Vitamins are organic compounds that organisms require in small amounts but cannot synthesize themselves. They must be obtained through diet. Vitamins are essential for many functions in the body like vision, bone growth, blood clotting, and protecting cells. Common vitamins include A, D, E, K, and B vitamins. Deficiencies can cause diseases like scurvy, rickets, beriberi, and pellagra with symptoms like weakness, skin issues, and mental conditions.

2. VITAMINS
A vitamin is an organic compound and a vital nutrient that
an organism requires in limited amounts. An organic chemical compound
is called a vitamin when the organism cannot synthesize the compound in
sufficient quantities, and it must be obtained through the diet; thus, the
term "vitamin" is conditional upon the circumstances and the particular
organism. For example, ascorbic acid (one form of vitamin C) is a vitamin
for humans, but not for most other animal organisms. Supplementation is
important for the treatment of certain health problems, but there is little
evidence of nutritional benefit when used by otherwise healthy people.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS

4. Vitamin
Name
Function Dietary Sources
Vitamin A Vitamin A helps with
healthy mucous
membranes and skin,
vision, tooth and bone
growth and the health of
the immune system.
From retinol (animal sources): liver, eggs,
fortified margarine, butter, cream,
cheese, fortified milk.
From plant sources (beta-carotene): dark
orange vegetables (pumpkin, sweet
potatoes, winter squash, carrots) and
fruits (cantaloupe, apricots); dark
green leafy vegetables.
Vitamin K Vitamin K is required for
correct blood clotting.
Vegetables from the cabbage family,
leafy green vegetables, milk; it is also
produced in the intestinal tract by the
bacteria.
Vitamin E Vitamin E is an antioxidant
and helps protect the cell
walls.
Nuts and seeds, egg yolks, liver,
whole-grain products, wheat germ,
leafy green vegetables and
polyunsaturated plant oils (safflower,
cottonseed, corn, soybean).
Vitamin D Vitamin D is stored in the
bones and is required to
properly absorb calcium.
Fortified margarine, fortified milk, fatty
fish, liver, egg yolks; the skin can also
produce vitamin D when it is exposed

5. DEFICIENCY IF VITAMINS
Beriberi
Beriberi is a disease whose symptoms include weight
loss, body weakness and pain, brain damage, irregular
heart rate, heart failure, and death if left untreated
Pellagra
Symptoms included diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and
finally death. Many people believed that corn was in
some way toxic, but could not explain the lack of
pellagra among native New Worlders. .
Biotin Deficiency
It causes rashes, hair loss, anaemia, and mental
conditions including hallucinations, drowsiness, and
depression

6. Scurvy
Scurvy causes lethargy, skin spots, bleeding
gums, loss of teeth, fever,
Rickets
Rickets causes muscles and bones to become soft,
which can cause permanent deformities in children. It
is most common in children and infant. Rickets is
caused by a lack of vitamin D or of calcium. Vitamin D
is required for calcium to be properly absorbed into
bones to strengthen them
Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin K is found chiefly in leafy green vegetables,
although human gut bacteria help produce it in
humans. Newborns have not yet developed gut
bacteria which is why they are so prone to deficiencies

7. THANK YOU
SARANYA.S
NATURAL
SCIENCE
PEET MEMORIAL
TRAINING
COLLEGE
MAVELIKKARA