The document contains graphs and charts showing data related to mobile phone ownership in European countries between 1995 and 2000. Generally, the number of mobile phone owners increased over the five years in all countries. The UK had the most owners in 1995 and saw growth to 12 million by 2000, while Germany had the second highest number growing to 14 million owners. Other countries like Italy, France and Sweden also saw dramatic growth. While some smaller countries saw slight growth, Spain saw rapid growth to 5 million owners by 2000. In conclusion, there was significant growth in mobile phone ownership across European countries between 1995 and 2000.

1. GRAPHS
0
5
10
15
20
25
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
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2nd
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VH Warehouse Ltd
45%
25%
15%
15%
Purchasing
Marketing
Administration
Entertainment
BAR CHART
PIE CHART
LINE CHART
European Advertising Spending 1996 – 1999 (US$ billions)
Germany UK France Spain
1996
1997
1998
1999
16
17
23
25
14
15
17
19
9
10
11
12
3
3
4
5
TABLE

2. Mobile phone Owner Growth
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
UK Germany Italy Sweden France Finland Norway Denmark Spain
Owners 1995
Owners 2000
Millions

3. The graph illustrates the information on the growing number of
mobile phone owners in Europe between 1995 and 2000. The
European countries are the
UK, Germany, Italy, Sweden, France, Finland, Norway, Denmark and
Spain.
Generally speaking, the number of mobile phone owners increased
over the five years. The first five countries had shown a rapid increase
by year 2000 and the last four countries had shown a slight increase
except for Spain. Spain had showed a dramatic increase over the five
years.
The UK had the most mobile phone owners in 1995 (just over 4
millions) and the figure increased to 12 million in 2000.
Meanwhile, there were 4 million owners in Germany in 1995 but there
was a dramatic increase to a peak of 14 million which was the highest
number in 2000. The other countries like Italy, Sweden, and France had
a dramatic increase to more than 6 million owners. The figure in
Finland, Norway, Denmark and Spain was almost the same at around 1
million in 1995. The number of mobile phone owners rose slightly to 2
million owners in 2000 except for Spain which had a rapid increase to 5
million owners in 2000.
As a conclusion, there was a significant mobile phone owner
growth in the European countries in 2000. Each country had an
increase.

4. 1. INTRODUCING THE TOPIC
Beginning Middle Time
The graph shows…….
The graph illustrates…..
From the graph we can see….
From the graph we can observe…………
From the graph we can understand………
The graph displays
the information on
how …… changed
over ……. years
over ….. period
between…and…

5. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Owners 1995
Owners 2000
-The graph illustrates/shows the information on the growing number
of mobile phone owners in Europe between 1995 and 2000.
- From the graph we can see/observe/understand how the number
of mobile phone owners in Europe changed over 5 years.
Mobile phone Owner Growth
Millions

6. Practice
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Companyyears
NumberofemployeesNumberofEmployees

7. Practice
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60
80
100
120
140
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2nd
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VH Warehouse Ltd
SALES

8. Practice
Supermarkets built
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

9. Practice
0
100
200
300
400
500
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Time
Numberofpeopleata
Londonstation

10. Sales in Percentage terms for TewkesMart
20
20
20
13
10
17
Electical Goods
Computer
Hardware
Toys
Food
Clothes
Others

11. European Advertising Spending 1996 – 1999 (US$ billions)
Germany UK France Spain
1996
1997
1998
1999
16
17
23
25
14
15
17
19
9
10
11
12
3
3
4
5

12. 2.GENERAL TREND
General Trends are the general changes or
movements in facts and figures over a period of
time.
It usually uses linking words like:
-In general
-In overall
-Generally speaking

13. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Owners 1995
Owners 2000
Mobile phone Owner Growth
Millions
Generally speaking, the number of mobile phone
owners increased over the five years. The first five
countries had shown a rapid increase by year
2000 and the last four countries had shown a
slight increase except for Spain. Spain had shown
a dramatic increase over the five years.

14. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Instantaneous increase
Increase instantaneously
Very rapid
sudden
increase
rise
Increase
Rise
quickly
dramatically
rapidly
suddenly
Rapid
Strong
Marked
Increase
Rise
Increase
Rise
rapidly
strongly
quickly
dramaticallySteady
Moderate
Gradual
Increase
Rise
Increase
Rise
steadily
moderately
gradually
Slight
Gentle
Small
Slow
increase
rise
Increase
Rise
slightly
gently
a little
a bit
Very slight increase
rise
Increase
Rise
very slightly

15. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2002 2003 2004
A sharp fall
Fall sharply

16. 0
5
10
15
20
25
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Fluctuate
Fluctuate upwards
A gradual increase
A slow fluctuation
Increase gradually

17. 0
5
10
15
20
25
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Remain stable
Remain stagnant

18. 0
5
10
15
20
25
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
A slow decrease
A gentle decrease
A slight decrease

19. Generally speaking,
In general,
In overall,
the number of…
increased…
decreased…
fell…
fluctuated…
remained stable/stagnant
had shown
a … increase
a….decrease
a….fall
a….fluctuation

20. PRACTICE
Make a general trend for the following charts.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Companyyears
Numberofemployees
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1st
Qtr
2nd
Qtr
3rd
Qtr
4th
Qtr
1999
1st
Qtr
2nd
Qtr
3rd
Qtr
4th
Qtr
2000
1st
Qtr
2nd
Qtr
3rd
Qtr
4th
Qtr
2001
VH Warehouse Ltd
Supermarkets built
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
0
100
200
300
400
500
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Time
Numberofpeopleata
Londonstation
Sales in Percentage terms for TewkesMart
20
20
20
13
10
17
Electical Goods
Computer
Hardware
Toys
Food
Clothes
Others

21. All Almost
all
Just
over
3/4
¾
(Most of…./
majority/
a large portion
Just
over
half
75%80%
Half
Almost
half
¼
a few/
a minority/
a small portion
Almost
nearly
None

22. DETAILS
It should contain depth description of the data
that expands the general trend that has been
stated in the previous part. But the
information presented should be effectively
organized in order to preclude too much
unnecessary information described. So it is
important to select the appropriate details
and organize the material in a relevant way.
The way can be stated as GROUPING
INFORMATION.

23. Consider what the graph shows and think about the
vocabulary and tenses we will use in describing it.
Select significant features of the graph (overall) to tell
about.
Note some points
Consider the comparison we will make
Think about a final point

24. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Owners 1995
Owners 2000
Millions
Mobile phone Owner Growth
The UK had the most mobile phone owners in 1995 (just over 4 million)
and the figure increased to 12 million in 2000. Meanwhile, there were 4
million owners in Germany in 1995 but there was a dramatic increase to
a peak of 14 million which was the highest number in 2000. The other
countries like Italy, Sweden, and France had a dramatic increase to more
than 6 million owners. The figure in Finland, Norway, Denmark and Spain
was almost the same at around 1 million in 1995. The number of mobile
phone owners rose slightly to 2 million owners in 2000 except for Spain
which had a rapid increase to 5 million owners in 2000.

25. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Average Book Price in Pound sterling
In 1990 the price of children’s book was the cheapest.
On the other hand, the price of scientific book was the highest/the most expensive.
In 1994 the price of scientific book was cheaper than it was in 1993.
The children’s book price in 1991 was as expensive as it was in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995.
Like the school text book’s price, the academic book’s price also increased rapidly.

26. COMPARING DATA
To contrast To compare
While/Whilst
Whereas
Meanwhile
However
On the other hand
Even so
Nevertheless
Less…than (less than)
Little less than
More than
Different from
Although
In contrast to
Conversely
Opposite
Unlike
Likewise
Similarly
As..as
Just as
In the same way
Like
Alike
To reflect
To mirror
To have in common
Lower/Higher than
The most/the lowest/the highest

27. Annual Sales of hamburgers
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
From January to June, the sales were fairly constant at around 1800 to 1950
hamburger sales but they were slightly lower during April and may. After
June, there was a dramatic increase to a peak of 3000 in August. Then sales
declined sharply to a low point of 1300 in October. Afterwards, the sales
increased gradually between October and December from 1300 to 1800.
Finally, the sales picked up to finish the years at around 1700.

28. Expressions
VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB NOUN
Rise
Increase
Decrease
Decline
Fall
Reach
Drop (off)
Fluctuate
Pick up
Peak
Go up
Go down
Climb
Boom
Dip
Slump
Reduce
Stand at
Sudden, Rapid, Gentle,
Gradual, Stagnant, Mar
ked, Obvious, Sharp, Dr
amatic, Considerable, S
light,
Slow, Sharp, Dramatic,
Relative, Huge,
Enormous, Steep
Substantial, Significant
Moderate, Minimal
Quick, Swift, Sudden
Steady, Gradual
Quickly
Rapidly
Steadily
Slowly
Gently
Suddenly
Gradually
Slightly
Respectively (in the same order)
Sharply
Dramatically
Considerably
Relatively
Increase
Fall
Decrease
Decline
Fluctuation
Drop
Rise
Peak/dip
Trough
Plateau
A low point
Growth
An upward trend
A boom
A slump
(a dramatic fall)

29. 0
5
10
15
20
25
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Reach a peak

30. To be stagnant
Remain steady
Shoot up
Level rocket
Fluctuate between
Fluctuate upwards
Fall a trough
Fall to (it’s) lowest level
Level out
Remain steady
At a steady level
Remain the same
Reach a plateau
Remain stable
Remain constant
Stay constant
Reach a peak
Hit/fall to the lowest point
Did not change
Maintain the same level

31. PRACTICE
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Companyyears
Numberofemployees

32. PRACTICE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1st
Qtr
2nd
Qtr
3rd
Qtr
4th
Qtr
1999
1st
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2nd
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3rd
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4th
Qtr
2000
1st
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2nd
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3rd
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4th
Qtr
2001
VH Warehouse Ltd

33. PRACTICE
Supermarkets built
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

34. PRACTICE
0
100
200
300
400
500
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Time
Numberofpeopleata
Londonstation

35. PRACTICE
Sales in Percentage terms for TewkesMart
20
20
20
13
10
17
Electical Goods
Computer
Hardware
Toys
Food
Clothes
Others

36. 4. CONCLUSION
In summary
As a conclusion
Generally speaking
1. The conclusion rephrases sentences which are already
described in the general trend.
2. The superlative adjectives (the highest, the lowest, etc.)
are usually used.
3. The suggestion or prediction might be included in the
conclusion.

37. 100% I’m sure/certain that the share prices will (definitely)
rise
75%
It’s likely that the share prices will increase
50%
Share prices should increase
Share prices may/might increase
25%
It’s (very) unlikely that share prices will increase
Share prices are unlikely to increase
0%
I’m sure/certain that the share prices (definitely)
won’t increase

38. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
UK Germany Italy Sweden France Finland Norway Denmark Spain
Owners 1995
Owners 2000
Mobile phone Owner Growth
Millions
As a conclusion, there was a significant
mobile phone owner growth in the
European countries in 2000. Each
country had an increase.

39. A COMPLETE VISUAL PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION:
WELCOMING THE AUDIENCE
INTRODUCING THE PRESENTER
BODY:
INTRODUCING TOPIC
DESCRIBING GENERAL TREND
DETAILS
CONCLUSION

40. INTRODUCTION
WELCOMING THE AUDIENCE
Good morning ladies and gentlemen
Good morning everybody
Hello/hi everyone (informal)
Welcome to…
It’s very nice to see you all today
First of all let me thank you all for coming here today
It’s a pleasure to welcome you today
It’s good to see you all here (informal)

41. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCING THE PRESENTER
My name is Jane Shaw. I’m responsible for travel
arrangements
For those who don’t know me, my name is…
As you know I’m in charge of public relation (informal)
I’m the new marketing manager
Let me introduce myself. I’m Dave Andrew from…
As probably you know, I’m the new HR manager
(informal)
I’m head of logistic here at Air Spares
I’m here in my function as the Head of Controlling
Let me just start by introducing myself. My name is…