
of ventilation delivered to the right lung, dynamic compliance
and oxygenation index for the healthy and for the lung injury
model. Right at the start and during the study the lungs of the
supposedly “healthy” pigs presented with a wide range of
mechanical and gas exchange properties ranging from fully
healthy to rather sick.
A. EIT data / Ventilation distribution
At PEEP 5 cmH2O the healthy right lung received 55% of
the tidal volume and the left lung received 45%, see Fig.3. A
slight asymmetry remained at all angles returning to almost
50% after a complete rotation sequence. At PEEP 10 cmH2O
and 15 cmH2O ventilation to the right lung increased to 70% in
the right lateral positions, whereas rotation to the left side
decreased right lung ventilation to 60 and 50%, respectively.
In contrast, the injured lung showed a higher rotation-
dependency, see Fig.4. Whereas in the supine position
ventilation was rather equally distributed between the right
(52%) and the left lung (48%), in the left lateral positions 78%
of the ventilation shifted to the non-dependent upper right lung
reaching as much as 73% when back in the supine position.
Even the slightest rotation by 30° to the right side inverted this
distribution abruptly with the right lower lung now receiving
less than 50%. Increasing and decreasing the rotation angle did
not change this ventilation pattern. The distribution of
ventilation between the lungs at PEEP 10 and 15 cmH2O
resembled that of the healthy lungs at PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O,
but showing a slightly larger angle-dependent hysteresis in the
sick lung at PEEP 10 cmH2O.
B. Dynamic compliance
The dynamic compliance in the healthy pig ventilated at PEEP
5 cmH2O remained unchanged during the entire rotation
sequence but its overall level increased with PEEP 10 cmH2O
from around 15 to 20 ml/cmH2O without showing a major
hysteresis, see Fig. 3. During the initial leftward rotation at
PEEP 15 cmH2O a marked gain in compliance was noticed
which stabilized between 20 and 25 ml/cmH2O for the
remainder of the study. The sick lungs showed a similar
behavior however at compliance values approximately 5
ml/cmH2O lower than their healthy counterparts see Fig. 4.
C. Blood gas PaO2/FiO2 ratio
At PEEP 5 cmH2O the oxygenation index PaO2/FIO2
remained between 250 and 350 mmHg in the healthy lung,
reached values around 250 mmHg at PEEP 10 cmH2O and did
not change with the rotation angle. At PEEP 15 cmH2O
PaO2/FIO2 remain between 300 and 350 mmHg and did not
change with the rotation angle.
The PaO2/FIO2 of about 120 mmHg at 0° corresponded to a
very sick lung. At PEEP 5 cmH2O, oxygenation improved with
lateral rotations to both sides reaching maximum values
between 250 and 300 mmHg. Rotation at PEEP 10 cmH2O
opened collapsed lung units and stabilized PaO2/FIO2 value
above 350 mmHg showing the same behavior also at PEEP 15
cmH2O, see Fig. 4.
IV. DISCUSSION
These initial results show that the distribution of regional
ventilation was highly gravity-dependent especially in sick
lungs.
The function of the healthy lung at PEEP 5 cmH2O was
normal and appeared rotation-independent. With higher PEEPs
a clear dependency on the rotation angle was revealed which
reached its maximal expression at ± 60° and ± 90° and together
with the upward-convex shape of the compliance curve can be
interpreted as the beginning (10 cmH2O) of overt (15 cmH2O)
overdistension of the respective non-dependent healthy upper
lung. Thus, high PEEP in conjunction with a high rotation
angle increased the heterogeneity of ventilation in the healthy
lungs.
Starting from low oxygenation levels lateral rotation
showed significant recruitment effects on previously collapsed
lung tissue as witnessed by the increases in oxygenation at all
PEEPs. PEEP 5 cmH2O, however, was not able to maintain
this recruitment. Once PEEP reached 10 cmH2O it was high
enough to keep the newly recruited lung units open shifting
oxygenation and compliance into the normal range. Increasing
PEEP further to 15 cmH2O created a lung situation similar to
the one seen in the healthy lung at 10 cmH2O reflecting a
stable but slightly overdistended upper lung.
V. CONCLUSION
The distribution of regional ventilation was gravity-
dependent and the combined effects of PEEP and rotation
angle were different in health and disease. Both, experimental
and measurement setup as well as the parameters chosen to
characterize lung function appear suitable for analyzing the
effects of PEEP and rotation in healthy and injured lungs.
VI. OUTLOOK
In this feasibility study in six subjects we calculated the
distribution of ventilation between the right and left lung, only.
In the future we should also analyze the distribution of
ventilation between the gravity dependent and the non-
dependent lung by dividing the lung at each angle by a
horizontal line perpendicular to the gravity vector. This way,
the true gravity- dependency of lung function and a correlation
with parameters of global lung function should become more
obvious. Furthermore it would be interesting to study the local
matching of ventilation and perfusion, as suggested by [21],
[22], under different rotation and PEEP conditions. Therefore,
regional perfusion measurements should be included in the
next study protocol. Once data analysis and study protocol
have been refined in the above way they should be applied in
431
5. more pigs to reveal the underlying mechanisms of gravity- and
PEEP-dependency of lung function.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This project was funded by the “Fondo de Investigaciones
Sanitarias FIS, PI10/01885.
REFERENCES
[1] C. Guérin, “Prone ventilation in acute respiratory distress
syndrome.,” Eur. Respir. Rev., vol. 23, no. 132, pp. 249–57, Jun.
2014.
[2] L. Gattinoni, G. Tognoni, A. Pesenti, P. Taccone, D. Mascheroni, V.
Labarta, R. Malacrida, P. Di Giulio, R. Fumagalli, P. Pelosi, L.
Brazzi, and R. Latini, “Effect of prone positioning on the survival of
patients with acute respiratory failure.,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 345,
no. 8, pp. 568–73, Aug. 2001.
[3] J. Mancebo, R. Fernández, L. Blanch, G. Rialp, F. Gordo, M. Ferrer,
F. Rodríguez, P. Garro, P. Ricart, I. Vallverdú, I. Gich, J. Castaño,
P. Saura, G. Domínguez, A. Bonet, and R. K. Albert, “A multicenter
trial of prolonged prone ventilation in severe acute respiratory
distress syndrome.,” Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., vol. 173, no.
11, pp. 1233–9, Jun. 2006.
[4] P. Taccone, A. Pesenti, R. Latini, F. Polli, F. Vagginelli, C. Mietto,
and L. Caspani, “Prone Positioning in Patients With Moderate and
Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome,” vol. 302, no. 18, pp.
1977–1984, 2009.
[5] C. Guérin, J. Reignier, J.-C. Richard, P. Beuret, A. Gacouin, T.
Boulain, E. Mercier, M. Badet, A. Mercat, O. Baudin, M. Clavel, D.
Chatellier, S. Jaber, S. Rosselli, J. Mancebo, M. Sirodot, G. Hilbert,
C. Bengler, J. Richecoeur, M. Gainnier, F. Bayle, G. Bourdin, V.
Leray, R. Girard, L. Baboi, and L. Ayzac, “Prone positioning in
severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol.
368, no. 23, pp. 2159–68, Jun. 2013.
[6] E. L. Costa, R. G. Lima, and M. B. Amato, “Electrical impedance
tomography,” Curr. Opin. Crit. Care, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 18–24, Feb.
2009.
[7] J. A. Victorino, J. B. Borges, V. N. Okamoto, G. F. J. Matos, M. R.
Tucci, M. P. R. Caramez, H. Tanaka, F. S. Sipmann, D. C. B.
Santos, C. S. V Barbas, C. R. R. Carvalho, and M. B. P. Amato,
“Imbalances in regional lung ventilation: a validation study on
electrical impedance tomography.,” Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,
vol. 169, no. 7, pp. 791–800, Apr. 2004.
[8] B. Vogt, S. Pulletz, G. Elke, Z. Zhao, P. Zabel, N. Weiler, and I.
Frerichs, “Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of regional lung
ventilation determined by electrical impedance tomography during
pulmonary function testing.,” J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 113, no. 7, pp.
1154–61, Oct. 2012.
[9] I. Frerichs, P. A. Dargaville, H. van Genderingen, D. R. Morel, and
P. C. Rimensberger, “Lung volume recruitment after surfactant
administration modifies spatial distribution of ventilation.,” Am. J.
Respir. Crit. Care Med., vol. 174, no. 7, pp. 772–9, Oct. 2006.
[10] G. K. Wolf, C. Gómez-Laberge, J. S. Rettig, S. O. Vargas, C. D.
Smallwood, S. P. Prabhu, S. H. Vitali, D. Zurakowski, and J. H.
Arnold, “Mechanical ventilation guided by electrical impedance
tomography in experimental acute lung injury.,” Crit. Care Med.,
vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1296–304, May 2013.
[11] I. Frerichs, J. Hinz, P. Herrmann, G. Weisser, G. Hahn, M. Quintel,
and G. Hellige, “Regional lung perfusion as determined by electrical
impedance tomography in comparison with electron beam CT
imaging.,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 646–52,
Jun. 2002.
[12] I. Frerichs, G. Hahn, and G. Hellige, “Gravity-dependent
phenomena in lung ventilation determined by functional EIT.,”
Physiol. Meas., vol. 17 Suppl 4, pp. A149–57, Nov. 1996.
[13] T. Riedel, T. Richards, and A. Schibler, “The value of electrical
impedance tomography in assessing the effect of body position and
positive airway pressures on regional lung ventilation in
spontaneously breathing subjects.,” Intensive Care Med., vol. 31,
no. 11, pp. 1522–8, Nov. 2005.
[14] I. Frerichs, P. Braun, T. Dudykevych, G. Hahn, D. Genée, and G.
Hellige, “Distribution of ventilation in young and elderly adults
determined by electrical impedance tomography.,” Respir. Physiol.
Neurobiol., vol. 143, no. 1, pp. 63–75, Oct. 2004.
[15] F. Reifferscheid, G. Elke, S. Pulletz, B. Gawelczyk, I.
Lautenschläger, M. Steinfath, N. Weiler, and I. Frerichs, “Regional
ventilation distribution determined by electrical impedance
tomography: reproducibility and effects of posture and chest
plane.,” Respirology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 523–31, Apr. 2011.
[16] G. Zick, G. Elke, T. Becher, D. Schädler, S. Pulletz, S. Freitag-
Wolf, N. Weiler, and I. Frerichs, “Effect of PEEP and tidal volume
on ventilation distribution and end-expiratory lung volume: a
prospective experimental animal and pilot clinical study.,” PLoS
One, vol. 8, no. 8, p. e72675, Jan. 2013.
[17] P. Blankman, D. Hasan, E. Groot Jebbink, and D. Gommers,
“Detection of ‘best’ positive end-expiratory pressure derived from
electrical impedance tomography parameters during a decremental
positive end-expiratory pressure trial.,” Crit. Care, vol. 18, no. 3, p.
R95, May 2014.
[18] A. Adler, J. H. Arnold, R. Bayford, A. Borsic, B. Brown, P. Dixon,
T. J. C. Faes, I. Frerichs, H. Gagnon, Y. Gärber, B. Grychtol, G.
Hahn, W. R. B. Lionheart, A. Malik, R. P. Patterson, J. Stocks, A.
Tizzard, N. Weiler, and G. K. Wolf, “GREIT: a unified approach to
2D linear EIT reconstruction of lung images.,” Physiol. Meas., vol.
30, no. 6, pp. S35–55, Jun. 2009.
[19] P. O. Gaggero, A. Adler, J. Brunner, and P. Seitz, “Electrical
impedance tomography system based on active electrodes.,”
Physiol. Meas., vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 831–47, May 2012.
[20] P. O. Gaggero, “Miniaturization and Distinguishability Limits of
Electrical Impedance Tomography for Biomedical Application By,”
no. June, 2011.
[21] Y. Li, E. Tesselaar, J. B. Borges, S. H. Böhm, F. Sjöberg, and B.
Janerot-Sjöberg, “Hyperoxia affects the regional pulmonary
ventilation/perfusion ratio: an electrical impedance tomography
study.,” Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 716–25, Jul.
2014.
[22] J. B. Borges, F. Suarez-Sipmann, S. H. Bohm, G. Tusman, A. Melo,
E. Maripuu, M. Sandström, M. Park, E. L. V Costa, G.
Hedenstierna, and M. Amato, “Regional lung perfusion estimated
by electrical impedance tomography in a piglet model of lung
collapse.,” J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 225–36, Jan. 2012.
432
6. 0° 30° 60° 90°-30°-60°-90°
PEEP 5
PEEP 10
0° 30° 60° 90°-30°-60°-90°
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
PEEP 15
30° 60° 90°-30°-60°-90° 0°
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Fig. 3. Healthy lung: Percentage of ventilation delivered to the right lung, dynamic compliance and oxygenation index PaO2/FIO2 are plotted for different body
positions and PEEP level. Small arrows indicate the measurement sequence. Representative sequence of tidal EIT images during roation from the left (+90°) to the
right (-90°) lateral position show regional ventilation where bright pixels depict a large and dark ones a low ventilation amplitude. Data are plotted for each
condition for three pigs. The thin lines show the data of the individual pigs, the thick violet line represents the mean value.
433
7. PEEP 5
PEEP 10
PEEP 15
0° 30° 60° 90°-30°-60°-90°
0° 30° 60° 90°-30°-60°-90°
0° 30° 60° 90°-30°-60°-90°
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Fig. 4. Sick lung: Percentage of ventilation delivered to the right lung, dynamic compliance and oxygenation index PaO2/FIO2 are plotted for different body
positions and PEEP level. Small arrows indicate the measurement sequence. Representative sequence of tidal EIT images during roation from the left (+90°) to the
right (-90°) lateral position show regional ventilation where bright pixels depict a large and dark ones a low ventilation amplitude. Data are plotted for each
condition for three pigs. The thin lines show the data of the individual pigs, the thick violet line represents the mean value.
434