Presentasi mengenai definisi dan fungsi Voice, Framing, dan Intertextuallity dalam proses membaca teks. Mata kuliah Reading, jurusan Sastra Inggris Universitas Padjadjaran. ©2013

1. Voice, Framing, and
Intertextuality

2. Presented by:
Fajrihani Swastika
Inayah Mulia Dewi
Muhammad Al Ghifari
Parastika Heavi Nur Anggreany
Yani Purnama Sari

3. Voice in Texts

4. We hear voice through
and…

5. Voice in Text?
Voice in text is associated with the basic vision
of a writer, his/her general attitude toward the
world.

6. According to Amy M. Newman, there are two
parts of voice
1. The author’s voice
2. The character’s voice

7. The Author’s Voice
The author’s voice is the style in which one
writes.
exm : Ernest Hemingway writes in short,
convise, to the point sentences.

8. The Character’s Voice
The character’s voice is basically how the
main character views the world.
Example: An older person might compare a
bright sunset to a bomb bursting over his
aircraft carrier during the Second World War,
whereas a teenager might compare it to the
flash of fire in her boyfriend’s eyes.

9. Characteristics of Voice in Texts
based on Peter Elbow’s What Do We Mean When We Talk about Voice in Texts
•
•
•
•
•
Audible voice
Dramatic voice
Recognizable or Distinctive
Voice with Authority
Resonant Voice or Presence

10. Sylvia Plath’s The Unabridged Journals
of Sylvia Plath
I lay and cried, and began to feel again, to admit I was human,
vulnerable, sensitive. I began to remember how it had been before;
how there was that germ of positive creativeness. Character is fate;
and damn, I’d better work on my character. I had been withdrawing
into a retreat of numbness: it is so much safer not to feel, not to let
the world touch one. But my honest self revolted at this, hated me
for doing this. Sick with conflict, destructive negative emotions,
frozen into disintegration I was, refusing to articulate, to spew forth
these emotions – they festered in me, growing big, distorted, like
pus-bloated sores. Small problems, mentions of someone else’s
felicity, evidence of someone else’s talents, frightened me, making
me react hollowly, fighting jealousy, envy, hate. Feeling myself fall
apart, decay, rot, and the laurels wither and fall away, and my past
sins and omissions strike me with full punishment and import. All
this, all this foul, sludge ate away at my insides. Silent, insidious.

11. End of Session 1
(Here’s a cool gif. for you..)

12. Framing for Reading

13. Framing of the text
Framing refers to the process of the people
looking at a text from a variety of perspectives
that they built as a material consideration for
interpreting or understanding the text.

14. MacLachan and Reid (1994) describe the four
types of framing as follows:
•
Extratextual framing occurs when a
reader using information outside the text,
such as his knowledge and experience to
assist in interpreting and understanding the
text.
•
Intratextual framing is when a reader uses
cues, such as headings and sub-headings, and
referential words such as "this" and "that" to
interpret or understand the text.

15. • Circumtextual framing occurs when a
reader takes into account the cover of a
book or journal, and peripheral features
such as title and abstract to build a picture
of the text.
•Intertextual framing is when a reader
connecting their text with another text to
understand the text that they have.

16. Examples of Framing
Para ilmuwan Finlandia meneliti 8000 orang dengan melihat ujung
jari kelingking yang bengkok ke dalam. Ditemukan 46 persen pria lebih
beresiko meninggal di usia muda akibat serangan jantung dibandingkan
pria tanpa osteoarthritis. Alasan hubungan ini belum jelas, namun para
ahli memprediksikan hal ini sebagai akibat tingkat lemak yang tinggi dalam
darah yang dapat menutupi arteri, atau osteoarthritis dapat juga
menunjukan rendahnya tingkat hormon testosteron yang melindungi pria
terhadap penyakit jantung.
Baca informasi lengkapnya di: http://www.deherba.com/deteksigangguan-kesehatan-hanya-dari-telapak-tangan.html#ixzz2hHwn9qTk

17. Examples of Framing
About 11.40 p.m.Captain Smith was
awakened by the collision and rushed to the
bridge. He received the report of the
accident from Murdoch and then made a
quick inspection of the ship with Thomas
Andrews. He immediately ordered the boats
prepared but wavered when it came to giving
the order to load and lower them Lightoller
had to approach him for the order which he
eventually gave.
Surprisingly little is known about Smith's
actions in the last two hours of the ships life.
His legendary skills of leadership seem to
have left him, he was curiously indecisive
and unusually cautious.
He was last seem in the bridge area having
given the final order to abandon ship. He
appears to have made no attempt to save
himself. His body, if recovered, was never
identified.
There are conflicting accounts of Smith's
death. Initially, rumours that he had
committed suicide by shooting himself were
reported by the Washington Times and the
French paper L'Excelsiorbased off the
survivor accounts of Gretchen Longley and
Mrs Washington Dodge; surviving crew men
however, vigorously denied this rumour.
When working to free Collapsible B, Junior
Marconi Officer Harold Bride saw a crew
member who he claimed was Smith dive into
the sea from near the bridge just as the final
plunge began, a story which was
corroborated by first class passenger Mrs
Eleanor Widener, who was in Lifeboat No.4
(the closest to the sinking ship) at the time. It
has been affirmed that the man who Bride
and Mrs Widener saw jump from the bridge
may have been Lightoller, who was seen
jumping at this time.
Source:http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanicvictim/edward-john-smith.html
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Smith_(sea_captai
n)

18. End of Session 2
(Here’s another cool gif. for you..)

19. Intertextuality

20. Intertextuality
Intertextuality and
Repetition
Intertextuality in Interaction:
Creating Identity
Intertextuality and Power
Notions of relationality,
interconnectedness and
interdependence
Meaning in language results
from a complex relationship
linking items within a discourse
and linking current to prior
instances of language
A person using text to
appropriate both prior text
AND prior human actions
with those texts.
An active social process, a means of
creating, sustaining, and/or
challenging power relations.

21. Intertextuality in film
Some texts refer directly to each other – such as
in 'remakes' of films, extra-diegetic references to
the media / society in the animated cartoon The
Simpsons, and many amusing contemporary TV
ads.
The interpretation of these references is
influenced by the audiences’ prior knowledge of
other texts.

22. The Simpsons
• Almost every episode of The Simpsons
contains at least one film reference to a
famous film scene.
• The grabs on the following slides are from an
episode where the Simpsons referenced
Psycho

23. Intertextuality - Simpsons

24. Intertextuality - Simpsons

25. Intertextuality - Simpsons

26. Sherlock Holmes vs Gregory House
-Can deduce a great deal from just
looking at a person.
-Holmes' creator based the character is
doctor.
-His name sounds like "Homes“
-Sherlock Holmes fought deadly criminals
-Used cocaine to escape boredom
-Holmes calls even his best friend by his
last name
-Arrogant. Said humility would be a lie
-His closest friend had problems with a
wound in his leg (although initially,
the wound was in his shoulder)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-
Gregory House, MD
Greg House is a doctor
His name is another word for "Home“
Fights deadly germs, diseases and
other medical problems.
Uses Vicodin for pain in his leg, and
also for boredom and the pain of
dealing with "stupid" people.
House calls all his associates by their
last names
Greg House is extremely arrogant.
Watches soaps, plays video games,
etc.
Has a medical problem in his leg.

27. End of Session 3
(Even more gifs for you..)

28. Thanks For Your Attention