vulva formation in c.elegans.pptx
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1. The document discusses several topics related to cell signaling including juxtacrine signaling, Notch proteins, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). 2. It defines juxtacrine signaling as cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix signaling that requires close contact between cells, as opposed to long-range signaling. 3. Notch proteins are type-1 transmembrane proteins that mediate interactions between adjacent cells through their extracellular domains and act as transcriptional activators through their intracellular domains.
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4183 abcdefghijklmnofqrstuvwxyz12345.ppt
Cells within multicellular organisms communicate via secreted molecules or direct contact. These signals integrate and coordinate cell functions. Cells signal locally through diffusible molecules or contact between nearby cells. They also signal over long distances using hormones transported in body fluids. Signaling involves reception of the signal, transduction through intracellular pathways, and cellular responses. Key pathways include receptor tyrosine kinases, MAPK pathways, JAK/STAT, and PI3K/Akt pathways. Signaling controls processes like cell growth, differentiation, and responses to stimuli.
NOTCH signaling |Lateral inhibition
Notch signaling is a highly conserved and essential cellular communication pathway that plays a crucial role in various developmental processes and tissue homeostasis. Here's a brief description suitable for a SlideShare presentation:
**Slide 1: Title**
*Notch Signaling: Unlocking Cellular Communication*
**Slide 2: Introduction**
- Notch signaling is a fundamental pathway regulating cell-to-cell communication.
- It influences diverse processes from embryogenesis to adult tissue maintenance.
**Slide 3: Key Components**
- Notch receptors: Proteins on cell membranes.
- Ligands: Proteins binding to receptors.
- Intracellular domain: The active signaling component.
**Slide 4: How It Works**
- Notch receptors interact with ligands on neighboring cells.
- This interaction triggers cleavage and release of the Notch intracellular domain.
- Intracellular domain translocates to the nucleus.
**Slide 5: Role in Development**
- Controls cell fate decisions during embryonic development.
- Ensures proper tissue differentiation and patterning.
**Slide 6: Adult Tissue Homeostasis**
- Maintains tissues by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation.
- Essential for processes like stem cell maintenance.
**Slide 7: Notch in Diseases**
- Dysregulation linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and developmental disorders.
- Potential therapeutic target.
**Slide 8: Notch Signaling in Research**
- Continuously studied for its diverse roles.
- Target for drug development and regenerative medicine.
**Slide 9: Conclusion**
- Notch signaling is a pivotal pathway in cellular communication.
- Understanding its intricacies can lead to novel treatments and insights into development.
**Slide 10: Questions**
- Open the floor for questions and discussion.
This concise presentation provides a basic overview of Notch signaling, its components, functions, and relevance in both development and disease. You can expand on each slide with more detailed information as needed.
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The document discusses the hepatitis B virus x protein (HBx). It states that HBx is encoded by the smallest open reading frame of the hepatitis B virus genome. Little is known about HBx's structure since it has resisted crystallization and NMR studies. The document also notes that HBx lacks homology to other known proteins. It then briefly summarizes three articles that highlight some of HBx's key carcinogenic effects, such as downregulating microRNA-145 expression and interacting with cellular proteins like Cullin-5.
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The Wnt cascade has emerged as a critical regulator of stem cells. In many tissues, activation of Wnt signaling has also been found to be associated with cancer. Understanding the regulation by Wnt signaling may serve as a paradigm for understanding the dual nature of self-renewal signals.
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The Notch signaling pathway relies on regulated proteolysis and involves lateral inhibition. Upon binding of the Delta ligand to the Notch receptor on a signaling cell, the Notch receptor undergoes a series of cleavages that releases its intracellular domain. This domain then translocates to the nucleus and influences gene expression. Precise proteolytic cleavage of the Notch receptor is required for the pathway to function properly in numerous developmental processes. Aberrations in the Notch pathway can lead to various disorders and cancers.
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RET is an abbreviation for "rearranged during transfection", as the DNA sequence of this gene was originally found to be rearranged within a 3T3 fibroblast cell line following its transfection with DNA taken from human lymphoma cells. The human gene RET is localized to chromosome 10 (10q11.2) and contains 21 exons.
The natural alternative splicing of the RET gene results in the production of 3 different isoforms of the protein RET. RET51, RET43 and RET9 contain 51, 43 and 9 amino acids in their C-terminal tail respectively. The biological roles of isoforms RET51 and RET9 are the most well studied in-vivo as these are the most common isoforms in which RET occurs.
Common to each isoform is a domain structure. Each protein is divided into three domains: an N-terminal extracellular domain with four cadherin-like repeats and a cysteine-rich region, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, which is split by an insertion of 27 amino acids. Within the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, there are 16 tyrosines (Tyrs) in RET9 and 18 in RET51. Tyr1090 and Tyr1096 are present only in the RET51 isoform.
The extracellular domain of RET contains nine N-glycosylation sites. The fully glycosylated RET protein is reported to have a molecular weight of 170 kDa although it is not clear to which isoform this molecular weight relates.
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Both the Ras-MAPK pathway and the JAK-STAT pathway are critical for normal cellular function, and dysregulation of these pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders.
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4183 abcdefghijklmnofqrstuvwxyz12345.ppt
Cells within multicellular organisms communicate via secreted molecules or direct contact. These signals integrate and coordinate cell functions. Cells signal locally through diffusible molecules or contact between nearby cells. They also signal over long distances using hormones transported in body fluids. Signaling involves reception of the signal, transduction through intracellular pathways, and cellular responses. Key pathways include receptor tyrosine kinases, MAPK pathways, JAK/STAT, and PI3K/Akt pathways. Signaling controls processes like cell growth, differentiation, and responses to stimuli.
NOTCH signaling |Lateral inhibition
Notch signaling is a highly conserved and essential cellular communication pathway that plays a crucial role in various developmental processes and tissue homeostasis. Here's a brief description suitable for a SlideShare presentation:
**Slide 1: Title**
*Notch Signaling: Unlocking Cellular Communication*
**Slide 2: Introduction**
- Notch signaling is a fundamental pathway regulating cell-to-cell communication.
- It influences diverse processes from embryogenesis to adult tissue maintenance.
**Slide 3: Key Components**
- Notch receptors: Proteins on cell membranes.
- Ligands: Proteins binding to receptors.
- Intracellular domain: The active signaling component.
**Slide 4: How It Works**
- Notch receptors interact with ligands on neighboring cells.
- This interaction triggers cleavage and release of the Notch intracellular domain.
- Intracellular domain translocates to the nucleus.
**Slide 5: Role in Development**
- Controls cell fate decisions during embryonic development.
- Ensures proper tissue differentiation and patterning.
**Slide 6: Adult Tissue Homeostasis**
- Maintains tissues by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation.
- Essential for processes like stem cell maintenance.
**Slide 7: Notch in Diseases**
- Dysregulation linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and developmental disorders.
- Potential therapeutic target.
**Slide 8: Notch Signaling in Research**
- Continuously studied for its diverse roles.
- Target for drug development and regenerative medicine.
**Slide 9: Conclusion**
- Notch signaling is a pivotal pathway in cellular communication.
- Understanding its intricacies can lead to novel treatments and insights into development.
**Slide 10: Questions**
- Open the floor for questions and discussion.
This concise presentation provides a basic overview of Notch signaling, its components, functions, and relevance in both development and disease. You can expand on each slide with more detailed information as needed.
Statement Of Purpose For Organic Chemistry
The document discusses the hepatitis B virus x protein (HBx). It states that HBx is encoded by the smallest open reading frame of the hepatitis B virus genome. Little is known about HBx's structure since it has resisted crystallization and NMR studies. The document also notes that HBx lacks homology to other known proteins. It then briefly summarizes three articles that highlight some of HBx's key carcinogenic effects, such as downregulating microRNA-145 expression and interacting with cellular proteins like Cullin-5.
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The Wnt cascade has emerged as a critical regulator of stem cells. In many tissues, activation of Wnt signaling has also been found to be associated with cancer. Understanding the regulation by Wnt signaling may serve as a paradigm for understanding the dual nature of self-renewal signals.
Notch signaling pathway
The Notch signaling pathway relies on regulated proteolysis and involves lateral inhibition. Upon binding of the Delta ligand to the Notch receptor on a signaling cell, the Notch receptor undergoes a series of cleavages that releases its intracellular domain. This domain then translocates to the nucleus and influences gene expression. Precise proteolytic cleavage of the Notch receptor is required for the pathway to function properly in numerous developmental processes. Aberrations in the Notch pathway can lead to various disorders and cancers.
Ret protooncogene
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family of extracellular signalling molecules. RET loss of function mutations are associated with the development of Hirschsprung's disease, while gain of function mutations are associated with the development of various types of human cancer, including medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasias type 2A and 2B, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia.
RET is an abbreviation for "rearranged during transfection", as the DNA sequence of this gene was originally found to be rearranged within a 3T3 fibroblast cell line following its transfection with DNA taken from human lymphoma cells. The human gene RET is localized to chromosome 10 (10q11.2) and contains 21 exons.
The natural alternative splicing of the RET gene results in the production of 3 different isoforms of the protein RET. RET51, RET43 and RET9 contain 51, 43 and 9 amino acids in their C-terminal tail respectively. The biological roles of isoforms RET51 and RET9 are the most well studied in-vivo as these are the most common isoforms in which RET occurs.
Common to each isoform is a domain structure. Each protein is divided into three domains: an N-terminal extracellular domain with four cadherin-like repeats and a cysteine-rich region, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, which is split by an insertion of 27 amino acids. Within the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, there are 16 tyrosines (Tyrs) in RET9 and 18 in RET51. Tyr1090 and Tyr1096 are present only in the RET51 isoform.
The extracellular domain of RET contains nine N-glycosylation sites. The fully glycosylated RET protein is reported to have a molecular weight of 170 kDa although it is not clear to which isoform this molecular weight relates.
Genome organization ,gene expression sand regulation
The hereditary material of organisms is DNA, which contains genetic information in the form of a specific nucleotide sequence. This DNA is organized into chromosomes that make up an organism's genome. Gene expression involves transcription of DNA into RNA, which may undergo processing before being translated into proteins. The proteins then fold and are transported within the cell. Regulation of gene expression controls when and how much of gene products are made to allow cells to adapt. Gene expression can be measured to provide insight into cellular processes.
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Both the Ras-MAPK pathway and the JAK-STAT pathway are critical for normal cellular function, and dysregulation of these pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders.
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3. Receptor phosphotyrosine phosphatases regulate signaling pathways and are inhibited by dimerization.
4. G protein-coupled receptors signal through heterotrimeric G proteins upon agonist-induced conformational change.
5. The Notch receptor is cleaved upon ligand binding, releasing a transcriptional regulator.
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3. Receptor phosphotyrosine phosphatases regulate signaling pathways and are inhibited by dimerization.
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3. Notch proteins are type-1 transmembrane proteins that mediate interactions between adjacent cells through their extracellular domains and act as transcriptional activators through their intracellular domains.
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Regeneration is the process by which organisms regrow or replace lost tissues or organs. It occurs to varying degrees across the animal kingdom. Among invertebrates, regeneration is most developed in sponges, jellyfish, flatworms, and tunicates. Among vertebrates, regeneration is limited mainly to limbs, jaws, gills, and tails in some species, while in most vertebrates it is restricted to healing of damaged tissues. Regeneration occurs through various mechanisms including stem cell replacement, reparative regeneration of lost parts, and super regeneration of extra organs or parts in some species like planaria.
declaration of np.pdf
The document discusses the key provisions around the declaration and management of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in India according to the Wildlife Protection Act. Some key points:
- National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries are declared by state governments via notification without needing to pass new legislation. Boundaries can be altered with approval from relevant boards.
- National Parks prohibit human activities and grazing, while Wildlife Sanctuaries allow some limited human activities and may permit grazing.
- The declaration process for National Parks involves notifying the intended area, investigating rights and extinguishing claims over the land, and final declaration once these processes conclude and rights are vested with the state government.
cloning_dolly.pptx
Dolly the sheep was the first cloned mammal, born in 1996 in Scotland. She was cloned from the mammary gland cells of an adult Finn Dorset sheep using somatic cell nuclear transfer. The nucleus from the donor mammary cell was fused with an egg cell whose nucleus had been removed. Of 277 fused cells, 29 developed further after being implanted into surrogate mothers, resulting in the birth of Dolly. Dolly lived until 2003 and showed that cloning of an adult mammal is possible by nuclear reprogramming.
Cancercell
Cancer arises from uncontrolled cell growth caused by genetic mutations. Normal cells tightly regulate cell division, differentiation and death, but cancer cells have lost control over these processes. Oncogenes are mutated genes that promote tumor growth, while tumor suppressor genes normally inhibit cell division and their mutation allows for unchecked growth. Environmental factors such as tobacco, radiation, viruses and pollution can damage DNA and cause mutations that lead to cancer by activating oncogenes or deactivating tumor suppressor genes. This disrupts the normal cell cycle and causes cells to multiply uncontrollably.
Enzymes msc
This document provides an overview of enzymes, including their structure, function, classification, and kinetics. Some key points:
- Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. They are typically globular proteins that contain an active site for substrate binding.
- Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze, with the major classes being oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
- Enzyme kinetics examines how factors like temperature, pH, and substrate concentration influence the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for reactions, speeding them up.
Suicide inhibitors
This document discusses suicide inhibitors, which are a type of irreversible enzyme inhibitor. Suicide inhibitors initially bind to the active site of an enzyme like a normal substrate. However, the enzyme then converts the inhibitor into a highly reactive compound that forms a covalent bond with the enzyme, permanently inactivating it. This removal of the enzyme from functioning is measured as inhibition. Some examples of suicide inhibitors discussed are allopurinol, aspirin, and clavulanic acid. The document also explores the challenges of designing inhibitors that closely mimic an enzyme's transition state and provides several clinical examples of suicide inhibitors.
Michaelis Menten Reaction
The document discusses the Michaelis-Menten equation, which was devised in 1913 to explain the relationship between reaction velocity and substrate concentration in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. It is based on the assumption that the enzyme and substrate form a reversible enzyme-substrate complex in the initial step of the reaction. The Michaelis constant Km represents the substrate concentration at which the reaction velocity is half of its maximum value Vmax and can be used to measure the enzyme's affinity for the substrate. The Lineweaver-Burk plot is also described as a way to determine Km and Vmax values graphically from experimental data.
Sex Differentiation TDF
The document discusses human sexual development from fertilization through the three trimesters of pregnancy. It covers the formation of gonads and duct systems, factors that determine chromosomal and phenotypic sex, and the roles of genes and hormones in sexual differentiation. The timeline of organ formation and growth is provided for each trimester, noting that all major organ systems are developed by the end of the first trimester.
Physiology of smell
This document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human sense of smell. It discusses:
- The olfactory epithelium containing olfactory receptor cells that detect odors and transmit signals to the brain.
- Supporting cells and basal stem cells that provide structure and regenerate receptors.
- Odor molecules binding to receptors and activating G proteins and cAMP to trigger nerve impulses.
- The olfactory bulb and pathways that carry signals to parts of the limbic system and brain involved in emotion and conscious perception.
Mutation bsc
1. Mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene or chromosome. There are several types of mutations including point mutations, frameshift mutations, deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.
2. Point mutations involve a change to a single nucleotide base, such as a substitution, insertion or deletion. Frameshift mutations occur when multiple nucleotides are inserted or deleted, changing the reading frame.
3. Mutations can be caused by errors during DNA replication or by environmental mutagens like radiation or chemicals. They can occur in somatic cells or germ cells and be transmitted to offspring. Most mutations are harmful but some can provide benefits for adaptation or evolution.
Water absorption.minerals,vitamines
This document summarizes the absorption of vitamins, water, and electrolytes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It discusses:
- Vitamin absorption occurs predominantly in the small intestine. Water-soluble vitamins can be absorbed from dietary and microbial sources while fat-soluble vitamins incorporate into micelles for absorption.
- Water and electrolyte absorption maintains fluid balance as the GI tract absorbs around 9L daily to prevent diarrhea or constipation. Specific transporters absorb nutrients like sodium and bicarbonate in different regions of the intestine.
- Peristalsis and hunger contractions move contents through the esophagus and stomach for digestion and absorption. The deglutition reflex regulates swallowing and prevents food from entering
Polygenicinheritance.,atavism ,multiple allelism
This document discusses various concepts related to inheritance patterns, including:
1. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes contributing to a quantitative trait. Skin color in humans is an example that is influenced by two pairs of genes.
2. Multiple alleles occur when more than two alternative forms of a gene exist at a single locus. Blood groups are determined by multiple alleles acting co-dominantly.
3. Sex linkage refers to genes located on sex chromosomes that are inherited together. Examples of sex-linked traits in humans include color blindness and hemophilia.
Control of digestion,Different mechanisms for absorption.
This document summarizes the neural and hormonal control of digestion as well as the mechanisms of absorption of lipids, electrolytes, and other nutrients. The digestive system is regulated by both the intrinsic and extrinsic nervous systems as well as hormones like GLP, GIP, and VIP. Nutrients are absorbed via passive diffusion, active transport, and bulk transfer. Lipids require emulsification and are absorbed as triglycerides, monoglycerides, and fatty acids. Electrolytes like sodium and calcium use both passive and active mechanisms to enter the bloodstream.
Parasitism in relation to mankind
This document provides an overview of parasites and their relation to mankind. It discusses different types of parasites including protozoans like Entamoeba histolytica and Plasmodium spp. (which cause malaria), helminth parasites like Taenia solium (tapeworm), Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), and Wuchereria bancrofti (filarial worm), and ectoparasites like human lice and bed bugs. For each parasite, it describes the life cycle, symptoms, transmission route, and methods of prevention and control. It also briefly mentions important bacterial and viral diseases transmitted by vectors or contaminated food/water. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of personal hygiene,
More from RAHANAMOIDEENKOYAVK (19)
Control of digestion,Different mechanisms for absorption.
Control of digestion,Different mechanisms for absorption.
Recently uploaded
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsbordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
vulva formation in c.elegans.pptx
- 1. Vulval Development in Caenorhabditis elegans
- 10. More than 40 genes involved.Hox gene lin-39prevent the fusion of six cells
- 15. • One of the most common intracellular signaling pathways triggered by RTKs is known as the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, because it involves three serine- threonine kinases. The pathway starts with the activation of Ras, a small G protein anchored to the plasma membrane. • receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)
- 16. • In biology, juxtacrine signalling (or contact-dependent signalling) is a type of cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix signalling in multicellular organisms that requires close contact. Hence, this stands in contrast to releasing a signaling molecule by diffusion into extracellular space, the use of long-range conduits like membrane nanotubes and cytonemes (akin to 'bridges') or the use of extracellular vesicles like exosomes or microvesicles (akin to 'boats'). There are three types of juxtacrine signaling: 1.A membrane ligand (protein, oligosaccharide, lipid) and a membrane protein of two adjacent cells interact. 2.A communicating junction links the intracellular compartments of two adjacent cells, allowing transit of relatively small molecules. 3.An extracellular matrix glycoprotein and a membrane protein interact.
- 17. • Notch proteins are a family of type-1 transmembrane proteins that form a core component of the Notch signaling pathway, which is highly conserved in metazoans. The Notch extracellular domain (NECD) mediates interactions with DSL family ligands, allowing it to participate in juxtacrine signaling.The Notch intracellular domain (NICD) acts as a transcriptional activator when in complex with CSL family transcription factors. Members of this Type 1 transmembrane protein family share several core structures, including an extracellular domain consisting of multiple epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats and an intracellular domain transcriptional activation domain (TAD). Notch family members operate in a variety of different tissues and play a role in a variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions. Much of what is known about Notch function comes from studies done in Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) and Drosophila melanogaster. Human homologs have also been identified, but details of Notch function and interactions with its ligands are not well known in this context.
- 31. • A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis.[1]