1. LUNG COLLAPSE &
CONSOLIDATION.
Dr. Nikrish S Hegde

2. What is collapse?
 Reduction in volume of air within the
lung
 Asssociated with reduction in lung
volume.
 Atelectasis.

3. Mechanisms.
 Passive Collapse
 Cicatrisation Collapse
 Adhesive Collapse
 Resorption Collapse

4. Passive Collapse
 Lung retracts towards the hilum.
 Air or increased fluid in the pleural cavity
 Pleural effusion / pneumothrax

5. Passive Collapse

6. Cicatrisation Collapse
 Lung is abnormally stiff
 Reduction in lung compliance
 Resulting in collapse
 Pulmonary Fibrosis.

7. Cicatrisation Collapse

9. Adhesive Collapse
 Surfactant reduces the surface tension
 Disturbance of this mechanism
 Collapse of the alveoli
 Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

10. Resorption Collapse
 Acute bronchial obstruction .
 Gases in the alveoli are taken up by the
blood.
 Modified by collateral air drift and
infection.
 Chronic  Collapse

11. Resorption Collapse

12. SIGNS
 DIRECT:
 INDIRECT:

13. Displacement of
interlobar fissures.

14. Loss Of Aeration

15. Crowding of vessels and
bronchi.

16. Elevation Of
Hemidiaphragm.

17. Mediastinal
Displacement.

18. Hilar Displacement.

19. Compensatory
Hyperinflation
1)ANTERIOR TO
ASCENDING AORTA
2)POSTERIOR TO HEART
3)UNDER THE ARCH

20. Air Bronchogram
 Almost not seen in resorption collapse
 Seen in adhesive and passive collapse.
 And in cicatrisation collapse with
extensive fibrosis.

21. Pre existing Lung
Diseases.
 Fibrosis
 Plueral Adhesions
 May alter the expected anatomical
displacements in collapse

22. Reciprocal Relationship
 There exists a relationship between the
compensatory signs.
 Degree of diaphragmatic elevation is
directly related to amount of collapse
and inversely to the hilar displacement
and compensatory hyperinflation.
 Eg: Lower lobe collapse, if
diaphragmatic elevation is marked, hilar
depression is diminished.

23. RUL Collapse

24. RUL Collapse

26. LUL Collapse

29. RML Collapse

32. Lingular Collapse

34. RLL Collapse

38. LLL Collapse

41. Shifting Granuloma sign.

42. Luftsichel Sign:

43. Juxtaphrenic Peak Sign

44. Golden S Sign

45. Superior Triangle Sign

46. Double Lesion Sign
 If collapse of multiple segments occurs
in certain combination , the likelyhood of
bronchogenic carcinoma is small.
 Eg: RUL and RML is rarely seen in
bronchogenic ca but RML and RLL is
frequently seen.

47. Round Atelectasis

50. CONSOLIDATION
 Decrease in volume of air within the Lung.
 Associated with normal lung volume.
 Pulmonary airways 1) Conducting network
2) Acini
Replacement of air in the acini with fluid or
solid material.

51. Causes:
 Pneumonia
 Cardiogenic / non cardiogenic
pulmonary edema
 Aspiration
 Haemorrhage
 Neoplasms

52. Air Bronchogram
 Produced by the radiographic contrast
between the column of air in the airway and
the surrounding opaque acini.

53. Lobar Consolidation
 Homogenous opacity
 Air bronchogram
 Well defined borders.

54. RUL

55. RML

56. RLL

57. LUL & Lingula

58. LLL

61. Points to Remember
 Volume of lung is not reduced.
 Collapse and consolidation are often
associated with one another.
 When consolidation is due to fluid , its
distribution is dependent on gravity.