Clause as Representative, Mata Kuliah: Reading. Sastra Inggris, Universitas Padjadjaran 2012.

1. Other Process Types and Other
Participant Function
Oleh:
Ananda Ayu Meidiana
Muhammad Al Ghifari
Parastika Heavi Nur Anggreany

2. Other Process Types
Other Participant Functions

3. PROCESS TYPES
Principal types of process types :
•Material processes
•Mental processes
•Relational processes
Subsidiary types of process types:
•Behavioural processes
•Verbal processes
•Existential processes

4. Behavioural Processes
Process of physiological and psychological behavior.
Behavioural sharing characteristics of material and mental.
• Dreaming
• Smiling
• Breathing
• Coughing
Behavioural Processes
Behaver + Process: behavioural
e.g.
• He was laughing.
• We were watching the news

5. Verbal Processes
Process of saying. (It covers any kind of symbolic
exchange of meaning)
• I said it’s noisy in here.
• The notice tells you to keep quiet.
• My watch says it’s half past ten.
Verbal Processes
• Sayer + Process / + target : verbal
• Sharing characteristics of mental and relational

6. Existensial Processes
Represent that something exist or happens.
1.There is a fly in my soup.
2.There was no trace
3. There are students in the class
These clauses typically have the verb be, or some
other verb expressing existence. (Exist, arise, etc.)

7. Sometimes other verbs function as process in an
existensial clause.
There came a big spider.
All around there grew a thick hedge.
Existential Processes
•Existent + Process: existential
•Sharing characteristics of relational and material

8. Menu
Summary of Process types
Process type Category meaning Participants
material : ‘doing’ Actor, Goal
action ‘doing’ Behaver
event ‘happening’ Senser, Phenomenon
behavioural ‘behaving’ Sayer, Target
mental : ‘sensing’ Token, Value
perception ‘seeing’ Carrier, Attribute
affection ‘feeling’ Identified, Identifier
cognition ‘thinking’ Existent
verbal ‘saying’
relational : ‘being’
attribution ‘attributing’
identification ‘identifying’
existential ‘existing’

9. Other Participant Functions
BENEFICIARY
Beneficiary is the one to whom or for whom
the process is said to take place.
Beneficiary appears in :
1. Material Processes
2. Verbal Processes
3. Relational Processes

10. BENEFICIARY IN MATERIAL PROCESSES
 Classified as Recipient and Client
 With or without preposition, depending on its
position in the clause
 Most typically is human; a personal pronoun
and a speech role (me, you, us)

11. RECIPIENT
• One that GOODS are given to
• The use of TO as preposition
• Goal represent the ‘goods’
With preposition
Ghifari gave a ring that has to his love
no end
Actor Process : Goal Beneficiary :
material Recipient
Without preposition
Ghifari gave his love a ring that has
no end
Actor Process : Beneficiary : Goal
material Recipient

12. CLIENT
• One that SERVICES are done for
• The use of FOR as preposition
• Goal represent the ‘service’ (one that is
brought into being by the process)
Ghifari cooked a plate of for his love
delicious
meal
Actor Process : Goal Beneficiary :
material Client
Ghifari cooked his love a plate of delicious
meal
Actor Process : Beneficiary : Goal
material Client

13. BENEFICIARY IN VERBAL PROCESS
• One who is being addressed; e.g Mary in John
said to Mary / told Mary (a story) / asked Mary (a
question).
• Beneficiary in Verbal Process called the Receiver.
• The Receiver usually present in verbal process
clauses where the sense is that of a causative
mental process; e.g. convince ‘make believe’, tell
‘make know’, explain ‘make understand’, show
‘make see’.

14. Sayer Process Receiver Gloss
She explained (to John) that… ; made
This/she showed (John) wh-… understan
This/she told John that… ; d
This/she proved (to John) wh-… made see
This/she convinced John that… ; made
wh-… know
persuade that… made
d that… accept
made
believe

15. BENEFICIARY IN RELATIONAL PROCESS
• She made him a good wife ;It cost her a pretty
penny
• The Beneficiary regularly functions as Subject
in the clause; in that case the verb is in the
passive voice.
were you asked a lot of
questions
Process: Receiver Process: Complemen
Verbal Verbal t

16. RANGE
The Range is the element that specifies the range
or scope of the process. Examples are a song in sing a
song of sixpence, croquet indo you play croquet with
the Queen today?, an awful blunder in Big Bird’s made
an awful blunder.
Range appears in:
1. Material Process
2. Behavioural Process
3. Mental Process
4. Verbal Process

17. RANGE IN MATERIAL PROCESS
• The Range may be an entity which exists
independently of the process but which
indicates the domain over which the process
takes place
• The Range may be not an entity at all but
rather another name for the process.

18. The Range as Entity
Mary climbed the mountain
Actor Process : Range :
material entity
John played the piano
Actor Process : Range :
material entity

19. The Range as Process
John and Mary were playing tennis
Actor Process : Range :
material process
She Dropped me
Actor Process : Beneficiary :
Material Recipient

20. How to distinguish a Range from a
Goal
 Range element can never have a resultative Attribute
added within the clause, as Goal can.
e.g.
they trampled the field flat, where the field is Goal √
they crossed the field flat, where the field is Range X
 The Range cannot be a personal pronoun, and it cannot
normally be modified by a possessive
 A Range element can often be realized as a
prepositional phrase.

21. RANGE IN MENTAL PROCESS
• Provide a way of interpreting an element
• Explain the existence of two parallel types of
structure, and the differences between them
RANGE IN VERBAL PROCESS
• Expressing class, quality or quantity
• Relates to the Range in mental process; e.g.
see a sight, hear a noise, sea view.

23. That’s all from us, thanks for your
attention!