Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
Chronic lung disease, in which the airway gets obstructed, is known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). According to WHO, COPD kills more than 3 million people every year. Spirometry is used to diagnose COPD; has many limitations
Patient ventilator interactions during mechanical ventilationDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Patient Ventilator Interaction during Mechanical Ventilation lecture presented by Dr.Lluis Blanch at Pulmonary Critical Care Egypt Meeting and Exhibition, January 2014. www.pccmegypt.com
Development Of Online Sensor For CO2 Measurement In Exhaled Air & Signature A...idescitation
This method is used for the online measurement of
carbon dioxide in the exhaled air. The transit time for the
ultrasonic waves to travel from the transmitter to the receiver,
located at the two ends of the Kundt’s tube, is a function of the
density of the medium present in the tube. The variation in
the CO 2 concentration in various patients causes change in
the density of the medium, ultimately causing the change in
the transit time of ultrasonic waves in the tube. Thus, the
different transit times help in giving various concentrations
of carbon dioxide in exhaled air.
Chronic lung disease, in which the airway gets obstructed, is known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). According to WHO, COPD kills more than 3 million people every year. Spirometry is used to diagnose COPD; has many limitations
Patient ventilator interactions during mechanical ventilationDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Patient Ventilator Interaction during Mechanical Ventilation lecture presented by Dr.Lluis Blanch at Pulmonary Critical Care Egypt Meeting and Exhibition, January 2014. www.pccmegypt.com
Development Of Online Sensor For CO2 Measurement In Exhaled Air & Signature A...idescitation
This method is used for the online measurement of
carbon dioxide in the exhaled air. The transit time for the
ultrasonic waves to travel from the transmitter to the receiver,
located at the two ends of the Kundt’s tube, is a function of the
density of the medium present in the tube. The variation in
the CO 2 concentration in various patients causes change in
the density of the medium, ultimately causing the change in
the transit time of ultrasonic waves in the tube. Thus, the
different transit times help in giving various concentrations
of carbon dioxide in exhaled air.
Feedback Control for Delivery of Supplemental OxygenDouglas Dow
Presentation at the
Second AMA IEEE Medical Technology Conference
Boston, MA, October 2011
Feedback Control for Delivery of Supplemental Oxygen
Satu S. Trivedi, Yousef Debs, Duy K. Dao, Joseph F. Santacroce and Douglas E. Dow
Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Technology
Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
Wentworth Institute of Technology
Boston, MA, USA
Hypoxemia may result from insufficient ventilation due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic respiratory failure (CRF). Supplemental oxygen treatment improves survival, reduces hospitalizations and improves health-related quality of life. These clinical benefits depend on the duration of treatment, treatment compliance and appropriate flow of oxygen to correct hypoxemia. To prevent hypoxemia, the flow of oxygen needs to be adjusted so that the transcutaneus oxygen saturation (SaO2) level of the patient is at least 90%. Typically, a caregiver periodically measures SaO2 using a pulse oximeter, and then manually adjusts the flow rate of oxygen as necessary from a supply tank to either nasal cannulae or a face mask. Between manual adjustments, lower values of SaO2 may result from lower ventilation reflecting changes in body position or arousal (sleep), or result from increased demand for oxygen reflecting changes in physical activity or emotional state. Such periods of lower SaO2 levels may contribute to progressive declines in health. Improved maintenance of SaO2 above 90% by more frequent adjustments of oxygen flow rate would improve supplemental oxygen treatment and may improve survival and health-related quality of life. Such an envisioned treatment could be implemented with a closed-loop feedback control system that monitors SaO2 using a pulse oximeter probe and automatically adjusts oxygen flow rate to maintain SaO2 values above 90%. In this project we are designing, building and testing a prototype system for closed-loop feedback control for delivery of supplemental oxygen. Displays and alarms would provide information to the patient or caregivers, such as to replace the oxygen supply tank or allow the automatic control of the flow rate to be manually overridden, as a safety precaution. The microcontroller based design should result in a relatively low cost, making the system suitable for home-based care. The closed-loop feedback control of the system would dynamically adjust the delivery of supplemental oxygen to meet the dynamic needs of a patient. Thus, the treatment would be more individually matched to the needs of that patient, improving care and clinical outcomes. The microcontroller system could be extended to communicate data records to the patient, caregiver, and physician for analysis.
Monica Kraft, MD, prepared a useful Practice Aid pertaining to uncontrolled asthma for this CME activity titled "The Latest Evidence on Treatment for Uncontrolled Persistent Asthma: Breaking News From Dallas." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2XnuYrB. CME credit will be available until July 4, 2020.
Braun F. et al.: Comparing belt positions for monitoring the descending aorta...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 15th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Gananoque, Ontario, Canada, April 24-26, 2014
Classification of Normal and Crackles Respiratory Sounds into Healthy and Lun...IJECEIAES
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cancer in Malaysia. Due to its high prevalence worldwide and in Malaysia, it is an utmost importance to have the disease detected at an early stage which would result in a higher chance of cure and possibly better survival. The current methods used for lung cancer screening might not be simple, inexpensive and safe and not readily accessible in outpatient clinics. In this paper, we present the classification of normal and crackles sounds acquired from 20 healthy and 23 lung cancer patients, respectively using Artificial Neural Network. Firstly, the sounds signals were decomposed into seven different frequency bands using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based on two different mother wavelets namely Daubechies 7 (db7) and Haar. Secondly, mean, standard deviation and maximum PSD of the detail coefficients for five frequency bands (D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7) were calculated as features. Fifteen features were used as input to the ANN classifier. The results of classification show that db7 based performed better than Haar with perfect 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for testing and validation stages when using 15 nodes at the hidden layer. While for Haar, only testing stage shows the perfect 100% for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when using 10 nodes at the hidden layer.
Use of Capnograph in Breathlessness Patientsnhliza
This is a research topic carried out in the Emergency Department and the abstract was presented at the International Conference In Emergency Medicine in SanFrancisco April 2008
We present the case of a 49-year-old male who was referred from Emergency department with worsening
breathlessness, chest tightness for last 24 hours. He had a background history of Asthma and Hypertension. Initial ECG revealed symmetric T wave inversions in anterior leads and found to have raised
troponin levels. Patient was diagnosed and treated as NSTEMI. While waiting for his coronary angiogram
he underwent echocardiogram whose findings were consistent with right sided impairment. Differential
diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism has been made and CT Pulmonary Angiogram done that confirmed
diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism. Early advice from the Respiratory team was sought and patient was
treated with rivaroxaban. After a hospital stay, he made a remarkable recovery.
Feedback Control for Delivery of Supplemental OxygenDouglas Dow
Presentation at the
Second AMA IEEE Medical Technology Conference
Boston, MA, October 2011
Feedback Control for Delivery of Supplemental Oxygen
Satu S. Trivedi, Yousef Debs, Duy K. Dao, Joseph F. Santacroce and Douglas E. Dow
Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Technology
Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
Wentworth Institute of Technology
Boston, MA, USA
Hypoxemia may result from insufficient ventilation due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic respiratory failure (CRF). Supplemental oxygen treatment improves survival, reduces hospitalizations and improves health-related quality of life. These clinical benefits depend on the duration of treatment, treatment compliance and appropriate flow of oxygen to correct hypoxemia. To prevent hypoxemia, the flow of oxygen needs to be adjusted so that the transcutaneus oxygen saturation (SaO2) level of the patient is at least 90%. Typically, a caregiver periodically measures SaO2 using a pulse oximeter, and then manually adjusts the flow rate of oxygen as necessary from a supply tank to either nasal cannulae or a face mask. Between manual adjustments, lower values of SaO2 may result from lower ventilation reflecting changes in body position or arousal (sleep), or result from increased demand for oxygen reflecting changes in physical activity or emotional state. Such periods of lower SaO2 levels may contribute to progressive declines in health. Improved maintenance of SaO2 above 90% by more frequent adjustments of oxygen flow rate would improve supplemental oxygen treatment and may improve survival and health-related quality of life. Such an envisioned treatment could be implemented with a closed-loop feedback control system that monitors SaO2 using a pulse oximeter probe and automatically adjusts oxygen flow rate to maintain SaO2 values above 90%. In this project we are designing, building and testing a prototype system for closed-loop feedback control for delivery of supplemental oxygen. Displays and alarms would provide information to the patient or caregivers, such as to replace the oxygen supply tank or allow the automatic control of the flow rate to be manually overridden, as a safety precaution. The microcontroller based design should result in a relatively low cost, making the system suitable for home-based care. The closed-loop feedback control of the system would dynamically adjust the delivery of supplemental oxygen to meet the dynamic needs of a patient. Thus, the treatment would be more individually matched to the needs of that patient, improving care and clinical outcomes. The microcontroller system could be extended to communicate data records to the patient, caregiver, and physician for analysis.
Monica Kraft, MD, prepared a useful Practice Aid pertaining to uncontrolled asthma for this CME activity titled "The Latest Evidence on Treatment for Uncontrolled Persistent Asthma: Breaking News From Dallas." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2XnuYrB. CME credit will be available until July 4, 2020.
Braun F. et al.: Comparing belt positions for monitoring the descending aorta...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 15th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Gananoque, Ontario, Canada, April 24-26, 2014
Classification of Normal and Crackles Respiratory Sounds into Healthy and Lun...IJECEIAES
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cancer in Malaysia. Due to its high prevalence worldwide and in Malaysia, it is an utmost importance to have the disease detected at an early stage which would result in a higher chance of cure and possibly better survival. The current methods used for lung cancer screening might not be simple, inexpensive and safe and not readily accessible in outpatient clinics. In this paper, we present the classification of normal and crackles sounds acquired from 20 healthy and 23 lung cancer patients, respectively using Artificial Neural Network. Firstly, the sounds signals were decomposed into seven different frequency bands using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based on two different mother wavelets namely Daubechies 7 (db7) and Haar. Secondly, mean, standard deviation and maximum PSD of the detail coefficients for five frequency bands (D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7) were calculated as features. Fifteen features were used as input to the ANN classifier. The results of classification show that db7 based performed better than Haar with perfect 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for testing and validation stages when using 15 nodes at the hidden layer. While for Haar, only testing stage shows the perfect 100% for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when using 10 nodes at the hidden layer.
Use of Capnograph in Breathlessness Patientsnhliza
This is a research topic carried out in the Emergency Department and the abstract was presented at the International Conference In Emergency Medicine in SanFrancisco April 2008
We present the case of a 49-year-old male who was referred from Emergency department with worsening
breathlessness, chest tightness for last 24 hours. He had a background history of Asthma and Hypertension. Initial ECG revealed symmetric T wave inversions in anterior leads and found to have raised
troponin levels. Patient was diagnosed and treated as NSTEMI. While waiting for his coronary angiogram
he underwent echocardiogram whose findings were consistent with right sided impairment. Differential
diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism has been made and CT Pulmonary Angiogram done that confirmed
diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism. Early advice from the Respiratory team was sought and patient was
treated with rivaroxaban. After a hospital stay, he made a remarkable recovery.
ECochG is a variant of brainstem audio evoked response (ABR) where the recording electrode is placed as close as practical to the cochlea. We will use the abbreviation ECOG and ECochG interchangeably below. ECOG is preferable to us as it is shorter.
ECOG is intended to diagnose Meniere's disease, and particular, hydrops (swelling of the inner ear). ECOG may also be abnormal in perilymph fistula, and in superior canal dehiscence. The common feature connecting these illnesses is an imbalance in pressure between the endolymphatic and perilymphatic compartment of the inner ear.
ECOG can also be used to show that the cochlea is normal, in persons who are deaf. The cochlear microphonic of ECOG may be normal in auditory neuropathy (Santarelli and Arslan 2002) as well as other disorders in which the cochlea is preserved but the auditory nerve is damaged (Yokoyama, Nishida et al. 1999).
Finally, ECOG's have also been used to as a indicator of the temporary threshold shift that may follow noise injury (Nam et al, 2004).
Krammer P. et al.: Electrical impedance tomography Simulator.Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
PowerPoint presentation on the topic HRCT Chest. This presentation is divided into 5 different parts. 1)Introduction to HRCT chest 2)Technichal aspects of HRCT 3) Relevant anatomy for HRCT interpretation 4)Pattern of lung disease in HRCT 5)HRCT pattern in various ILD’s
Effect of Body Posture on Heart Rate Variability Analysis of ECG Signal.pdfIJEACS
An assessment of cardiac function derived from the
ECG signal is known as heart charge variability (HRV). The
evaluation of HRV provides ways for analyzing entry into the
heart rhythm non-invasively, which can be used to guide
treatment. For the prevailing study, records of ten members in
two one-of-a-kind frame postures have been taken. Sets of
records have been received in sleeping and sitting positions. In
addition, The R-peak produced from the ECG is employed in the
evaluation of the RR interval. It is also applied for the evaluation
of HRV. In the context of coronary heart rate (HR), HRV is
linked to tachycardia (HR > 100 bpm) and bradycardia (HR 60
bpm). Linear HRV characteristics with unique time-domain and
frequency-domain indices are interpreted into two distinct
postures. As a result, it is possible to conclude that the RR
interval increases for the supine position during all two poses, as
sitting appears to be a more comfortable situation than the
alternative one. Also, as the frequency-area evaluation result
proposes, the LF/HF ratio is better in the supine position, i.e.,
better sympathetic has an effect. Consequently, supine has a
higher resting circumstance than that sitting. A non-linear
Poincare plot has also been incorporated for accessing variability.
Similar to Roka P.L. et al.: Breath-by-breath regional expiratory time constants by electrical impedance tomography – a feasibility study. (20)
Proença M. et al.: Influence of heart motion on EIT-based stroke volume estim...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 15th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Gananoque, Ontario, Canada, April 24-26, 2014
Roka P.L. et al.: Software tool for analysing ventilation EIT data.Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
McCall K.E. et al.: Using EIT to determine the role of gestational age on lun...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
Grychtol B. et al.: 3D EIT image reconstruction with GREIT.Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 16th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
White Paper on novel EIT interfaces, English version (PDF, 1.2 MB) Hauke Sann
Swisstom White Paper; Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
White Paper on Swisstom BB2 Silent Spaces, English version (PDF, 1.7 MB)Hauke Sann
Swisstom White Paper; Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Short instruction Swisstom BB2, EIT, Portuguese version (PDF, 651 KB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
This small sized instruction card explains step-by-step how to optimally apply the EIT SensorBelt to a lying passive patient.
Short instruction Swisstom BB2, EIT, French version (PDF, 649 KB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
This small sized instruction card explains step-by-step how to optimally apply the EIT SensorBelt to a lying passive patient.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Japanese version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, French version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Chinese version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Italian version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Finnish version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Danish version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Portuguese version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Product brochure Swisstom BB2, Spanish version (PDF, 1.8 MB)Hauke Sann
Award-winning insights into lung function – via EIT lung monitor Swisstom BB2. Cutting-edge textiles and electronics: Swisstom BB2 was especially developed to continuously monitor lung function of ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. With Its integrated 32 active electrodes the SensorBelt measures the respiration in different lung regions, constantly converting the generated data into continuous images.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Roka P.L. et al.: Breath-by-breath regional expiratory time constants by electrical impedance tomography – a feasibility study.
1. Breath-by-breath regional expiratory time constants
by electrical impedance tomography – a feasibility
study
Róka PL, Waldmann AD, Müller B, Ender F, Bohm SH,
Windisch W, Strassmann S, Karagiannidis C; 16th International
Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance
Tomography, Neuchâtel Switzerland, June 2-5, 2015
2. 50 SESSION 6. LUNGS I
Breath-by-breath regional expiratory time constants by electrical
impedance tomography – a feasibility study
Péter L. Róka1,2
, Andreas D. Waldmann1
, Beat Müller1
, Ferenc Ender2
, Stephan H. Bohm1
,
Wolfram Windisch3
, Stephan Strassmann3
and Christian Karagiannidis3
1
Swisstom AG, Landquart, Switzerland,2
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary,
pro@swisstom.com,3
Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Kliniken der Stadt Köln, Cologne, Germany
Abstract: In this feasibility study we used EIT to analyse
three different lung conditions to determine regional
expiratory time constants (τ). The initial results show that
EIT can be used to determine regional τ on a breath-by-
breath basis and distinguish different lung pathologies.
1 Introduction
During relaxed breathing expiration can be compared to a
RC-circuit with R being the airway resistance, C the
respiratory system compliance and τ=RC the time
constant. τ reveals information about respiratory
mechanics and the time required for the lungs to empty.
Traditional pulmonary function tests provide global
information only. EIT is a non-invasive real-time
(~50 images/sec) imaging technology which determines
changes of lung volumes on a regional basis assuming that
local impedance changes I(t) are proportional to local
changes in lung volume V(t). Pikkemaat et al. [1]
calculated regional τ during a forced expiration manoeuvre
needing patient cooperation. We improved this method
such that it is now applicable also during passive
expiration and, more importantly, breath-by-breath.
2 Methods
Passive expiration is an exponential decay:
� � = � ∗ �−
�−�0
� + �, where A is the peak-to-peak
impedance value between start and end of expiration; t the
time, t0 the start of the expiration and K the impedance at
the end of the expiration. Since the onset of expiration is
mostly dominated by inertial effects it does not show an
exponential behaviour [2], Lourens et al. [3] advised to
start analysis only at 75% of the signal amplitude.
Skipping the first 25% of the global signal’s amplitude we
analysed the regional temporal behaviour of each pixel
until the end of global expiration of an EIT sequence by
fitting an exponential curve in a nonlinear least square
manner using MATLAB (The MathWorks, USA). EIT
data were measured with Swisstom BB2
(Swisstom AG,
Switzerland) and the τ (s) of 10 consecutive breaths of one
healthy person, a patient with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) and one with acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) were determined. Only τ
values within the range of 0.05 and 5 s stemming from
curve fits with an R2
higher than 0.6 were considered
thereby excluding poorly ventilated areas and those in
which curve fitting was poor. Overall results for each
individual are expressed as (mean ± SD) whereas each
breath is represented by a box-plot.
3 Results and Conclusions
In these three cases τ was 0.86 ± 0.13 s in healthy,
0.68 ± 0.18 s in ARDS and 1.39 ± 0.24 s in COPD.
Moreover, breath-by-breath correlations were highly
consistent. These preliminary results show that regional
time constants can be assessed by EIT. In ventilated areas
their values and distribution were within the expected
range and rather homogenous. ARDS lungs were “faster”
whereas COPD-lungs were “slower” than normal ones
reflecting the lower respiratory system compliance of
injured lungs and the higher resistance of COPD. We
showed that EIT can be used to determine regional time
constants on a breath-by-breath basis from passive
exhalation and distinguish different lung pathologies.
References
[1] R. Pikkemaat, Appl. Cardiopul. P. 16: 212-225, 2012.
[2] J. Guttmann, Eur. Respir. J. vol. 8, no. 1, 114–120, 1995.
[3] M. Lourens, Intens. Care Med. vol. 26, no. 11, 1612–1618, 2000.
Table 1: Ventilation and τ distribution in three different cases.
Healthy person Patient with ARDS Patient with COPD
Tidalimage
andregionalτ
mapofone
representative
breath
Boxplotsofτof10
consecutivebreaths