The document summarizes changes in Virginia during the 20th century, including the transition from an agricultural to urban society. As old farming systems became ineffective and crop prices declined, many people moved from rural to urban areas, causing Virginia's cities to grow. Technological advances in transportation supported this urban growth. Virginia initially resisted the Supreme Court's 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that ended racial segregation in public schools through a policy of "Massive Resistance." However, this resistance ultimately failed and schools were integrated. The document also profiles several famous 20th century Virginians from this time period.

1. Virginia Studies 9
Review
20th
Century Virginia
Prepared by:
Sarah Duncan, Instructional Specialist
Portsmouth Public Schools

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From Agriculture to Urban
• What is urban?
– Having to do with the city

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From Agriculture to Urban
Decline of the
Agricultural Society:
•Old Systems of
farming were
no longer effective
•Crop prices were
low (no money
was being made)
Growth of Virginia’s Cities

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Growth of Virginia’s Cities
• People moved from rural to urban
areas for economic opportunities
• Technological developments in
transportation, roads, railroads, and
streetcars helped cities grow.

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Growth of Virginia’s Cities
• People have moved to Virginia from
many other states and nations

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Growth of Virginia’s Cities
• Northern Virginia has experienced
growth due to increases in the
number of federal jobs located in
the region.
N. Va.

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Growth of Virginia’s Cities
• Both Northern Virginia and the
Tidewater region have grown due to
computer technology

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Desegregation and Massive
Resistance in Virginia
• The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in
1954 that “separate but equal”
public schools were
unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education

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Desegregation and Massive
Resistance in Virginia
• All public schools, including those in
Virginia, were ordered to integrate

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• Virginia’s government established a
policy of “Massive Resistance” which
fought or resisted the integration of
public schools
Desegregation and Massive
Resistance in Virginia

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Desegregation and Massive
Resistance in Virginia
• Some schools closed to avoid
integration

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• The policy of Massive Resistance
failed, and Virginia’s public schools
were integrated
Desegregation and Massive
Resistance in Virginia

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• Harry F. Byrd, Sr. led a Massive
Resistance Movement against the
integration of public schools
Desegregation and Massive
Resistance in Virginia

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Famous 20th
Century
Virginians
• Maggie Lena Walker:
– First African
American bank
president in the US
– First woman to
become a bank
president
• 1867-1934

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Famous 20th
Century
Virginians
• Harry F. Byrd, Jr.
– Governor of Va.
– “Pay as you Go”
policy for road
improvements
– Modernized Va
state government
1914 -

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• Arthur Ashe, Jr.
– First African
American winner of
a major men’s
tennis singles
championship
– Author and
eloquent
spokesperson for
social change
1943-1993
Famous 20th Century
Virginians

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• L. Douglas Wilder
– Former Governor of
Virginia
– First African
American to be
elected a state
governor in the
United States
1931-
Famous 20th Century
Virginians

18. Woodrow Wilson
• Was a 20th
century
president (1913-
1921) who
wrote a plan for
world peace
following World
War I.
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19. George C. Marshall
• Was a military
leader who
created an
economic plan
to ensure world
peace following
World War II.
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20. Oliver W. Hill, Sr.
• Was a lawyer
and civil rights
leader who
worked for
equal rights of
African
Americans.
• He played a key
role in the
Brown v. BoE
decision.
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21. Linwood Holton, Jr.
• As governor of
Virginia, promoted
racial equality and
appointed more
African Americans
and women to
positions in state
government than
previous governors.
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1. During the 20th
century,
Virginia became a
A. An agricultural society
B. A rural society
C. An urban, industrialized society
D. A farming society

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2. Why did Virginia change
from an agricultural to an
industrial society?
A. Crop prices were high
B. Farming systems were effective
C. People wanted to be farmers
D. Old systems of farming were
ineffective

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3. What caused Virginia’s
cities to grow?
A. People moved from urban to rural
areas
B. Technological developments in
transportation and roads helped
cities grow
C. Farmers sold their products to the
cities
D. Farmers around the world sold
their products to Virginia

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4. Which association of region
and industry is not correct?
A. Northern Virginia grew because of
the increase in federal jobs
B. Northern Virginia's population
grew because of the computer
industry
C. Tidewater grew because of the
computer industry
D. Tidewater grew because of new
farming techniques

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5. What word has the
opposite meaning of
segregation?
A. “Jim Crow” laws
B. Discrimination
C. Integration
D. Massive Resistance

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6. Brown v. Board of
Education ruled that
____________________________
public schools were
unconstitutional.

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7. Harry F. Byrd led a
Massive Resistance
movement against
___________________________
of public schools in
Virginia.

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8. Who was the first
African American
governor in the United
States?

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9. Who was the first
African American to
become a bank president in
the United States?

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10. Which Virginia
governor was know for the
“Pay as you Go” policy?

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11. Arthur Ashe, Jr. was the
first African American
winner of what type of
championship?

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