Chapter 4 igneous rocks

Essentials of Geology 3 rd Edition Chapter 4 Norton Media Library

Up from the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks Prepared by: Ronald Parker , Senior Geologist Fronterra Geosciences Houston, Oklahoma City, Denver, Anchorage, Dallas, Midland, Aberdeen, Vienna, Buenos Aires, Neuquén www.fronterrageosciences.com

Igneous Rocks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Igneous Rocks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Igneous Rocks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sources of Heat ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Addition of Volatiles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is Magma Made of? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is Magma Made of? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Compositions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Compositions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Type Density Temperature Viscosity Felsic Very low Very low (600 to 850 ° C) Very High: Explosive eruptions. Intermediate Low Low High: Explosive eruptions. Mafic High High Low: thin, hot runny eruptions. Ultramafic Very high Very high (up to 1300 ° C) Very low.

Magma Variation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Variation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Partial Melting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Assimilation

Magma Mixing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Migration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Migration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magma Migration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cooling Rates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fractional Crystallization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The original melt is mafic. As early-formed minerals settle, the melt becomes more felsic.

Fractional Crystallization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bowen’s Reaction Series ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Igneous Environments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Extrusive Settings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intrusive Settings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intrusive Settings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intrusive Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tabular Intrusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tabular Intrusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plutonic Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plutonic Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intrusive and Extrusive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Influence on Landscape ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Igneous Textures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fragmental texture Interlocking or crystalline texture Glassy texture

Crystalline Igneous Textures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crystalline Textures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Igneous Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Type Aphanitic (fine) Phaneritic (coarse) Felsic Rhyolite Granite Intermediate Andesite Diorite Mafic Basalt Gabbro Ultramafic Very high Very high (up to 1300 ° C) A B A B C2 C1 C2 C1

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Crystalline Classification

Pegmatites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Glassy Textures

Glassy Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fragmental Textures ,[object Object],[object Object]

Fragmental Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Igneous Activity Distribution ,[object Object]

W. W. Norton & Company Independent and Employee-Owned ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter 4 igneous rocks

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