Eye development begins at 3 weeks in the embryo and continues through 10 weeks. Cells from both mesodermal and ectodermal tissues contribute to eye formation, with the eye derived from neuroepithelium surface ectoderm and extracellular mesenchyme. The major eye structures including the retina, lens, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, and optic nerve are developed from the optic vesicle, lens placode, and surrounding mesenchyme between 3-10 weeks of gestation.

1. PRESENTED BY
Payal Sahu, Bikrant yadav,
Omprakash, Dhaneshwar, Nadeem
B.Optometry 2017 batch
ITM University Naya Raipur, C.G.

2. Eye formation in the human embryo begins
at approximiately three weeks into
embryonic development and continues
through the tenth week
cells from both the mesodermal and the
ectodermal tissues contribute to the
formation of the eye
specially,the eye is derived from the
neuroepithelium surface ectoderm and the
extracellular mesenchyme

3. INTRODUCTION OF EMBRYOLOGY
 The development of eye ball can be considered
to commence around day 22 when the embryo
has eight pairs of somites and is around 2mm in
length.

4. The eye ball and its related structure
derived following primordia.
Optic vesicle:-outer growth form
prosencephalon (a neuroectodermal
structure)
Lens placode:- a specilised area of surface
ectoderm.
Mesenchyme:-surrounding the optic
vessels

6. The area of neural plate which forms the
 procencephalon
develops a linear thickened area on either
side(which soon becomes depressed to
form optic sulcus)
Meanwhile neural plate gets converted into
prosencephalic vesicle

7. As the optic sulcus deepens,the wall of the
prosencephalon overlying the sulcus
buldge out to form the Optic vesicle.
The proximal part of the vesicle becomes
constricted and elongated to form the optic
stalk.

9. The optic vesicle grows laterally and
comes in contact with the surface
ectoderm.
The surface ectoderm,overlying the optic
vesicle becomes thickened to from the
lens placode which sinks below the
surface and converted into the lens
vesicle.
It is soon separateed from the surface
ectoderm at 33rd day of gestation.

11. The optic vesicle converted into double-
layered optic cup
This happened because the devloping lens
is invaginated it self into the optic vesicle
Infactact the conversion of the optic vesicle
to the optic cup is due to differential growth
of the walls of the vesicle

13. The developing neural tissue(from which
central nervous system develop) is
surrounding by mesenchyme, subsequently
condenses to form meninges
An extension of this mesenchyme also
covers the optic vesicle

14. DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS OCULAR
STRUCTURE
• Retina:-
• Retina is developed from the two walls of
the optic cup, namely:
a) nervous retina from the inner wall
b) pigment epithelium from the outer wall

15. It develops in the framework of optic stalk
as below:
Fibres from the nerve fibre layer of retina
grow into optic stalk by passing the
choroidal fissure and form the optic nerve
fibres
The neuroectodermal cells forming the
walls of optic stalk develop into glial
system of the nerve

16. The crystalline lens is developed from the
surface ectoderm as below:
Lens placode & lens vesicle formation
1.Primary lens fibres:
The cells of posterior wall of lens vesicle
elongate rapidly to form the primary lens
fibres, which obliterate the cavity of lens
vesicle

17.  2.Secondary lens fibres
• Are formed equatorial cells of anterior
epithelium which remain active
throughout life.
• Since the secondary lens fibres are laid
down concentrically,the lens on section
has laminated apperance

18. 1.Epithelium is formed the surface ectoderm
2.Other layer viz,endothelium,descemets
membrane,stroma,Duas layer & bowmans
layer are derived from the fibrous layer of
mesenchyme lying anterior to the optic cup
SCLERA
Sclera is developed from the fibrous layer
of mesenchyme surrounding the optic cup

20. It is derived from the inner vascular layer
of mesenchyme that surround the optic
cup
CILIARY BODY
The two layers of epithelium of ciliary body
develop from the anterior part of two layers
of optic cup.
Stroma of ciliary body, ciliary muscles and
blood vessels are developed from
mesenchyme surrounding the optic cup.

21. Both layer of epithelium are derived from
the marginal region of optic cup
(neuroectodermal)
Sphincter & dilator pupillae muscles are
derived from the anterior epithelium
(neuroectoderm)
Stroma & blood vessels of the iris develop
from the vascular mesenchyme present
anterior to the optic cup

22.  Anatomy & physiology of Eye by A.K.
khurana,indu khurana(2006 edition)
 www.slideshare.net /Anatomy &
pysiology of Embryology of the Eye by
Dr.Bushra a/Rahman
 images from www.google.com/eyes