The tear film is a complex mixture of substances secreted from multiple sources on the ocular surface, including the lacrimal gland, the accessory lacrimal glands, the meibomian glands, and the goblet cells.
The tear film is a complex mixture of substances secreted from multiple sources on the ocular surface, including the lacrimal gland, the accessory lacrimal glands, the meibomian glands, and the goblet cells.
The tear film constitutes Three layers :- An outermost lipid (oily) layer An aqueous (watery) layer that makes up 90% of the tear film volume; and A mucin layer that coats the corneal surface.
3. To form smooth optical surface on cornea. To keep the surface of cornea & conjunctiva moist It serve as lubricant It transfer oxygen Provide antibacterial action Wash debris out It provides a pathway for WBC in case of injury
4. Functions of lipid layer Retards evaporation of tear film Prevents the overflow of tears
5. Function of Aqueous Layer Flushes, buffers and lubricates the corneal surface Delivers oxygen and other nutrients to the corneal surface Wash out debris Delivers antibacterial enzymes and antibodies such as lysozyme.
6. Functions of Mucin Layer Spreads tears over corneal surface. Protects the cornea against foreign substances . Makes corneal surface smooth by filling in surface irregularities
Cornea is the clear front surface of the eye. It lies directly in front of the iris and pupil, and it allows light to enter the eye.
Cornea forms the transparent and anterior 1/6th of the external fibrous coat of the globe of the eyeball.
The cornea is the eye's most powerful structure for focusing light that provides approximately 65 to 75 percent of the focusing power of the eye.
The cornea has unmyelinated nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and chemicals; a touch of the cornea causes an involuntary reflex to close the eyelid.
1-IT IS A MIDDLE VASCULAR COAT OF EYEBALL.
2-IT MAINLY CONSIST OF THREE PARTS IRIS, CHOROID, CILIARY BODY.
3- CILIARY BODY CAN HOLD THE LENS AND PLAY IMPORTANT ROLE IN ACCOMODATION.
1. Introduction Gross anatomy Layers Blood supply, drainage and nerve supply
2. INTRODUCTION • Sclera forms posterior 5/6th of external tunic , connective tissue coat of eyeball. • it continues with duramater and cornea • Its whole surface covered by tenon’s capsule • Anteriorly covered by- bulbar conjunctiva • Inner surface lies in contact with choroid • With a potential suprachoroidal space in between
3. Equa THICKNESS OF SCLERA
4. • Thickness varies with individual, with age • Thinner- children, elder, F> M • Thickest posteriorly • Gradually becomes thinner when traced anteriorly • Thin at insertion of extraocular muscle
Each eyelid contains a fibrous plate, called a tarsus, that gives it structure and shape; muscles, which move the eyelids; and meibomian (or tarsal) glands, which secrete lubricating fluids. The lids are covered with skin, lined with mucous membrane, and bordered with a fringe of hairs, the eyelashes.
The aqueous humour is a transparent, watery fluid similar to plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary epithelium, a structure supporting the lens
This presentation gives a brief idea about angle of anterior chamber along with its structures and diagnostic methods to grade and visualize the structures.
UVEA constitutes- middle vascular coat
• 3 parts- a)iris
b)ciliary body
c)choroid
• Developmentally,structurally and functionallyindivisible
• color varies from light blue to dark brown
EMBRYOLOGY
IRIS-
• Both layers of epithelium derived from
marginal region of optic cup (neuroectoderm)
• Sphincter and dilator pupillae- anterior
epithelium (neuroectoderm)
• Stroma and vessels- vascular mesoderm
The tear film constitutes Three layers :- An outermost lipid (oily) layer An aqueous (watery) layer that makes up 90% of the tear film volume; and A mucin layer that coats the corneal surface.
3. To form smooth optical surface on cornea. To keep the surface of cornea & conjunctiva moist It serve as lubricant It transfer oxygen Provide antibacterial action Wash debris out It provides a pathway for WBC in case of injury
4. Functions of lipid layer Retards evaporation of tear film Prevents the overflow of tears
5. Function of Aqueous Layer Flushes, buffers and lubricates the corneal surface Delivers oxygen and other nutrients to the corneal surface Wash out debris Delivers antibacterial enzymes and antibodies such as lysozyme.
6. Functions of Mucin Layer Spreads tears over corneal surface. Protects the cornea against foreign substances . Makes corneal surface smooth by filling in surface irregularities
Cornea is the clear front surface of the eye. It lies directly in front of the iris and pupil, and it allows light to enter the eye.
Cornea forms the transparent and anterior 1/6th of the external fibrous coat of the globe of the eyeball.
The cornea is the eye's most powerful structure for focusing light that provides approximately 65 to 75 percent of the focusing power of the eye.
The cornea has unmyelinated nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and chemicals; a touch of the cornea causes an involuntary reflex to close the eyelid.
1-IT IS A MIDDLE VASCULAR COAT OF EYEBALL.
2-IT MAINLY CONSIST OF THREE PARTS IRIS, CHOROID, CILIARY BODY.
3- CILIARY BODY CAN HOLD THE LENS AND PLAY IMPORTANT ROLE IN ACCOMODATION.
1. Introduction Gross anatomy Layers Blood supply, drainage and nerve supply
2. INTRODUCTION • Sclera forms posterior 5/6th of external tunic , connective tissue coat of eyeball. • it continues with duramater and cornea • Its whole surface covered by tenon’s capsule • Anteriorly covered by- bulbar conjunctiva • Inner surface lies in contact with choroid • With a potential suprachoroidal space in between
3. Equa THICKNESS OF SCLERA
4. • Thickness varies with individual, with age • Thinner- children, elder, F> M • Thickest posteriorly • Gradually becomes thinner when traced anteriorly • Thin at insertion of extraocular muscle
Each eyelid contains a fibrous plate, called a tarsus, that gives it structure and shape; muscles, which move the eyelids; and meibomian (or tarsal) glands, which secrete lubricating fluids. The lids are covered with skin, lined with mucous membrane, and bordered with a fringe of hairs, the eyelashes.
The aqueous humour is a transparent, watery fluid similar to plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary epithelium, a structure supporting the lens
This presentation gives a brief idea about angle of anterior chamber along with its structures and diagnostic methods to grade and visualize the structures.
UVEA constitutes- middle vascular coat
• 3 parts- a)iris
b)ciliary body
c)choroid
• Developmentally,structurally and functionallyindivisible
• color varies from light blue to dark brown
EMBRYOLOGY
IRIS-
• Both layers of epithelium derived from
marginal region of optic cup (neuroectoderm)
• Sphincter and dilator pupillae- anterior
epithelium (neuroectoderm)
• Stroma and vessels- vascular mesoderm
anatomyofuvea , iris , ciliary body , choroidssuserde6356
The iris consists of two layers: the front pigmented fibrovascular layer known as a stroma and, beneath the stroma, pigmented epithelial cells.
The stroma is connected to a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil in a circular motion, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae), which pull the iris radially to enlarge the pupil, pulling it in folds.
The iris (brown coloured portion of the eye) controls the size of the pupil by contracting the sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae muscles
The sphincter pupillae is the opposing muscle of the dilator pupillae. The pupil's diameter, and thus the inner border of the iris, changes size when constricting or dilating. The outer border of the iris does not change size. The constricting muscle is located on the inner border.
The back surface is covered by a heavily pigmented epithelial layer that is two cells thick (the iris pigment epithelium), but the front surface has no epithelium. This anterior surface projects as the dilator muscles. The high pigment content blocks light from passing through the iris to the retina, restricting it to the pupil.[3] The outer edge of the iris, known as the root, is attached to the sclera and the anterior ciliary body. The iris and ciliary body together are known as the anterior uvea. Just in front of the root of the iris is the region referred to as the trabecular meshwork, through which the aqueous humour constantly drains out of the eye, with the result that diseases of the iris often have important effects on intraocular pressure and indirectly on vision. The iris along with the anterior ciliary body provide a secondary pathway for aqueous humour to drain from the eye.
The iris is divided into two major regions:
The pupillary zone is the inner region whose edge forms the boundary of the pupil.
The ciliary zone is the rest of the iris that extends to its origin at the ciliary body.
For this slide, i have done very hard work. This anatomy has been presented in a very simple way. The video of this slide is available on youtube as well. You can search with my name in utube. Thank u.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. INTRODUCTION
• UVEA constitutes- middle vascular coat
• 3 parts- a)iris
b)ciliary
body
c)choroid
• Developmentally,structurally and
functionally- indivisible
• color varies from light blue to dark brown
SathwaraSharvil
3. EMBRYOLOGY
CILIARY BODY
• Both Epithelium from neuroectoderm
• Ciliary processes from ciliary
epithelium
• Stroma and blood vessels –
mesoderm
9TH WEEK GESTATION- ciliary
SathwaraSharvil
5. CILIARY BODY
• Forward continuation of choroid at ora serrata
• Triangular in cut section, ant side of its form part of
angle , in middle attached to iris and outer part lies
against sclera
• Triangle – two parts
a)Anterior part- ciliary processes (pars plicata) 2-
2.5mm
b)Posterior part- smooth (pars plana) 5mm wide
temporally & 3mm nasally
MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
1.SUPRACILIARY LAMINA- outermost part
Consist of pigmented collagen fibres
Posteriorly continuation of suprachoroidal lamina,
ant continous with anterior limiting membrane
SathwaraSharvil
7. 2.STROMA-
Consists
Ciliary muscle- non striated, triangular in cut
section, 3 parts
Longitudnal/meridional fibres- origin from
scleral spur, inserts into suprachoroidal
lamina
Circular fibres- in inner portion, nearest to lens
Radial fibres- obliquely placed
Actions - slacken suspensory ligament thus
helps in accomodation
circular fibres- directly as sphincter
nerve supply- parasym. fibres from ciliary
ganglion
SathwaraSharvil
8. Vascular stroma- major arterial circle lies
Formed by anastomosis of long and short
PCA
Supplies iris and ciliary body
3)Layer of pigmented epithelium-
forward continuation of RPE
Anteriorly continues to pigmented epithelium
of iris
4)Layer of non pigmented epithelium-
forward continuation of sensory retina
Continues anteriorly with pigmented
epithelium of iris
5)Internal limiting membrane-lines NPE
Frwd continuation of internal limiting
membrane of retina SathwaraSharvil
9. CILIARY PROCESSES
• Finger like projections from pars plicata
• 70-80 in number, 2mm long 0.5mm
diameter
• Site of aqueous production
ULTRASTRUCTURE
1)Network of capillaries- in the centre
• Has endothelium with fenestrae
2)Stroma of ciliary processes- thin,
separates capillaries from epithelium
3)Epithelium-two layered with apical
SathwaraSharvil
11. FUNCTIONS OF CILIARY BODY
• Site of aqueous humour production
• Maintenance of IOP
• Constitutes blood aqueous barrier
• Accommodation
• Eicosanoids are synthesised in ciliary
body
SathwaraSharvil
12. BLOOD SUPPLY UVEAL TRACT
1.SHORT POSTERIOR CILIARY ARTERIES
• Branches of ophthalmic artery
• Divides into 10-20 branches, pierce sclera around optic nerve
• Supply choroid in segmental manner
2) LONG POSTERIOR CILIARY ARTERIES
• Two in number- nasal and temporal
• Pierce sclera
• Anastomose with anterior ciliary arteries- form major arterial
circle supply ciliary body
3)ANTERIOR CILIARY ARTERIES
• From muscular arteries
• 7 in number
• 2 each SR,IR,MR and 1 from LR
• Anastomse with LPCA
• Circulous arterious major and minor
SathwaraSharvil
16. VENOUS DRAINAGE
1)Anterior ciliary veins- tributaries of
muscular veins
2)Smaller veins from sclera- carry
blood only from sclera and not from
choroid
3)Vena verticosae- 4 in
no. Drain whole of
choroid
SathwaraSharvil
