SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Voice Support on Aruba
Controllers and Remote Access
Points for Fixed Telecommuter
Deployments
Version 1.0
www.arubanetworks.com
1344 Crossman Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94089
Phone: 408.227.4500
Fax 408.227.4550
Aruba Networks, Inc. 2
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Copyright
© 2011 Aruba Networks, Inc. AirWave®, Aruba Networks®, Aruba Mobility Management System®, Bluescanner, For Wireless That
Works®, Mobile Edge Architecture®, People Move. Networks Must Follow®, RFprotect®, The All Wireless Workplace Is Now Open For
Business, Green Island, and The Mobile Edge Company® are trademarks of Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Aruba Networks
reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication and the product specifications without notice. While
Aruba uses commercially reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of the specifications contained in this document, Aruba will assume
no responsibility for any errors or omissions.
Open Source Code
Certain Aruba products include Open Source software code developed by third parties, including software code subject to the GNU
General Public License (“GPL”), GNU Lesser General Public License (“LGPL”), or other Open Source Licenses. The Open Source code
used can be found at this site:
http://www.arubanetworks.com/open_source
Legal Notice
ARUBA DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, WEATHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR
STATUTORY, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE,
NONINFRINGEMENT, ACCURACY AND QUET ENJOYMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF ARUBA
EXCEED THE AMOUNTS ACUTALLY PAID TO ARUBA UNDER ANY APPLICABLE WRITTEN AGREEMENT OR FOR ARUBA
PRODUCTS OR SERVICES PURSHASED DIRECTLY FROM ARUBA, WHICHEVER IS LESS.
Warning and Disclaimer
This guide is designed to provide information about wireless networking, which includes Aruba Network products. Though Aruba uses
commercially reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of the specifications contained in this document, this guide and the information in
it is provided on an “as is” basis. Aruba assumes no liability or responsibility for any errors or omissions.
ARUBA DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR
STATUTORY, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE,
NONINFRINGEMENT, ACCURACY, AND QUIET ENJOYMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF ARUBA
EXCEED THE AMOUNTS ACTUALLY PAID TO ARUBA UNDER ANY APPLICABLE WRITTEN AGREEMENT OR FOR ARUBA
PRODUCTS OR SERVICES PURCHASED DIRECTLY FROM ARUBA, WHICHEVER IS LESS.
Aruba Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication and the product specifications without
notice.
Aruba Networks, Inc. Table of Contents | 3
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 5
Reference Material 6
Chapter 2: Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites 7
Remote Access Point Forwarding Modes 7
Tunnel Forwarding Mode 7
Decrypt Tunnel Forwarding Mode 7
Split-Tunnel Forwarding Mode 8
Bridge Forwarding Mode 8
Voice Support in Different Forwarding Modes 8
Aruba Voice Manager 9
Codecs 9
Aruba ALG-Lite 10
Call Admission Control for Voice 10
RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation 11
WMM 12
Per-User Bandwidth Contracts 14
Airtime Fairness 14
Summary 15
Appendix A: VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations 17
Bandwidth Calculation Formulas 17
Sample Bandwidth Calculation for G.711 and for G.729 17
Appendix B: Contacting Aruba Networks 19
Contacting Aruba Networks 19
Aruba Networks, Inc. Table of Contents | 4
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Aruba Networks, Inc. Introduction | 5
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Chapter 1: Introduction
This guide provides a brief description of the various bandwidth reservation and quality of service
(QoS) options for supporting voice traffic in an Aruba remote access point (RAP) telecommuter
deployment scenario. The Aruba remote access point (RAP) solution is a key component of the Aruba
virtual branch network (VBN) architecture. The Aruba RAP deployment model meets the needs of
fixed telecommuter and small branch office deployments while maintaining simplicity and ease of
deployment. Aruba RAPs extend the corporate LAN to any remote location by enabling seamless
wired or wireless data and voice wherever a user finds an Internet-enabled Ethernet port or 3G cellular
connection. RAPs are ideally suited for small remote offices, home offices, telecommuters, mobile
executives, and for business continuity applications.
Organizations with many fixed telecommuters typically have a requirement to extend a fully functional
secure wired or wireless footprint (or both) into the employee home. One of the main requirements is
to deliver full voice services to off-premises wired phones. Aruba RAPs provide secure access for
VoIP phones (wired and wireless) to securely connect to the corporate voice server with dynamic,
integrated QoS and voice prioritization features.
Aruba RAPs can be deployed in different forwarding modes (tunnel, split-tunnel, and decrypt-tunnel) to
support voice. These forwarding modes in combination with user-defined policies significantly impact
the call quality and call characteristics for a given data flow. This guide provides a general
recommendation with an overview of the options that are available for voice deployments with different
the forwarding modes. These recommendations should always be used in combination with the
Validated Reference Design Guides.
Aruba Networks, Inc. Introduction | 6
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Table 1 lists the current software versions for this guide.
Reference Material
 This guide assumes a working knowledge of Aruba products. A more in-depth discussion for this
topic can be found in the Aruba Virtual Branch Networks VRD and the Base Designs Lab Setup
for Validated Reference Design. These guides are available for free at
http://www.arubanetworks.com/vrd.
 The complete suite of Aruba technical documentation is available for download from the Aruba
support site. These documents present complete, detailed feature and functionality explanations
outside the scope of the VRD series. The Aruba support site is located at:
https://support.arubanetworks.com/. This site requires a user login and is for current Aruba
customers with support contracts.
Table 1 Aruba Software Versions
Product Version
ArubaOS™ (mobility controllers) 6.1
ArubaOS (mobility access switch) 7.0
Aruba Instant™ 1.1
MeshOS 4.2
AirWave® 7.3
AmigopodOS 3.3
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 7
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Chapter 2: Best Practices for Voice Deployment at
Remote Sites
Aruba remote access points (RAPs) can be deployed with tunnel, decrypt tunnel (decrypt-tunnel), split-
tunnel, or bridge mode SSIDs. Refer to the Aruba Virtual Branch Networks Validated Reference
Design for a more detailed discussion of these forwarding modes.
This section provides a high level description of the different forwarding modes and helps to clarify why
a specific forwarding mode is recommended for voice deployments with RAP.
Tunnel or split-Tunnel are the recommended modes for deploying RAPs where voice is a requirement.
The description for bridge forwarding mode is provided below for sake of completeness.
Remote Access Point Forwarding Modes
Tunnel Forwarding Mode
In tunnel forwarding mode, all the 802.11 wireless traffic is Layer 2 encrypted from the client to the
RAP. Then that traffic is forwarded through the IPsec tunnel to the controller. (No Layer 3 IPsec
encryption is needed for these packets because they are already Layer 2 encrypted). Traffic from the
wired ports is Layer 3 encrypted because it is forwarded into the IPsec tunnel in tunnel forwarding
mode.
Figure 1 RAP in tunnel mode
Decrypt Tunnel Forwarding Mode
A decrypt tunnel mode SSID is similar to tunnel mode SSID where all the traffic is forwarded through a
GRE tunnel to the controller. In decrypt tunnel mode, the wireless traffic is decrypted at the RAP, and
then both wired and wireless traffic is forwarded to the controller with no encryption. The IPsec tunnel
is configured such that the packets are AH encapsulated but are ‘null’ encrypted. This should only be
considered when the RAP will connect over an existing VPN that provides QoS based queuing. In
general, you should use either tunnel or split tunnel.
Figure 2 RAP in decrypt-tunnel mode
arun_0472
Internet or
private WAN Servers/datacenter
arun_0471
Private WAN
or existing VPN Servers/datacenter
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 8
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Decrypt tunnel mode is used when a VPN solution is already in place and if QoS is configured on the
WAN facing router.
Split-Tunnel Forwarding Mode
In split-tunnel forwarding mode, the wireless traffic from the client to the AP is Layer 2 encrypted and
decrypted on the RAP. Depending on the destination of the traffic (data center versus Internet) the
traffic is then either Layer 3 re-encrypted and injected into the IPsec tunnel to forward to the controller
or it is bridged locally. Traffic from wired phones is also Layer 3 encrypted on the RAP and injected into
the IPsec tunnel. The Layer 3 encryption is done in hardware on the AP. Any other traffic is forwarded
to the Internet or is locally switched according to the configured policies.
Figure 3 RAP in split-tunnel mode
Bridge Forwarding Mode
In bridge mode SSID, all the user traffic is locally bridged and only the control traffic is IPsec encrypted
and forwarded inside the tunnel to the controller.
Figure 4 RAP in bridge mode
Voice Support in Different Forwarding Modes
The recommended deployment options for voice are split-tunnel, decrypt-tunnel, or tunnel mode.
Bridge mode SSID is not a supported option because VoIP application-layer gateways (ALGs) are not
supported in bridge mode. Additionally, in bridge mode, the user traffic is not tunneled back to the
corporate headquarters or data center, so this topology will not work if the PBX is centralized.
A single SSID is generally recommended for both voice and data. However, a separate voice SSID in
tunnel or decrypt-tunnel mode can also be created if mandated by the customer’s security
requirements.
N O T E
Decrypt tunnel mode SSID should be used only when a VPN solution is already
in place, otherwise all the traffic will be forwarded in the clear.
arun_0473
Internet or
private WAN Servers/datacenter
arun_0474
Internet or
private WAN Servers/datacenter
Encrypted
control
channel
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 9
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
The call voice quality is affected by loss, latency, and jitter. Loss causes dropped conversations and
clipping. Latency causes delays in packet delivery and jitter is a variation of packet delay and occurs
when voice packets are sent and received with timing variations. The section below describes Aruba’s
ALGs and the different settings that can be used to maintain the voice call quality in a RAP
deployment.
Aruba Voice Manager
Aruba controllers have a built-in voice manager module that manages the voice ALG functions and the
ALG functions. These ALGs are stateful (bi-directional). All ALGs operate in the control path and
provide for deep packet inspection capability. For example, the voice ALG detects Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) packets and opens up the necessary ports (such as 5060) for voice traffic. The deep
packet inspection and the dynamic port selections are a secure way of allowing only traffic that is
intended to pass through.
ArubaOS on the Aruba controller supports ALGs for SIP, H323, Skinny Call Control Protocol (SCCP)
or Skinny, Alcatel New Office Environment (NOE), Vocera, and Polycom SpectraLink Voice Protocol
(SVP). The Aruba controller requires slightly different configurations for SIP and SVP (Polycom
phones).
In addition to deep packet inspection, the voice manager on the controller also performs these tasks:
 Performs voice prioritization without any ACLs. (No manual creation of ACLs is performed and
manual setting TOS values in the ACLs is not required).
 Automatically collects call statistics such as MOS, delay, latency, and CDR records for the voice
calls.
Codecs
Codecs are used to convert an analog voice signal to a digitally encoded version and can also affect
the quality of the voice call. Codecs vary in things like the sound quality, the bandwidth required, and
the computational requirements. Each service, program, phone, or gateway typically supports several
different codecs, and when they talk to each other, they negotiate which codec they will use.
 Using G.711 for VoIP provides the best voice quality and has the lowest latency. The downside
is that G.711 takes more bandwidth then other codecs - approximately 87.2 Kb/s. However, with
increasing broadband bandwidth, this may not be a major issue. G.711 is supported by most
VoIP providers.
 G729 offers toll-quality speech at a reasonably low bit rate of 8 Kb/s and utilizes a bandwidth of
31.2 Kb/s. However, it is a more complex codec in terms of CPU processing time.
N O T E
Bandwidth calculations for these codecs are described in Appendix A: VoIP
Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations on page 17.
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 10
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Aruba ALG-Lite
ALG-Lite is a module on the RAP that sends session add, session delete, and client identity messages
from the RAP to the controller. ALG-Lite is a mechanism by which the signaling frames are forwarded
to the main ALG module implemented on the controller. ALG-Lite is supported in split-tunnel mode but
not in tunnel mode, and it does not need any configuration. All message processing happens in the
main ALG on the controller.
ALG-Lite on the RAP does not do deep inspection of signaling messages because in most
deployments the PBX sits in corporate network. Instead, this inspection happens on controller. For
remote devices, signaling traffic reaches the controller and controller forwards this traffic to the control
plane for deep inspection. The voice manager on the controller keeps track of local and remote
devices.
Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP) defines a standard packet format for delivering audio and video
over the Internet. RTP is defined in RFC 1889. Real Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) is
defined in RFC 3550. RTP delivers the actual data and RTCP sends control packets to participants in
a call to provide feedback on the quality of service being provided by RTP. For local devices, ALG-Lite
opens ports for RTP/RTCP traffic in the controller data path. For remote devices, ALG-Lite opens ports
in the controller data path and the AP data path. ALG-Lite is used to send these messages from the
controller to the RAP.
Call Admission Control for Voice
Call Admission Control (CAC) can be configured on the controller. In general, CAC ensures good call
quality for existing calls by not accepting any new calls if the system is overloaded. CAC is also useful
in load balancing the calls between RAPs in a multi-RAP deployment. The controller has an overall
view of all the voice sessions on the RAPs that are connected to it. If a RAP is overloaded with
devices, it will not respond to the probes of the new device and the device moves to another RAP. The
bandwidth calculator wizard on the controller helps the administrator to calculate the bandwidth
requirements for different voice codecs and help in configuring CAC. CAC can be configured on the
controller with the VoIP Call Admission Control profile and attached to an AP group. (Advanced
Services > All Profile Management > QoS Profile > VoIP Call Admission Control profile)
Figure 5 Configuring VoIP CAC
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 11
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation
RAP uplink bandwidth reservation (UBR) configured in the AP system profile, allows an administrator
to reserve a part of total uplink bandwidth on a RAP for a specific application, protocol, or port number.
The UBR configured in the AP system profile of an AP group will apply to all RAPs that belong to this
AP group. RAP uplink bandwidth reservation is supported in the split-tunnel mode and bridge mode
SSIDs for wired and wireless traffic.
Bandwidth allocation requires the access control list (ACL) mechanism where session ACLs are used
to identify the traffic. With the configuration of an ACL that prioritizes a voice subnet, the bandwidth
allocation can reserve a portion on the uplink (to WAN) bandwidth for the traffic from the voice subnet.
Before configuring any class of traffic for reservation to limit the traffic leaving RAP uplink, the
administrator must know the available Internet uplink bandwidth. The uplink bandwidth reservation
module is independent of the ALG.
Figure 6 Configuring RAP uplink bandwidth reservation
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 12
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
WMM
Wi-Fi Multimedia™ (WMM®), also known as Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME), is a Wi-Fi
Alliance® interoperability certification based on the IEEE 802.11e standard. WMM provides basic QoS
features to IEEE 802.11 networks. WMM prioritizes traffic according to four access categories: voice,
video, best effort, and background. However, WMM does not provide guaranteed throughput. WMM is
suitable for simple applications that require QoS such as VoIP on Wi-Fi phones (VoWLAN).
Type of service (ToS) and Diff-Serve Code Points (DSCP) are fields that the IP layer uses for QoS.
These fields are used to mark types of traffic, for example, DSCP 46 for RTP (VoIP) or DSCP 26 for
SIP (VoIP signaling). Marked packets are put into queues to apply QoS and prioritization over other
kind of traffic, like email or web traffic.
Figure 7 IP packet – TOS and DSCP bits
arun_0498
Differentiated Services Code Point
Data
Destination IP Address
Source IP Address
Header ChecksumProtocol
Total LengthType of Service
8 bits
IHLengthVersion
Time to Live
Identification Flags Fragment Offset
Unused
6 bits 2 bits
MBZCostReliabilityThroughputDelayPrecedence
Options Padding
1 bit1 bit1 bit1 bit1 bit
DSCP bits
Precedence
and TOS bits
3 bits
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 13
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
The 802.1p protocol is a subset of 802.1Q and operates at Layer 2. The .1p tag is used by .1Q
(VLANs) to prioritize traffic according to the kind of VLANs. For example, if VLAN 100 is used for VoIP
telephones, the 802.1p tag can be set to category number 4 (voice), so that intermediate devices
(routers, switches, controllers) use the 802.1p field to select which VLAN traffic should be prioritized.
Most VoIP phones automatically tag their traffic, for example, 802.1p=5 for voice at Layer 2 and
DSCP=46 for RTP VoIP at Layer 3.
Figure 8 Ethernet data frame and 802.1p tagging
The Aruba WMM implementation is according to the standards, where 802.1p markings are converted
to DSCP markings upstream and downstream on the RAP. 802.1p markings are also placed in the
802.1Q VLAN tag. It is important to ensure that all tags, .1p, DSCP, and WMM access categories,
match in the upstream and downstream directions, and also across wired and wireless networks.
Figure 9 End-to-End QoS Support
arun_0499
4 bytes (32 bits)
FCSDataType/Length
Ethernet Header Ethernet Payload
802.1Q TagDA
Tag
Protocol
Identifier
Priority
(802.1p)
Canonical
Format
Indicator
VLAN ID
2 bytes 3 bits
Tag Control Information (2 bytes)
1 bit 12 bits
SA
arun_0543LAN CoreLAN EdgeWireless
Bandwidth Management
Queuing
Bandwidth Management
Call Admission Control
QoS Aware RF Management
Downstream traffic
Upstream traffic
Tagged DSCP
Tagged DSCP Tagged DSCP, 802.1p
Tagged DSCP, 802.1p
WMM / Strict Queuing
WMM / SVP
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 14
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Per-User Bandwidth Contracts
Bandwidth management is another QoS mechanism that helps ensure adequate bandwidth for user
traffic. The per-user bandwidth contract ensures that no single user can access more than the
bandwidth defined by the contract.
Per-user bandwidth contracts can be configured on a per-user basis or on a per-role basis. When
configured on a per-role basis, the total configured bandwidth is shared among all devices that inherit
that role. A bandwidth contract that is configured per-role is shared among all devices in that role.
When configured on a per-user basis, the configured bandwidth is available for each user in that role.
For example, a 2 Mb/s bandwidth contract per-user means that 2 Mb/s is available for each user in that
role. The bandwidth contracts are effective only for traffic from RAP to controller or controller to RAP.
In addition to these configurations, any voice deployment also depends on the location of the PBX or
SIP server. In split-tunnel mode, when the “Remote-AP Local Network Access” parameter is checked
in the AP system profile, calls between voice devices on the same RAP are switched locally. The call
statistics for these calls continue to be sent to the controller over the control channel (secure tunnel).
Airtime Fairness
Airtime fairness for traffic from the RAP to the client (downstream direction) does not apply to voice
traffic because voice traffic has the highest priority. The voice session bypasses the airtime fairness
algorithm completely because voice frames have strict priority into the hardware queue.
Airtime fairness has the added benefit in most cases that the channel is less busy when fair access is
enabled, which should facilitate smoother or better quality voice deployments. Airtime Fairness works
for tunnel mode SSID and the general recommendation is to enable fair access for such deployments.
Airtime fairness is configured in the QOS profile. (Advanced Services > All Profile Management > QoS
Profile > Traffic management Profile > Station Shaping Policy)
Figure 10 Configuring Airtime Fairness
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 15
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Summary
Other parameters are not under the control of the wireless network, such as the WAN latency. The
scale and performance of the routing and switching of the core network are also not under the control
of the wireless network. Table 2 summarizes the points that have been discussed in the earlier
sections.
Table 2 RAP Forwarding Modes and Voice QoS Support
Feature RAP Forwarding Modes
Tunnel Mode Split-Tunnel Mode Decrypt-Tunnel Mode
Call Admission Control Yes Yes Yes
WMM Yes Yes Yes
Per User Bandwidth Contracts Yes Yes Yes
RAP Uplink Bandwidth
Reservation
No Yes No
Voice ALGs on Controller Yes Yes Yes
ALG-Lite on RAP No Yes No
Voice call statistics
(MOS, latency)
Yes Yes Yes
Airtime Fairness Yes No Yes
Mobility (Layer 2 Roaming) Yes No Yes
Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 16
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Figure 11 summarizes the design recommendations based on general requirements for deployment.
Figure 11 Deployment options for RAP and Voice
arun_0532
Voice Deployment on RAPs
Bridge Mode SSID
D-Tunnel Mode SSIDSplit Tunnel SSID Tunnel Mode SSID
Is the PBX server
at corporate?
Existing
VPN/QoS
solution?
• ALG-Lite on RAP
• Optimized-single IPsec + GRE tunnel
• All traffic to controller
• All Call Statistics on Controller
• ALGs on controller
• RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation
• Not a recommended mode
• PBX local is not a cost effective solution
• No ALGs available unless manually configured
• No Voice Call Statistics
• RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation
L2
Roaming ?
L2
Roaming
Single
RAP
Single Voice
and Data SSID
Separate
Voice SSID
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Aruba Networks, Inc. VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations | 17
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Appendix A: VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations
This appendix explains voice codec bandwidth calculations and shows the different protocol header
sizes that are used for the calculations:
Bandwidth Calculation Formulas
total packet size = (Layer 2 header) + (IP/UDP/RTP header) + (voice payload size)
packets per second (PPS) = (codec bit rate) ÷ (voice payload size)
bandwidth = total packet size * PPS
Sample Bandwidth Calculation for G.711 and for G.729
The required bandwidth for a G.711 call (64 Kb/s codec bit rate) with Ethernet L2 header and the
default 160 bytes of voice payload is:
 total packet size (bytes) = (18 bytes Ethernet Layer 2 header) + (40 bytes IP) + (voice payload of
160 bytes) = 218 bytes
 total packet size (bits) = (218 bytes) * 8 bits per byte = 1744 bits
 voice payload size = (160 bytes default voice payload) * 8 bits per byte = 1280 bits
 packets per second (PPS) = (64 Kb/s codec bit rate) ÷ (1280 bits) = 50 pps
 bandwidth per call = (1744 bits voice packet size) * 50 pps = 87.2 Kb/s
N O T E
Layer 2 header can be Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (MP), Frame Relay
Forum (FRF), or Ethernet.
N O T E
The approximate protocol header sizes used in these calculations are as
follows:
 40 bytes for IP (20 bytes) / User Datagram Protocol (UDP) (8 bytes) / Real-
Time Transport Protocol (RTP) (12 bytes)
 Compressed Real-Time Transport Protocol (cRTP) reduces the IP/UDP/RTP
headers to 2 or 4 bytes (cRTP is not available over Ethernet).
 6 bytes Layer 2 Header for MP or FRF
 1 byte for the end-of-frame flag on MP and Frame Relay frames
 18 bytes for Ethernet Layer 2 headers, including 4 bytes of Frame Check
Sequence (FCS) or Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Aruba Networks, Inc. VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations | 18
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
The required bandwidth for a G.729 call (8 Kb/s codec bit rate) with cRTP, MP and the default 20 bytes
of voice payload is:
 total packet size (bytes) = (18 bytes Ethernet Layer 2 header) + (40 bytes IP) + (voice payload of
20 bytes) = 78 bytes
 total packet size (bits) = (78 bytes) * 8 bits per byte = 624 bits
 voice payload size = (20 bytes default voice payload) * 8 bits per byte = 160 bits
 PPS = (8 Kb/s Codec bit rate) ÷ (160 bits) = 50 pps
 bandwidth per call = (624 bits voice packet size) * 50 pps = 31.2 Kb/s
Aruba Networks, Inc. Contacting Aruba Networks | 19
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
Appendix B: Contacting Aruba Networks
Contacting Aruba Networks
Web Site Support
Main Site http://www.arubanetworks.com
Support Site https://support.arubanetworks.com
Software Licensing Site https://licensing.arubanetworks.com/login.php
Wireless Security Incident
Response Team (WSIRT)
http://www.arubanetworks.com/support/wsirt.php
Support Emails
Americas and APAC support@arubanetworks.com
EMEA emea_support@arubanetworks.com
WSIRT Email
Please email details of any security
problem found in an Aruba product.
wsirt@arubanetworks.com
Validated Reference Design Contact and User Forum
Validated Reference Designs http://www.arubanetworks.com/vrd
VRD Contact Email referencedesign@arubanetworks.com
AirHeads Online User Forum http://airheads.arubanetworks.com
Telephone Support
Aruba Corporate +1 (408) 227-4500
FAX +1 (408) 227-4550
Support
 United States +1-800-WI-FI-LAN (800-943-4526)
 Universal Free Phone Service Numbers (UIFN):
 Australia Reach: 1300 4 ARUBA (27822)
 United States 1 800 9434526
1 650 3856589
 Canada 1 800 9434526
1 650 3856589
 United Kingdom BT: 0 825 494 34526
MCL: 0 825 494 34526
Aruba Networks, Inc. Contacting Aruba Networks | 20
Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
 Universal Free Phone Service Numbers (UIFN):
 Japan IDC: 10 810 494 34526 * Select fixed phones
IDC: 0061 010 812 494 34526 * Any fixed, mobile & payphone
KDD: 10 813 494 34526 * Select fixed phones
JT: 10 815 494 34526 * Select fixed phones
JT: 0041 010 816 494 34526 * Any fixed, mobile & payphone
 Korea DACOM: 2 819 494 34526
KT: 1 820 494 34526
ONSE: 8 821 494 34526
 Singapore Singapore Telecom: 1 822 494 34526
 Taiwan (U) CHT-I: 0 824 494 34526
 Belgium Belgacom: 0 827 494 34526
 Israel Bezeq: 14 807 494 34526
Barack ITC: 13 808 494 34526
 Ireland EIRCOM: 0 806 494 34526
 Hong Kong HKTI: 1 805 494 34526
 Germany Deutsche Telkom: 0 804 494 34526
 France France Telecom: 0 803 494 34526
 China (P) China Telecom South: 0 801 494 34526
China Netcom Group: 0 802 494 34526
 Saudi Arabia 800 8445708
 UAE 800 04416077
 Egypt 2510-0200 8885177267 * within Cairo
02-2510-0200 8885177267 * outside Cairo
 India 91 044 66768150
Telephone Support

More Related Content

What's hot

Roaming behavior and Client Troubleshooting
Roaming behavior and Client TroubleshootingRoaming behavior and Client Troubleshooting
Roaming behavior and Client Troubleshooting
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Amigopod and ArubaOS Integration
Amigopod and ArubaOS IntegrationAmigopod and ArubaOS Integration
Amigopod and ArubaOS Integration
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference DesignBase Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- Aruba Instant AP- VPN Troubleshooting
EMEA Airheads- Aruba Instant AP-  VPN TroubleshootingEMEA Airheads- Aruba Instant AP-  VPN Troubleshooting
EMEA Airheads- Aruba Instant AP- VPN Troubleshooting
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads How licensing works in Aruba OS 8.x
EMEA Airheads  How licensing works in Aruba OS 8.xEMEA Airheads  How licensing works in Aruba OS 8.x
EMEA Airheads How licensing works in Aruba OS 8.x
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Airheads Tech Talks: Advanced Clustering in AOS 8.x
Airheads Tech Talks: Advanced Clustering in AOS 8.xAirheads Tech Talks: Advanced Clustering in AOS 8.x
Airheads Tech Talks: Advanced Clustering in AOS 8.x
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Network Rightsizing Best Practices Guide
Network Rightsizing Best Practices GuideNetwork Rightsizing Best Practices Guide
Network Rightsizing Best Practices Guide
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- Instant AP- Instant AP Best Practice Configuration
EMEA Airheads- Instant AP- Instant AP Best Practice ConfigurationEMEA Airheads- Instant AP- Instant AP Best Practice Configuration
EMEA Airheads- Instant AP- Instant AP Best Practice Configuration
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads_ Advance Aruba Central
EMEA Airheads_ Advance Aruba CentralEMEA Airheads_ Advance Aruba Central
EMEA Airheads_ Advance Aruba Central
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Airheads Meetups- High density WLAN
Airheads Meetups- High density WLANAirheads Meetups- High density WLAN
Airheads Meetups- High density WLAN
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Large scale, distributed access management deployment with aruba clear pass
Large scale, distributed access management deployment with aruba clear passLarge scale, distributed access management deployment with aruba clear pass
Large scale, distributed access management deployment with aruba clear pass
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
ClearPass Policy Model - An Introduction
ClearPass Policy Model - An IntroductionClearPass Policy Model - An Introduction
ClearPass Policy Model - An Introduction
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads - AP Discovery Logic and AP Deployment
EMEA Airheads - AP Discovery Logic and AP DeploymentEMEA Airheads - AP Discovery Logic and AP Deployment
EMEA Airheads - AP Discovery Logic and AP Deployment
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Bringing up Aruba Mobility Master, Managed Device & Access Point
Bringing up Aruba Mobility Master, Managed Device & Access PointBringing up Aruba Mobility Master, Managed Device & Access Point
Bringing up Aruba Mobility Master, Managed Device & Access Point
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Rogue AP troubleshooting
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Rogue AP troubleshootingEMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Rogue AP troubleshooting
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Rogue AP troubleshooting
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Packets never lie: An in-depth overview of 802.11 frames
Packets never lie: An in-depth overview of 802.11 framesPackets never lie: An in-depth overview of 802.11 frames
Packets never lie: An in-depth overview of 802.11 frames
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads - What does AirMatch do differently?v2
 EMEA Airheads - What does AirMatch do differently?v2 EMEA Airheads - What does AirMatch do differently?v2
EMEA Airheads - What does AirMatch do differently?v2
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- Layer-3 Redundancy for Mobility Master - ArubaOS 8.x
EMEA Airheads- Layer-3 Redundancy for Mobility Master - ArubaOS 8.xEMEA Airheads- Layer-3 Redundancy for Mobility Master - ArubaOS 8.x
EMEA Airheads- Layer-3 Redundancy for Mobility Master - ArubaOS 8.x
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Voice over IP (VoIP) Deployment with Aruba Mobility Access Switch
Voice over IP (VoIP) Deployment with Aruba Mobility Access SwitchVoice over IP (VoIP) Deployment with Aruba Mobility Access Switch
Voice over IP (VoIP) Deployment with Aruba Mobility Access Switch
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 

What's hot (20)

Roaming behavior and Client Troubleshooting
Roaming behavior and Client TroubleshootingRoaming behavior and Client Troubleshooting
Roaming behavior and Client Troubleshooting
 
Advanced rf troubleshooting_peter lane
Advanced rf troubleshooting_peter laneAdvanced rf troubleshooting_peter lane
Advanced rf troubleshooting_peter lane
 
Amigopod and ArubaOS Integration
Amigopod and ArubaOS IntegrationAmigopod and ArubaOS Integration
Amigopod and ArubaOS Integration
 
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference DesignBase Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
 
EMEA Airheads- Aruba Instant AP- VPN Troubleshooting
EMEA Airheads- Aruba Instant AP-  VPN TroubleshootingEMEA Airheads- Aruba Instant AP-  VPN Troubleshooting
EMEA Airheads- Aruba Instant AP- VPN Troubleshooting
 
EMEA Airheads How licensing works in Aruba OS 8.x
EMEA Airheads  How licensing works in Aruba OS 8.xEMEA Airheads  How licensing works in Aruba OS 8.x
EMEA Airheads How licensing works in Aruba OS 8.x
 
Airheads Tech Talks: Advanced Clustering in AOS 8.x
Airheads Tech Talks: Advanced Clustering in AOS 8.xAirheads Tech Talks: Advanced Clustering in AOS 8.x
Airheads Tech Talks: Advanced Clustering in AOS 8.x
 
Network Rightsizing Best Practices Guide
Network Rightsizing Best Practices GuideNetwork Rightsizing Best Practices Guide
Network Rightsizing Best Practices Guide
 
EMEA Airheads- Instant AP- Instant AP Best Practice Configuration
EMEA Airheads- Instant AP- Instant AP Best Practice ConfigurationEMEA Airheads- Instant AP- Instant AP Best Practice Configuration
EMEA Airheads- Instant AP- Instant AP Best Practice Configuration
 
EMEA Airheads_ Advance Aruba Central
EMEA Airheads_ Advance Aruba CentralEMEA Airheads_ Advance Aruba Central
EMEA Airheads_ Advance Aruba Central
 
Airheads Meetups- High density WLAN
Airheads Meetups- High density WLANAirheads Meetups- High density WLAN
Airheads Meetups- High density WLAN
 
Large scale, distributed access management deployment with aruba clear pass
Large scale, distributed access management deployment with aruba clear passLarge scale, distributed access management deployment with aruba clear pass
Large scale, distributed access management deployment with aruba clear pass
 
ClearPass Policy Model - An Introduction
ClearPass Policy Model - An IntroductionClearPass Policy Model - An Introduction
ClearPass Policy Model - An Introduction
 
EMEA Airheads - AP Discovery Logic and AP Deployment
EMEA Airheads - AP Discovery Logic and AP DeploymentEMEA Airheads - AP Discovery Logic and AP Deployment
EMEA Airheads - AP Discovery Logic and AP Deployment
 
Bringing up Aruba Mobility Master, Managed Device & Access Point
Bringing up Aruba Mobility Master, Managed Device & Access PointBringing up Aruba Mobility Master, Managed Device & Access Point
Bringing up Aruba Mobility Master, Managed Device & Access Point
 
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Rogue AP troubleshooting
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Rogue AP troubleshootingEMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Rogue AP troubleshooting
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Rogue AP troubleshooting
 
Packets never lie: An in-depth overview of 802.11 frames
Packets never lie: An in-depth overview of 802.11 framesPackets never lie: An in-depth overview of 802.11 frames
Packets never lie: An in-depth overview of 802.11 frames
 
EMEA Airheads - What does AirMatch do differently?v2
 EMEA Airheads - What does AirMatch do differently?v2 EMEA Airheads - What does AirMatch do differently?v2
EMEA Airheads - What does AirMatch do differently?v2
 
EMEA Airheads- Layer-3 Redundancy for Mobility Master - ArubaOS 8.x
EMEA Airheads- Layer-3 Redundancy for Mobility Master - ArubaOS 8.xEMEA Airheads- Layer-3 Redundancy for Mobility Master - ArubaOS 8.x
EMEA Airheads- Layer-3 Redundancy for Mobility Master - ArubaOS 8.x
 
Voice over IP (VoIP) Deployment with Aruba Mobility Access Switch
Voice over IP (VoIP) Deployment with Aruba Mobility Access SwitchVoice over IP (VoIP) Deployment with Aruba Mobility Access Switch
Voice over IP (VoIP) Deployment with Aruba Mobility Access Switch
 

Similar to Voice Support for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments

Outdoor Point-to-Point Deployments
Outdoor Point-to-Point DeploymentsOutdoor Point-to-Point Deployments
Outdoor Point-to-Point Deployments
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
ArubaOS DHCP Fingerprinting
ArubaOS DHCP FingerprintingArubaOS DHCP Fingerprinting
ArubaOS DHCP Fingerprinting
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Indoor80211n Aruba Wifi
Indoor80211n Aruba Wifi Indoor80211n Aruba Wifi
Indoor80211n Aruba Wifi
CHai Yo Song
 
VRD-Indoor80211n 2012 05-31
VRD-Indoor80211n 2012 05-31VRD-Indoor80211n 2012 05-31
VRD-Indoor80211n 2012 05-31
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
M controller vrdv10
M controller vrdv10M controller vrdv10
M controller vrdv10
Minh Hoàng
 
802.11Ac-icin-Rf-ve-Roaming-Optimizasyonu-Onerileri-.pdf
802.11Ac-icin-Rf-ve-Roaming-Optimizasyonu-Onerileri-.pdf802.11Ac-icin-Rf-ve-Roaming-Optimizasyonu-Onerileri-.pdf
802.11Ac-icin-Rf-ve-Roaming-Optimizasyonu-Onerileri-.pdf
NetsysBilisim
 
RAP Networks Validated Reference Design
RAP Networks Validated Reference DesignRAP Networks Validated Reference Design
RAP Networks Validated Reference Design
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Aruba Remote Access Point (RAP) Networks Validated Reference Design
Aruba Remote Access Point (RAP) Networks Validated Reference DesignAruba Remote Access Point (RAP) Networks Validated Reference Design
Aruba Remote Access Point (RAP) Networks Validated Reference Design
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Campus Network Design version 8
Campus Network Design version 8Campus Network Design version 8
Campus Network Design version 8
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Optimizing Aruba WLANs for Roaming Devices
Optimizing Aruba WLANs for Roaming DevicesOptimizing Aruba WLANs for Roaming Devices
Optimizing Aruba WLANs for Roaming Devices
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Aruba Networks
Aruba NetworksAruba Networks
Aruba Networks
InfinianTechnology
 
High-Density Wireless Networks for Auditoriums
High-Density Wireless Networks for AuditoriumsHigh-Density Wireless Networks for Auditoriums
High-Density Wireless Networks for Auditoriums
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Reduce refresh costs and gain more beyond security!
Reduce refresh costs and gain more beyond security!Reduce refresh costs and gain more beyond security!
Reduce refresh costs and gain more beyond security!Salient Networks Limited
 
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference DesignBase Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference DesignContent Rules, Inc.
 
Aruba 802.11ac networks: Validated Reference Designs
Aruba 802.11ac networks: Validated Reference DesignsAruba 802.11ac networks: Validated Reference Designs
Aruba 802.11ac networks: Validated Reference Designs
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Virtual Intranet Access (VIA)
Virtual Intranet Access (VIA)Virtual Intranet Access (VIA)
Virtual Intranet Access (VIA)
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Apple Captive Network Assistant Bypass with ClearPass Guest
Apple Captive Network Assistant Bypass with ClearPass GuestApple Captive Network Assistant Bypass with ClearPass Guest
Apple Captive Network Assistant Bypass with ClearPass Guest
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 

Similar to Voice Support for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments (20)

Outdoor Point-to-Point Deployments
Outdoor Point-to-Point DeploymentsOutdoor Point-to-Point Deployments
Outdoor Point-to-Point Deployments
 
ArubaOS DHCP Fingerprinting
ArubaOS DHCP FingerprintingArubaOS DHCP Fingerprinting
ArubaOS DHCP Fingerprinting
 
Indoor80211n Aruba Wifi
Indoor80211n Aruba Wifi Indoor80211n Aruba Wifi
Indoor80211n Aruba Wifi
 
VRD-Indoor80211n 2012 05-31
VRD-Indoor80211n 2012 05-31VRD-Indoor80211n 2012 05-31
VRD-Indoor80211n 2012 05-31
 
M controller vrdv10
M controller vrdv10M controller vrdv10
M controller vrdv10
 
802.11Ac-icin-Rf-ve-Roaming-Optimizasyonu-Onerileri-.pdf
802.11Ac-icin-Rf-ve-Roaming-Optimizasyonu-Onerileri-.pdf802.11Ac-icin-Rf-ve-Roaming-Optimizasyonu-Onerileri-.pdf
802.11Ac-icin-Rf-ve-Roaming-Optimizasyonu-Onerileri-.pdf
 
Aruba Campus Wireless Networks
Aruba Campus Wireless NetworksAruba Campus Wireless Networks
Aruba Campus Wireless Networks
 
RAP Networks Validated Reference Design
RAP Networks Validated Reference DesignRAP Networks Validated Reference Design
RAP Networks Validated Reference Design
 
Aruba Remote Access Point (RAP) Networks Validated Reference Design
Aruba Remote Access Point (RAP) Networks Validated Reference DesignAruba Remote Access Point (RAP) Networks Validated Reference Design
Aruba Remote Access Point (RAP) Networks Validated Reference Design
 
Campus Network Design version 8
Campus Network Design version 8Campus Network Design version 8
Campus Network Design version 8
 
Optimizing Aruba WLANs for Roaming Devices
Optimizing Aruba WLANs for Roaming DevicesOptimizing Aruba WLANs for Roaming Devices
Optimizing Aruba WLANs for Roaming Devices
 
Air group tb 080112_final
Air group tb 080112_finalAir group tb 080112_final
Air group tb 080112_final
 
Aruba Networks
Aruba NetworksAruba Networks
Aruba Networks
 
Virtual Branch Networks
Virtual Branch NetworksVirtual Branch Networks
Virtual Branch Networks
 
High-Density Wireless Networks for Auditoriums
High-Density Wireless Networks for AuditoriumsHigh-Density Wireless Networks for Auditoriums
High-Density Wireless Networks for Auditoriums
 
Reduce refresh costs and gain more beyond security!
Reduce refresh costs and gain more beyond security!Reduce refresh costs and gain more beyond security!
Reduce refresh costs and gain more beyond security!
 
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference DesignBase Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design
 
Aruba 802.11ac networks: Validated Reference Designs
Aruba 802.11ac networks: Validated Reference DesignsAruba 802.11ac networks: Validated Reference Designs
Aruba 802.11ac networks: Validated Reference Designs
 
Virtual Intranet Access (VIA)
Virtual Intranet Access (VIA)Virtual Intranet Access (VIA)
Virtual Intranet Access (VIA)
 
Apple Captive Network Assistant Bypass with ClearPass Guest
Apple Captive Network Assistant Bypass with ClearPass GuestApple Captive Network Assistant Bypass with ClearPass Guest
Apple Captive Network Assistant Bypass with ClearPass Guest
 

More from Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company

Airheads Tech Talks: Understanding ClearPass OnGuard Agents
Airheads Tech Talks: Understanding ClearPass OnGuard AgentsAirheads Tech Talks: Understanding ClearPass OnGuard Agents
Airheads Tech Talks: Understanding ClearPass OnGuard Agents
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads_ Aruba AppRF – AOS 6.x & 8.x
EMEA Airheads_ Aruba AppRF – AOS 6.x & 8.xEMEA Airheads_ Aruba AppRF – AOS 6.x & 8.x
EMEA Airheads_ Aruba AppRF – AOS 6.x & 8.x
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS Switch
EMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS SwitchEMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS Switch
EMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS Switch
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- LACP and distributed LACP – ArubaOS Switch
EMEA Airheads- LACP and distributed LACP – ArubaOS SwitchEMEA Airheads- LACP and distributed LACP – ArubaOS Switch
EMEA Airheads- LACP and distributed LACP – ArubaOS Switch
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Introduction to AirWave 10
Introduction to AirWave 10Introduction to AirWave 10
EMEA Airheads- Virtual Switching Framework- Aruba OS Switch
EMEA Airheads- Virtual Switching Framework- Aruba OS SwitchEMEA Airheads- Virtual Switching Framework- Aruba OS Switch
EMEA Airheads- Virtual Switching Framework- Aruba OS Switch
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- AirGroup profiling changes across 8.1 & 8.2 – ArubaOS 8.x
EMEA Airheads- AirGroup profiling changes across 8.1 & 8.2 – ArubaOS 8.xEMEA Airheads- AirGroup profiling changes across 8.1 & 8.2 – ArubaOS 8.x
EMEA Airheads- AirGroup profiling changes across 8.1 & 8.2 – ArubaOS 8.x
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- Getting Started with the ClearPass REST API – CPPM
EMEA Airheads-  Getting Started with the ClearPass REST API – CPPMEMEA Airheads-  Getting Started with the ClearPass REST API – CPPM
EMEA Airheads- Getting Started with the ClearPass REST API – CPPM
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- Manage Devices at Branch Office (BOC)
EMEA Airheads- Manage Devices at Branch Office (BOC)EMEA Airheads- Manage Devices at Branch Office (BOC)
EMEA Airheads- Manage Devices at Branch Office (BOC)
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Airheads Meetups: 8400 Presentation
Airheads Meetups: 8400 PresentationAirheads Meetups: 8400 Presentation
Airheads Meetups: 8400 Presentation
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Airheads Meetups: Ekahau Presentation
Airheads Meetups: Ekahau PresentationAirheads Meetups: Ekahau Presentation
Airheads Meetups: Ekahau Presentation
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
Airheads Meetups- Avans Hogeschool goes Aruba
Airheads Meetups- Avans Hogeschool goes ArubaAirheads Meetups- Avans Hogeschool goes Aruba
Airheads Meetups- Avans Hogeschool goes Aruba
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads - Configuring different APIs in Aruba 8.x
EMEA Airheads - Configuring different APIs  in Aruba 8.x EMEA Airheads - Configuring different APIs  in Aruba 8.x
EMEA Airheads - Configuring different APIs in Aruba 8.x
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads - Multi zone ap and centralized image upgrade
EMEA Airheads - Multi zone ap and centralized image upgradeEMEA Airheads - Multi zone ap and centralized image upgrade
EMEA Airheads - Multi zone ap and centralized image upgrade
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- Aruba 8.x Architecture overview & UI Navigation
EMEA Airheads- Aruba 8.x Architecture overview & UI NavigationEMEA Airheads- Aruba 8.x Architecture overview & UI Navigation
EMEA Airheads- Aruba 8.x Architecture overview & UI Navigation
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Cluster Manager
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Cluster ManagerEMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Cluster Manager
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Cluster Manager
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads– Aruba Clarity. Because a Wi-Fi Problem's Often Not a "Wi-Fi" P...
EMEA Airheads– Aruba Clarity. Because a Wi-Fi Problem's Often Not a "Wi-Fi" P...EMEA Airheads– Aruba Clarity. Because a Wi-Fi Problem's Often Not a "Wi-Fi" P...
EMEA Airheads– Aruba Clarity. Because a Wi-Fi Problem's Often Not a "Wi-Fi" P...
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 
EMEA Airheads- ClearPass extensions and how they can help
EMEA Airheads-  ClearPass extensions and how they can helpEMEA Airheads-  ClearPass extensions and how they can help
EMEA Airheads- ClearPass extensions and how they can help
Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company
 

More from Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company (18)

Airheads Tech Talks: Understanding ClearPass OnGuard Agents
Airheads Tech Talks: Understanding ClearPass OnGuard AgentsAirheads Tech Talks: Understanding ClearPass OnGuard Agents
Airheads Tech Talks: Understanding ClearPass OnGuard Agents
 
EMEA Airheads_ Aruba AppRF – AOS 6.x & 8.x
EMEA Airheads_ Aruba AppRF – AOS 6.x & 8.xEMEA Airheads_ Aruba AppRF – AOS 6.x & 8.x
EMEA Airheads_ Aruba AppRF – AOS 6.x & 8.x
 
EMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS Switch
EMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS SwitchEMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS Switch
EMEA Airheads- Switch stacking_ ArubaOS Switch
 
EMEA Airheads- LACP and distributed LACP – ArubaOS Switch
EMEA Airheads- LACP and distributed LACP – ArubaOS SwitchEMEA Airheads- LACP and distributed LACP – ArubaOS Switch
EMEA Airheads- LACP and distributed LACP – ArubaOS Switch
 
Introduction to AirWave 10
Introduction to AirWave 10Introduction to AirWave 10
Introduction to AirWave 10
 
EMEA Airheads- Virtual Switching Framework- Aruba OS Switch
EMEA Airheads- Virtual Switching Framework- Aruba OS SwitchEMEA Airheads- Virtual Switching Framework- Aruba OS Switch
EMEA Airheads- Virtual Switching Framework- Aruba OS Switch
 
EMEA Airheads- AirGroup profiling changes across 8.1 & 8.2 – ArubaOS 8.x
EMEA Airheads- AirGroup profiling changes across 8.1 & 8.2 – ArubaOS 8.xEMEA Airheads- AirGroup profiling changes across 8.1 & 8.2 – ArubaOS 8.x
EMEA Airheads- AirGroup profiling changes across 8.1 & 8.2 – ArubaOS 8.x
 
EMEA Airheads- Getting Started with the ClearPass REST API – CPPM
EMEA Airheads-  Getting Started with the ClearPass REST API – CPPMEMEA Airheads-  Getting Started with the ClearPass REST API – CPPM
EMEA Airheads- Getting Started with the ClearPass REST API – CPPM
 
EMEA Airheads- Manage Devices at Branch Office (BOC)
EMEA Airheads- Manage Devices at Branch Office (BOC)EMEA Airheads- Manage Devices at Branch Office (BOC)
EMEA Airheads- Manage Devices at Branch Office (BOC)
 
Airheads Meetups: 8400 Presentation
Airheads Meetups: 8400 PresentationAirheads Meetups: 8400 Presentation
Airheads Meetups: 8400 Presentation
 
Airheads Meetups: Ekahau Presentation
Airheads Meetups: Ekahau PresentationAirheads Meetups: Ekahau Presentation
Airheads Meetups: Ekahau Presentation
 
Airheads Meetups- Avans Hogeschool goes Aruba
Airheads Meetups- Avans Hogeschool goes ArubaAirheads Meetups- Avans Hogeschool goes Aruba
Airheads Meetups- Avans Hogeschool goes Aruba
 
EMEA Airheads - Configuring different APIs in Aruba 8.x
EMEA Airheads - Configuring different APIs  in Aruba 8.x EMEA Airheads - Configuring different APIs  in Aruba 8.x
EMEA Airheads - Configuring different APIs in Aruba 8.x
 
EMEA Airheads - Multi zone ap and centralized image upgrade
EMEA Airheads - Multi zone ap and centralized image upgradeEMEA Airheads - Multi zone ap and centralized image upgrade
EMEA Airheads - Multi zone ap and centralized image upgrade
 
EMEA Airheads- Aruba 8.x Architecture overview & UI Navigation
EMEA Airheads- Aruba 8.x Architecture overview & UI NavigationEMEA Airheads- Aruba 8.x Architecture overview & UI Navigation
EMEA Airheads- Aruba 8.x Architecture overview & UI Navigation
 
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Cluster Manager
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Cluster ManagerEMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Cluster Manager
EMEA Airheads- ArubaOS - Cluster Manager
 
EMEA Airheads– Aruba Clarity. Because a Wi-Fi Problem's Often Not a "Wi-Fi" P...
EMEA Airheads– Aruba Clarity. Because a Wi-Fi Problem's Often Not a "Wi-Fi" P...EMEA Airheads– Aruba Clarity. Because a Wi-Fi Problem's Often Not a "Wi-Fi" P...
EMEA Airheads– Aruba Clarity. Because a Wi-Fi Problem's Often Not a "Wi-Fi" P...
 
EMEA Airheads- ClearPass extensions and how they can help
EMEA Airheads-  ClearPass extensions and how they can helpEMEA Airheads-  ClearPass extensions and how they can help
EMEA Airheads- ClearPass extensions and how they can help
 

Recently uploaded

UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
DianaGray10
 
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMEEssentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
Safe Software
 
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdfFIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
FIDO Alliance
 
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportEpistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Alan Dix
 
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdfMicrosoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Uni Systems S.M.S.A.
 
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AIMind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Kumud Singh
 
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIEnchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Vladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
 
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practicesNational Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Quotidiano Piemontese
 
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
DianaGray10
 
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfUnlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Malak Abu Hammad
 
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
Neo4j
 
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Nexer Digital
 
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxHow to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
danishmna97
 
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Albert Hoitingh
 
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Neo4j
 
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
Pierluigi Pugliese
 
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...
ThomasParaiso2
 
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
James Anderson
 
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysClimate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Kari Kakkonen
 
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
James Anderson
 

Recently uploaded (20)

UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
 
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMEEssentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
 
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdfFIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
 
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportEpistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
 
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdfMicrosoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
 
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AIMind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
 
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIEnchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
 
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practicesNational Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
 
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
 
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfUnlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
 
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
 
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
 
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxHow to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
 
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
 
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
 
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
 
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...
 
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
 
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysClimate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
 
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
 

Voice Support for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments

  • 1. Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Version 1.0
  • 2. www.arubanetworks.com 1344 Crossman Avenue Sunnyvale, California 94089 Phone: 408.227.4500 Fax 408.227.4550 Aruba Networks, Inc. 2 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Copyright © 2011 Aruba Networks, Inc. AirWave®, Aruba Networks®, Aruba Mobility Management System®, Bluescanner, For Wireless That Works®, Mobile Edge Architecture®, People Move. Networks Must Follow®, RFprotect®, The All Wireless Workplace Is Now Open For Business, Green Island, and The Mobile Edge Company® are trademarks of Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Aruba Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication and the product specifications without notice. While Aruba uses commercially reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of the specifications contained in this document, Aruba will assume no responsibility for any errors or omissions. Open Source Code Certain Aruba products include Open Source software code developed by third parties, including software code subject to the GNU General Public License (“GPL”), GNU Lesser General Public License (“LGPL”), or other Open Source Licenses. The Open Source code used can be found at this site: http://www.arubanetworks.com/open_source Legal Notice ARUBA DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, WEATHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT, ACCURACY AND QUET ENJOYMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF ARUBA EXCEED THE AMOUNTS ACUTALLY PAID TO ARUBA UNDER ANY APPLICABLE WRITTEN AGREEMENT OR FOR ARUBA PRODUCTS OR SERVICES PURSHASED DIRECTLY FROM ARUBA, WHICHEVER IS LESS. Warning and Disclaimer This guide is designed to provide information about wireless networking, which includes Aruba Network products. Though Aruba uses commercially reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of the specifications contained in this document, this guide and the information in it is provided on an “as is” basis. Aruba assumes no liability or responsibility for any errors or omissions. ARUBA DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT, ACCURACY, AND QUIET ENJOYMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF ARUBA EXCEED THE AMOUNTS ACTUALLY PAID TO ARUBA UNDER ANY APPLICABLE WRITTEN AGREEMENT OR FOR ARUBA PRODUCTS OR SERVICES PURCHASED DIRECTLY FROM ARUBA, WHICHEVER IS LESS. Aruba Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication and the product specifications without notice.
  • 3. Aruba Networks, Inc. Table of Contents | 3 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Reference Material 6 Chapter 2: Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites 7 Remote Access Point Forwarding Modes 7 Tunnel Forwarding Mode 7 Decrypt Tunnel Forwarding Mode 7 Split-Tunnel Forwarding Mode 8 Bridge Forwarding Mode 8 Voice Support in Different Forwarding Modes 8 Aruba Voice Manager 9 Codecs 9 Aruba ALG-Lite 10 Call Admission Control for Voice 10 RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation 11 WMM 12 Per-User Bandwidth Contracts 14 Airtime Fairness 14 Summary 15 Appendix A: VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations 17 Bandwidth Calculation Formulas 17 Sample Bandwidth Calculation for G.711 and for G.729 17 Appendix B: Contacting Aruba Networks 19 Contacting Aruba Networks 19
  • 4. Aruba Networks, Inc. Table of Contents | 4 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note
  • 5. Aruba Networks, Inc. Introduction | 5 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Chapter 1: Introduction This guide provides a brief description of the various bandwidth reservation and quality of service (QoS) options for supporting voice traffic in an Aruba remote access point (RAP) telecommuter deployment scenario. The Aruba remote access point (RAP) solution is a key component of the Aruba virtual branch network (VBN) architecture. The Aruba RAP deployment model meets the needs of fixed telecommuter and small branch office deployments while maintaining simplicity and ease of deployment. Aruba RAPs extend the corporate LAN to any remote location by enabling seamless wired or wireless data and voice wherever a user finds an Internet-enabled Ethernet port or 3G cellular connection. RAPs are ideally suited for small remote offices, home offices, telecommuters, mobile executives, and for business continuity applications. Organizations with many fixed telecommuters typically have a requirement to extend a fully functional secure wired or wireless footprint (or both) into the employee home. One of the main requirements is to deliver full voice services to off-premises wired phones. Aruba RAPs provide secure access for VoIP phones (wired and wireless) to securely connect to the corporate voice server with dynamic, integrated QoS and voice prioritization features. Aruba RAPs can be deployed in different forwarding modes (tunnel, split-tunnel, and decrypt-tunnel) to support voice. These forwarding modes in combination with user-defined policies significantly impact the call quality and call characteristics for a given data flow. This guide provides a general recommendation with an overview of the options that are available for voice deployments with different the forwarding modes. These recommendations should always be used in combination with the Validated Reference Design Guides.
  • 6. Aruba Networks, Inc. Introduction | 6 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Table 1 lists the current software versions for this guide. Reference Material  This guide assumes a working knowledge of Aruba products. A more in-depth discussion for this topic can be found in the Aruba Virtual Branch Networks VRD and the Base Designs Lab Setup for Validated Reference Design. These guides are available for free at http://www.arubanetworks.com/vrd.  The complete suite of Aruba technical documentation is available for download from the Aruba support site. These documents present complete, detailed feature and functionality explanations outside the scope of the VRD series. The Aruba support site is located at: https://support.arubanetworks.com/. This site requires a user login and is for current Aruba customers with support contracts. Table 1 Aruba Software Versions Product Version ArubaOS™ (mobility controllers) 6.1 ArubaOS (mobility access switch) 7.0 Aruba Instant™ 1.1 MeshOS 4.2 AirWave® 7.3 AmigopodOS 3.3
  • 7. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 7 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Chapter 2: Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites Aruba remote access points (RAPs) can be deployed with tunnel, decrypt tunnel (decrypt-tunnel), split- tunnel, or bridge mode SSIDs. Refer to the Aruba Virtual Branch Networks Validated Reference Design for a more detailed discussion of these forwarding modes. This section provides a high level description of the different forwarding modes and helps to clarify why a specific forwarding mode is recommended for voice deployments with RAP. Tunnel or split-Tunnel are the recommended modes for deploying RAPs where voice is a requirement. The description for bridge forwarding mode is provided below for sake of completeness. Remote Access Point Forwarding Modes Tunnel Forwarding Mode In tunnel forwarding mode, all the 802.11 wireless traffic is Layer 2 encrypted from the client to the RAP. Then that traffic is forwarded through the IPsec tunnel to the controller. (No Layer 3 IPsec encryption is needed for these packets because they are already Layer 2 encrypted). Traffic from the wired ports is Layer 3 encrypted because it is forwarded into the IPsec tunnel in tunnel forwarding mode. Figure 1 RAP in tunnel mode Decrypt Tunnel Forwarding Mode A decrypt tunnel mode SSID is similar to tunnel mode SSID where all the traffic is forwarded through a GRE tunnel to the controller. In decrypt tunnel mode, the wireless traffic is decrypted at the RAP, and then both wired and wireless traffic is forwarded to the controller with no encryption. The IPsec tunnel is configured such that the packets are AH encapsulated but are ‘null’ encrypted. This should only be considered when the RAP will connect over an existing VPN that provides QoS based queuing. In general, you should use either tunnel or split tunnel. Figure 2 RAP in decrypt-tunnel mode arun_0472 Internet or private WAN Servers/datacenter arun_0471 Private WAN or existing VPN Servers/datacenter
  • 8. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 8 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Decrypt tunnel mode is used when a VPN solution is already in place and if QoS is configured on the WAN facing router. Split-Tunnel Forwarding Mode In split-tunnel forwarding mode, the wireless traffic from the client to the AP is Layer 2 encrypted and decrypted on the RAP. Depending on the destination of the traffic (data center versus Internet) the traffic is then either Layer 3 re-encrypted and injected into the IPsec tunnel to forward to the controller or it is bridged locally. Traffic from wired phones is also Layer 3 encrypted on the RAP and injected into the IPsec tunnel. The Layer 3 encryption is done in hardware on the AP. Any other traffic is forwarded to the Internet or is locally switched according to the configured policies. Figure 3 RAP in split-tunnel mode Bridge Forwarding Mode In bridge mode SSID, all the user traffic is locally bridged and only the control traffic is IPsec encrypted and forwarded inside the tunnel to the controller. Figure 4 RAP in bridge mode Voice Support in Different Forwarding Modes The recommended deployment options for voice are split-tunnel, decrypt-tunnel, or tunnel mode. Bridge mode SSID is not a supported option because VoIP application-layer gateways (ALGs) are not supported in bridge mode. Additionally, in bridge mode, the user traffic is not tunneled back to the corporate headquarters or data center, so this topology will not work if the PBX is centralized. A single SSID is generally recommended for both voice and data. However, a separate voice SSID in tunnel or decrypt-tunnel mode can also be created if mandated by the customer’s security requirements. N O T E Decrypt tunnel mode SSID should be used only when a VPN solution is already in place, otherwise all the traffic will be forwarded in the clear. arun_0473 Internet or private WAN Servers/datacenter arun_0474 Internet or private WAN Servers/datacenter Encrypted control channel
  • 9. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 9 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note The call voice quality is affected by loss, latency, and jitter. Loss causes dropped conversations and clipping. Latency causes delays in packet delivery and jitter is a variation of packet delay and occurs when voice packets are sent and received with timing variations. The section below describes Aruba’s ALGs and the different settings that can be used to maintain the voice call quality in a RAP deployment. Aruba Voice Manager Aruba controllers have a built-in voice manager module that manages the voice ALG functions and the ALG functions. These ALGs are stateful (bi-directional). All ALGs operate in the control path and provide for deep packet inspection capability. For example, the voice ALG detects Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) packets and opens up the necessary ports (such as 5060) for voice traffic. The deep packet inspection and the dynamic port selections are a secure way of allowing only traffic that is intended to pass through. ArubaOS on the Aruba controller supports ALGs for SIP, H323, Skinny Call Control Protocol (SCCP) or Skinny, Alcatel New Office Environment (NOE), Vocera, and Polycom SpectraLink Voice Protocol (SVP). The Aruba controller requires slightly different configurations for SIP and SVP (Polycom phones). In addition to deep packet inspection, the voice manager on the controller also performs these tasks:  Performs voice prioritization without any ACLs. (No manual creation of ACLs is performed and manual setting TOS values in the ACLs is not required).  Automatically collects call statistics such as MOS, delay, latency, and CDR records for the voice calls. Codecs Codecs are used to convert an analog voice signal to a digitally encoded version and can also affect the quality of the voice call. Codecs vary in things like the sound quality, the bandwidth required, and the computational requirements. Each service, program, phone, or gateway typically supports several different codecs, and when they talk to each other, they negotiate which codec they will use.  Using G.711 for VoIP provides the best voice quality and has the lowest latency. The downside is that G.711 takes more bandwidth then other codecs - approximately 87.2 Kb/s. However, with increasing broadband bandwidth, this may not be a major issue. G.711 is supported by most VoIP providers.  G729 offers toll-quality speech at a reasonably low bit rate of 8 Kb/s and utilizes a bandwidth of 31.2 Kb/s. However, it is a more complex codec in terms of CPU processing time. N O T E Bandwidth calculations for these codecs are described in Appendix A: VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations on page 17.
  • 10. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 10 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Aruba ALG-Lite ALG-Lite is a module on the RAP that sends session add, session delete, and client identity messages from the RAP to the controller. ALG-Lite is a mechanism by which the signaling frames are forwarded to the main ALG module implemented on the controller. ALG-Lite is supported in split-tunnel mode but not in tunnel mode, and it does not need any configuration. All message processing happens in the main ALG on the controller. ALG-Lite on the RAP does not do deep inspection of signaling messages because in most deployments the PBX sits in corporate network. Instead, this inspection happens on controller. For remote devices, signaling traffic reaches the controller and controller forwards this traffic to the control plane for deep inspection. The voice manager on the controller keeps track of local and remote devices. Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP) defines a standard packet format for delivering audio and video over the Internet. RTP is defined in RFC 1889. Real Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) is defined in RFC 3550. RTP delivers the actual data and RTCP sends control packets to participants in a call to provide feedback on the quality of service being provided by RTP. For local devices, ALG-Lite opens ports for RTP/RTCP traffic in the controller data path. For remote devices, ALG-Lite opens ports in the controller data path and the AP data path. ALG-Lite is used to send these messages from the controller to the RAP. Call Admission Control for Voice Call Admission Control (CAC) can be configured on the controller. In general, CAC ensures good call quality for existing calls by not accepting any new calls if the system is overloaded. CAC is also useful in load balancing the calls between RAPs in a multi-RAP deployment. The controller has an overall view of all the voice sessions on the RAPs that are connected to it. If a RAP is overloaded with devices, it will not respond to the probes of the new device and the device moves to another RAP. The bandwidth calculator wizard on the controller helps the administrator to calculate the bandwidth requirements for different voice codecs and help in configuring CAC. CAC can be configured on the controller with the VoIP Call Admission Control profile and attached to an AP group. (Advanced Services > All Profile Management > QoS Profile > VoIP Call Admission Control profile) Figure 5 Configuring VoIP CAC
  • 11. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 11 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation RAP uplink bandwidth reservation (UBR) configured in the AP system profile, allows an administrator to reserve a part of total uplink bandwidth on a RAP for a specific application, protocol, or port number. The UBR configured in the AP system profile of an AP group will apply to all RAPs that belong to this AP group. RAP uplink bandwidth reservation is supported in the split-tunnel mode and bridge mode SSIDs for wired and wireless traffic. Bandwidth allocation requires the access control list (ACL) mechanism where session ACLs are used to identify the traffic. With the configuration of an ACL that prioritizes a voice subnet, the bandwidth allocation can reserve a portion on the uplink (to WAN) bandwidth for the traffic from the voice subnet. Before configuring any class of traffic for reservation to limit the traffic leaving RAP uplink, the administrator must know the available Internet uplink bandwidth. The uplink bandwidth reservation module is independent of the ALG. Figure 6 Configuring RAP uplink bandwidth reservation
  • 12. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 12 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note WMM Wi-Fi Multimedia™ (WMM®), also known as Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME), is a Wi-Fi Alliance® interoperability certification based on the IEEE 802.11e standard. WMM provides basic QoS features to IEEE 802.11 networks. WMM prioritizes traffic according to four access categories: voice, video, best effort, and background. However, WMM does not provide guaranteed throughput. WMM is suitable for simple applications that require QoS such as VoIP on Wi-Fi phones (VoWLAN). Type of service (ToS) and Diff-Serve Code Points (DSCP) are fields that the IP layer uses for QoS. These fields are used to mark types of traffic, for example, DSCP 46 for RTP (VoIP) or DSCP 26 for SIP (VoIP signaling). Marked packets are put into queues to apply QoS and prioritization over other kind of traffic, like email or web traffic. Figure 7 IP packet – TOS and DSCP bits arun_0498 Differentiated Services Code Point Data Destination IP Address Source IP Address Header ChecksumProtocol Total LengthType of Service 8 bits IHLengthVersion Time to Live Identification Flags Fragment Offset Unused 6 bits 2 bits MBZCostReliabilityThroughputDelayPrecedence Options Padding 1 bit1 bit1 bit1 bit1 bit DSCP bits Precedence and TOS bits 3 bits
  • 13. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 13 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note The 802.1p protocol is a subset of 802.1Q and operates at Layer 2. The .1p tag is used by .1Q (VLANs) to prioritize traffic according to the kind of VLANs. For example, if VLAN 100 is used for VoIP telephones, the 802.1p tag can be set to category number 4 (voice), so that intermediate devices (routers, switches, controllers) use the 802.1p field to select which VLAN traffic should be prioritized. Most VoIP phones automatically tag their traffic, for example, 802.1p=5 for voice at Layer 2 and DSCP=46 for RTP VoIP at Layer 3. Figure 8 Ethernet data frame and 802.1p tagging The Aruba WMM implementation is according to the standards, where 802.1p markings are converted to DSCP markings upstream and downstream on the RAP. 802.1p markings are also placed in the 802.1Q VLAN tag. It is important to ensure that all tags, .1p, DSCP, and WMM access categories, match in the upstream and downstream directions, and also across wired and wireless networks. Figure 9 End-to-End QoS Support arun_0499 4 bytes (32 bits) FCSDataType/Length Ethernet Header Ethernet Payload 802.1Q TagDA Tag Protocol Identifier Priority (802.1p) Canonical Format Indicator VLAN ID 2 bytes 3 bits Tag Control Information (2 bytes) 1 bit 12 bits SA arun_0543LAN CoreLAN EdgeWireless Bandwidth Management Queuing Bandwidth Management Call Admission Control QoS Aware RF Management Downstream traffic Upstream traffic Tagged DSCP Tagged DSCP Tagged DSCP, 802.1p Tagged DSCP, 802.1p WMM / Strict Queuing WMM / SVP
  • 14. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 14 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Per-User Bandwidth Contracts Bandwidth management is another QoS mechanism that helps ensure adequate bandwidth for user traffic. The per-user bandwidth contract ensures that no single user can access more than the bandwidth defined by the contract. Per-user bandwidth contracts can be configured on a per-user basis or on a per-role basis. When configured on a per-role basis, the total configured bandwidth is shared among all devices that inherit that role. A bandwidth contract that is configured per-role is shared among all devices in that role. When configured on a per-user basis, the configured bandwidth is available for each user in that role. For example, a 2 Mb/s bandwidth contract per-user means that 2 Mb/s is available for each user in that role. The bandwidth contracts are effective only for traffic from RAP to controller or controller to RAP. In addition to these configurations, any voice deployment also depends on the location of the PBX or SIP server. In split-tunnel mode, when the “Remote-AP Local Network Access” parameter is checked in the AP system profile, calls between voice devices on the same RAP are switched locally. The call statistics for these calls continue to be sent to the controller over the control channel (secure tunnel). Airtime Fairness Airtime fairness for traffic from the RAP to the client (downstream direction) does not apply to voice traffic because voice traffic has the highest priority. The voice session bypasses the airtime fairness algorithm completely because voice frames have strict priority into the hardware queue. Airtime fairness has the added benefit in most cases that the channel is less busy when fair access is enabled, which should facilitate smoother or better quality voice deployments. Airtime Fairness works for tunnel mode SSID and the general recommendation is to enable fair access for such deployments. Airtime fairness is configured in the QOS profile. (Advanced Services > All Profile Management > QoS Profile > Traffic management Profile > Station Shaping Policy) Figure 10 Configuring Airtime Fairness
  • 15. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 15 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Summary Other parameters are not under the control of the wireless network, such as the WAN latency. The scale and performance of the routing and switching of the core network are also not under the control of the wireless network. Table 2 summarizes the points that have been discussed in the earlier sections. Table 2 RAP Forwarding Modes and Voice QoS Support Feature RAP Forwarding Modes Tunnel Mode Split-Tunnel Mode Decrypt-Tunnel Mode Call Admission Control Yes Yes Yes WMM Yes Yes Yes Per User Bandwidth Contracts Yes Yes Yes RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation No Yes No Voice ALGs on Controller Yes Yes Yes ALG-Lite on RAP No Yes No Voice call statistics (MOS, latency) Yes Yes Yes Airtime Fairness Yes No Yes Mobility (Layer 2 Roaming) Yes No Yes
  • 16. Aruba Networks, Inc. Best Practices for Voice Deployment at Remote Sites | 16 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Figure 11 summarizes the design recommendations based on general requirements for deployment. Figure 11 Deployment options for RAP and Voice arun_0532 Voice Deployment on RAPs Bridge Mode SSID D-Tunnel Mode SSIDSplit Tunnel SSID Tunnel Mode SSID Is the PBX server at corporate? Existing VPN/QoS solution? • ALG-Lite on RAP • Optimized-single IPsec + GRE tunnel • All traffic to controller • All Call Statistics on Controller • ALGs on controller • RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation • Not a recommended mode • PBX local is not a cost effective solution • No ALGs available unless manually configured • No Voice Call Statistics • RAP Uplink Bandwidth Reservation L2 Roaming ? L2 Roaming Single RAP Single Voice and Data SSID Separate Voice SSID Yes Yes Yes No No No
  • 17. Aruba Networks, Inc. VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations | 17 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Appendix A: VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations This appendix explains voice codec bandwidth calculations and shows the different protocol header sizes that are used for the calculations: Bandwidth Calculation Formulas total packet size = (Layer 2 header) + (IP/UDP/RTP header) + (voice payload size) packets per second (PPS) = (codec bit rate) ÷ (voice payload size) bandwidth = total packet size * PPS Sample Bandwidth Calculation for G.711 and for G.729 The required bandwidth for a G.711 call (64 Kb/s codec bit rate) with Ethernet L2 header and the default 160 bytes of voice payload is:  total packet size (bytes) = (18 bytes Ethernet Layer 2 header) + (40 bytes IP) + (voice payload of 160 bytes) = 218 bytes  total packet size (bits) = (218 bytes) * 8 bits per byte = 1744 bits  voice payload size = (160 bytes default voice payload) * 8 bits per byte = 1280 bits  packets per second (PPS) = (64 Kb/s codec bit rate) ÷ (1280 bits) = 50 pps  bandwidth per call = (1744 bits voice packet size) * 50 pps = 87.2 Kb/s N O T E Layer 2 header can be Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (MP), Frame Relay Forum (FRF), or Ethernet. N O T E The approximate protocol header sizes used in these calculations are as follows:  40 bytes for IP (20 bytes) / User Datagram Protocol (UDP) (8 bytes) / Real- Time Transport Protocol (RTP) (12 bytes)  Compressed Real-Time Transport Protocol (cRTP) reduces the IP/UDP/RTP headers to 2 or 4 bytes (cRTP is not available over Ethernet).  6 bytes Layer 2 Header for MP or FRF  1 byte for the end-of-frame flag on MP and Frame Relay frames  18 bytes for Ethernet Layer 2 headers, including 4 bytes of Frame Check Sequence (FCS) or Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
  • 18. Aruba Networks, Inc. VoIP Per-Call Bandwidth Calculations | 18 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note The required bandwidth for a G.729 call (8 Kb/s codec bit rate) with cRTP, MP and the default 20 bytes of voice payload is:  total packet size (bytes) = (18 bytes Ethernet Layer 2 header) + (40 bytes IP) + (voice payload of 20 bytes) = 78 bytes  total packet size (bits) = (78 bytes) * 8 bits per byte = 624 bits  voice payload size = (20 bytes default voice payload) * 8 bits per byte = 160 bits  PPS = (8 Kb/s Codec bit rate) ÷ (160 bits) = 50 pps  bandwidth per call = (624 bits voice packet size) * 50 pps = 31.2 Kb/s
  • 19. Aruba Networks, Inc. Contacting Aruba Networks | 19 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note Appendix B: Contacting Aruba Networks Contacting Aruba Networks Web Site Support Main Site http://www.arubanetworks.com Support Site https://support.arubanetworks.com Software Licensing Site https://licensing.arubanetworks.com/login.php Wireless Security Incident Response Team (WSIRT) http://www.arubanetworks.com/support/wsirt.php Support Emails Americas and APAC support@arubanetworks.com EMEA emea_support@arubanetworks.com WSIRT Email Please email details of any security problem found in an Aruba product. wsirt@arubanetworks.com Validated Reference Design Contact and User Forum Validated Reference Designs http://www.arubanetworks.com/vrd VRD Contact Email referencedesign@arubanetworks.com AirHeads Online User Forum http://airheads.arubanetworks.com Telephone Support Aruba Corporate +1 (408) 227-4500 FAX +1 (408) 227-4550 Support  United States +1-800-WI-FI-LAN (800-943-4526)  Universal Free Phone Service Numbers (UIFN):  Australia Reach: 1300 4 ARUBA (27822)  United States 1 800 9434526 1 650 3856589  Canada 1 800 9434526 1 650 3856589  United Kingdom BT: 0 825 494 34526 MCL: 0 825 494 34526
  • 20. Aruba Networks, Inc. Contacting Aruba Networks | 20 Voice Support on Aruba Controllers and Remote Access Points for Fixed Telecommuter Deployments Application Note  Universal Free Phone Service Numbers (UIFN):  Japan IDC: 10 810 494 34526 * Select fixed phones IDC: 0061 010 812 494 34526 * Any fixed, mobile & payphone KDD: 10 813 494 34526 * Select fixed phones JT: 10 815 494 34526 * Select fixed phones JT: 0041 010 816 494 34526 * Any fixed, mobile & payphone  Korea DACOM: 2 819 494 34526 KT: 1 820 494 34526 ONSE: 8 821 494 34526  Singapore Singapore Telecom: 1 822 494 34526  Taiwan (U) CHT-I: 0 824 494 34526  Belgium Belgacom: 0 827 494 34526  Israel Bezeq: 14 807 494 34526 Barack ITC: 13 808 494 34526  Ireland EIRCOM: 0 806 494 34526  Hong Kong HKTI: 1 805 494 34526  Germany Deutsche Telkom: 0 804 494 34526  France France Telecom: 0 803 494 34526  China (P) China Telecom South: 0 801 494 34526 China Netcom Group: 0 802 494 34526  Saudi Arabia 800 8445708  UAE 800 04416077  Egypt 2510-0200 8885177267 * within Cairo 02-2510-0200 8885177267 * outside Cairo  India 91 044 66768150 Telephone Support