Virtualization support by intel
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Before 1998, it was impossible to virtualize Intel x86 systems. VMware introduced a technique called binary translation. In 2006, Intel introduced VT-x virtualization technology for x86. This was hardware support for virtualization by Intel. This presentation discusses what kind of support does Intel provides for virtualization in detail. It also discusses different implementation techniques in brief.
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Virtualization support by intel
- 1. Virtualization Support by Intel Inzemamul Haque 20 Feb 2015
- 2. History • Virtual Machine concept introduced by IBM in late 1960s.
- 3. History • Virtual Machine concept introduced by IBM in late 1960s. • It was difficult for Intel x86 to virtualize because it was not satisfying the constraints
- 4. Problem in Intel x86 Hardware
- 5. Problem in Intel x86 Hardware Operating System Kernel User Applications
- 6. Different techniques before Virtualization Support by Hardware • Binary Translation
- 7. Different techniques before Virtualization Support by Hardware • Binary Translation • Paravirtualization or OS assisted virtualization
- 10. Hardware Support – Bird’s-eye View • In 2006, Intel introduced VT-x Hardware OS User Applications VMM
- 11. Hardware Support – Bird’s-eye View • In 2006, Intel introduced VT-x Hardware OS User Applications VMM VMX Root Mode VMX Non-Root Mode
- 12. VT-x Operating Modes • Set of processor operations called VMX operations
- 13. VT-x Operating Modes • Set of processor operations called VMX operations • Two kinds of VMX operation
- 14. VT-x Operating Modes • Set of processor operations called VMX operations • Two kinds of VMX operation • VMX root operation • Fully privileged, generally for VMM
- 15. VT-x Operating Modes • Set of processor operations called VMX operations • Two kinds of VMX operation • VMX root operation • Fully privileged, generally for VMM • VMX non-root operation • Not fully privileged, generally for guest • Reduces the privilege of guest software developed to operate in ring 0
- 16. VM Entry and Exit • Two types of transitions
- 17. VM Entry and Exit • Two types of transitions • VM entry • Transition from VM root operation to VM non root operation • Loads guest state from VMCS • Stores VMM state to VMCS
- 18. VM Entry and Exit • Two types of transitions • VM entry • Transition from VM root operation to VM non root operation • Loads guest state from VMCS • Stores VMM state to VMCS • VM exit • Transition from VM non-root operation to VM root operation • Stores guest state to VMCS • Loads VMM state from VMCS
- 19. VM Entry and Exit Guest 0 Guest 1 VMM VMXON VMXOFF VM EntryVM Exit VM Exit Picture: Copied from Intel Manual Sept 2014
- 20. Virtual Machine Control Structure • Control Structures stored in memory
- 21. Virtual Machine Control Structure • Control Structures stored in memory • One VMCS active per virtual processor at a time
- 22. Virtual Machine Control Structure • Control Structures stored in memory • One VMCS active per virtual processor at a time • Stores guest state, host state, VMX controls and VM-exit information
- 23. VM Exits in VMX Non-Root Operation • Some instructions cause VM-exit unconditionally • e.g. CPUID, INVD, XSETBV, INVEPT, VMCLEAR, VMLAUNCH, etc.
- 24. VM Exits in VMX Non-Root Operation • Some instructions cause VM-exit unconditionally • e.g. CPUID, INVD, XSETBV, INVEPT, VMCLEAR, VMLAUNCH, etc. • Some instructions cause VM-exit conditionally based on VM- execution control settings in VMCS • e.g. HLT, INVLPG, MONITOR, VMREAD, etc.
- 25. VM Exits in VMX Non-Root Operation • Some instructions cause VM-exit unconditionally • e.g. CPUID, INVD, XSETBV, INVEPT, VMCLEAR, VMLAUNCH, etc. • Some instructions cause VM-exit conditionally based on VM- execution control settings in VMCS • e.g. HLT, INVLPG, MONITOR, VMREAD, etc. • Exceptions
- 26. VM Exits in VMX Non-Root Operation • Some instructions cause VM-exit unconditionally • e.g. CPUID, INVD, XSETBV, INVEPT, VMCLEAR, VMLAUNCH, etc. • Some instructions cause VM-exit conditionally based on VM- execution control settings in VMCS • e.g. HLT, INVLPG, MONITOR, VMREAD, etc. • Exceptions • Triple Faults
- 27. VM Exits in VMX Non-Root Operation • Some instructions cause VM-exit unconditionally • e.g. CPUID, INVD, XSETBV, INVEPT, VMCLEAR, VMLAUNCH, etc. • Some instructions cause VM-exit conditionally based on VM- execution control settings in VMCS • e.g. HLT, INVLPG, MONITOR, VMREAD, etc. • Exceptions • Triple Faults • External Interrupts
- 28. VM Exits in VMX Non-Root Operation • Some instructions cause VM-exit unconditionally • e.g. CPUID, INVD, XSETBV, INVEPT, VMCLEAR, VMLAUNCH, etc. • Some instructions cause VM-exit conditionally based on VM- execution control settings in VMCS • e.g. HLT, INVLPG, MONITOR, VMREAD, etc. • Exceptions • Triple Faults • External Interrupts • Non-Maskable Interrupts
- 29. VM Exits in VMX Non-Root Operation • Some instructions cause VM-exit unconditionally • e.g. CPUID, INVD, XSETBV, INVEPT, VMCLEAR, VMLAUNCH, etc. • Some instructions cause VM-exit conditionally based on VM- execution control settings in VMCS • e.g. HLT, INVLPG, MONITOR, VMREAD, etc. • Exceptions • Triple Faults • External Interrupts • Non-Maskable Interrupts and more…
- 30. References • Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual Volume 3 • Understanding Intel Virtualization Technology (Power point presentation) by Narendar B. Sahgal and Dion Rodgers • Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization and Hardware-assist by VMware