The document discusses virtualization techniques used in KVM. It describes how KVM uses shadow page tables to virtualize memory management. The shadow page tables allow virtual addresses used by a guest OS to be translated to physical addresses on the host machine. Different techniques for implementing shadow page tables are described, including pre-validation of guest page tables and using a virtual translation lookaside buffer to cache translations.
Scheduler Support for Video-oriented Multimedia on Client-side VirtualizationHwanju Kim
Hwanju Kim, Jinkyu Jeong, Jaeho Hwang, Joonwon Lee, and Seungryoul Maeng, “Scheduler Support for Video-oriented Multimedia on Client-side Virtualization”, ACM Multimedia Systems (MMSys), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, Feb. 2012.
OS vs. VMM provides an overview of the similarities and differences between operating systems (OS) and virtual machine monitors (VMM). Both OS and VMM abstract hardware resources, but VMM provides virtualization while OS provides abstraction. Nested virtualization further complicates resource management by adding additional layers of indirection. Key issues in virtualization include trapping privileged OS operations, scheduling virtual CPUs, managing virtual memory translations, and achieving high performance I/O.
Building a KVM-based Hypervisor for a Heterogeneous System Architecture Compl...Hann Yu-Ju Huang
This document discusses building a KVM-based hypervisor that can virtualize the key features of Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) for a compliant system. It describes HSA features like shared virtual memory, I/O page faulting, and user-level queueing. It then outlines the design of virtualizing these features through techniques like VirtIO-KFD for queues, shadow page tables for shared memory, and shadow PPR interrupts for page faults. Evaluation shows the hypervisor approach incurs average performance overhead of 5% for GPU execution compared to native execution.
This document discusses I/O virtualization and GPU virtualization. It covers:
- Two approaches to I/O virtualization: hosted and device driver approaches. Hosted has lower engineering cost but lower performance.
- Methods to optimize para-virtualized I/O including split-driver models, reducing data copy costs, and hardware supports like IOMMU and SR-IOV.
- Challenges of GPU virtualization including whether to take a low-level virtualization or high-level API remoting approach. API remoting is preferred due to closed and evolving GPU hardware.
- Hardware pass-through of GPUs for high performance but low scalability. Industry solutions for remote desktop
The document discusses the history and usage of virtualization technology, provides an overview of CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization, compares the Xen and KVM virtualization architectures, and describes some Intel work to support virtualization in OpenStack including the Open Attestation service.
This document discusses full virtualization techniques. It defines full virtualization as simulating hardware to allow any OS to run unmodified in a virtual machine. It describes the challenges of virtualizing the x86 architecture and how binary translation is used to allow guest OSes to run at a higher privilege level. The document outlines hosted and bare-metal virtualization architectures and their pros and cons. It provides examples of using full virtualization for desktop and server virtualization/cloud computing. It also gives steps to implement hosted full virtualization using Oracle VM VirtualBox on Windows 7.
This document discusses CPU virtualization and scheduling techniques. It covers topics such as deprivileging the operating system, virtualization-unfriendly architectures like x86, hardware-assisted virtualization using VMX mode, and proportional-share scheduling. It also summarizes research on improving VM scheduling by making it task-aware to prioritize I/O-bound tasks and correlate I/O events with tasks to boost their performance while maintaining inter-VM fairness. The document provides historical context on the evolution of virtualization technologies and research challenges in building lightweight and intelligent VMM schedulers.
Introduction to Virtualization, Virsh and Virt-Managerwalkerchang
Virtualization allows for the abstraction and sharing of computer hardware resources like CPU, memory, storage and network capacity. The document introduces virtualization concepts and the tools KVM, Virsh and Virt-manager. It provides documentation on Virsh commands to manage domains (VMs), interfaces and networks. These include commands to define, start, suspend, resume VMs and interfaces, as well as take and restore VM snapshots to revert states. Managing VMs, interfaces and networks with Virsh commands allows administrators to efficiently share hardware resources across VMs.
Scheduler Support for Video-oriented Multimedia on Client-side VirtualizationHwanju Kim
Hwanju Kim, Jinkyu Jeong, Jaeho Hwang, Joonwon Lee, and Seungryoul Maeng, “Scheduler Support for Video-oriented Multimedia on Client-side Virtualization”, ACM Multimedia Systems (MMSys), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, Feb. 2012.
OS vs. VMM provides an overview of the similarities and differences between operating systems (OS) and virtual machine monitors (VMM). Both OS and VMM abstract hardware resources, but VMM provides virtualization while OS provides abstraction. Nested virtualization further complicates resource management by adding additional layers of indirection. Key issues in virtualization include trapping privileged OS operations, scheduling virtual CPUs, managing virtual memory translations, and achieving high performance I/O.
Building a KVM-based Hypervisor for a Heterogeneous System Architecture Compl...Hann Yu-Ju Huang
This document discusses building a KVM-based hypervisor that can virtualize the key features of Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) for a compliant system. It describes HSA features like shared virtual memory, I/O page faulting, and user-level queueing. It then outlines the design of virtualizing these features through techniques like VirtIO-KFD for queues, shadow page tables for shared memory, and shadow PPR interrupts for page faults. Evaluation shows the hypervisor approach incurs average performance overhead of 5% for GPU execution compared to native execution.
This document discusses I/O virtualization and GPU virtualization. It covers:
- Two approaches to I/O virtualization: hosted and device driver approaches. Hosted has lower engineering cost but lower performance.
- Methods to optimize para-virtualized I/O including split-driver models, reducing data copy costs, and hardware supports like IOMMU and SR-IOV.
- Challenges of GPU virtualization including whether to take a low-level virtualization or high-level API remoting approach. API remoting is preferred due to closed and evolving GPU hardware.
- Hardware pass-through of GPUs for high performance but low scalability. Industry solutions for remote desktop
The document discusses the history and usage of virtualization technology, provides an overview of CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization, compares the Xen and KVM virtualization architectures, and describes some Intel work to support virtualization in OpenStack including the Open Attestation service.
This document discusses full virtualization techniques. It defines full virtualization as simulating hardware to allow any OS to run unmodified in a virtual machine. It describes the challenges of virtualizing the x86 architecture and how binary translation is used to allow guest OSes to run at a higher privilege level. The document outlines hosted and bare-metal virtualization architectures and their pros and cons. It provides examples of using full virtualization for desktop and server virtualization/cloud computing. It also gives steps to implement hosted full virtualization using Oracle VM VirtualBox on Windows 7.
This document discusses CPU virtualization and scheduling techniques. It covers topics such as deprivileging the operating system, virtualization-unfriendly architectures like x86, hardware-assisted virtualization using VMX mode, and proportional-share scheduling. It also summarizes research on improving VM scheduling by making it task-aware to prioritize I/O-bound tasks and correlate I/O events with tasks to boost their performance while maintaining inter-VM fairness. The document provides historical context on the evolution of virtualization technologies and research challenges in building lightweight and intelligent VMM schedulers.
Introduction to Virtualization, Virsh and Virt-Managerwalkerchang
Virtualization allows for the abstraction and sharing of computer hardware resources like CPU, memory, storage and network capacity. The document introduces virtualization concepts and the tools KVM, Virsh and Virt-manager. It provides documentation on Virsh commands to manage domains (VMs), interfaces and networks. These include commands to define, start, suspend, resume VMs and interfaces, as well as take and restore VM snapshots to revert states. Managing VMs, interfaces and networks with Virsh commands allows administrators to efficiently share hardware resources across VMs.
Demand-Based Coordinated Scheduling for SMP VMsHwanju Kim
Hwanju Kim, Sangwook Kim, Jinkyu Jeong, Joonwon Lee, and Seungryoul Maeng, “Demand-Based Coordinated Scheduling for SMP VMs”, International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), Houston, Texas, USA, Mar. 2013.
The document summarizes Xen, an open source hypervisor, and its approach to virtualizing I/O. Xen uses a privileged "dom0" domain to control hardware access and export virtualized devices to other unprivileged domains. It implements I/O memory management through software techniques like grant tables and swiotlb, as well as emerging hardware support from AMD and Intel. Overall, Xen provides secure isolation of guest VMs while enabling high-performance shared access to physical hardware resources.
Hypervisors and Virtualization - VMware, Hyper-V, XenServer, and KVMvwchu
With co-presenter Maninder Singh, delivered a presentation about hypervisors and virtualization technology for an independent topic study project for the Operating System Design (EECS 4221) course at York University, Canada in October 2014.
Virtualization, briefly, is the separation of resources or requests for a service from the underlying physical delivery of that service. It is a concept in which access to a single underlying piece of hardware is coordinated so that multiple guest operating systems can share a single piece of hardware, with no guest operating system being aware that it is actually sharing anything at all.
This document provides an introduction to virtualization including:
1) The benefits of virtualization like efficient resource utilization and strong isolation between virtual machines.
2) A brief history of virtualization from the 1960s mainframe era to modern ubiquitous cloud computing.
3) Popular use cases of virtualization including cloud computing, virtual desktop infrastructure, and mobile virtualization.
4) Basic terminologies that distinguish type-1 and type-2 virtual machine monitors as well as full and para-virtualization methods.
CPU Scheduling for Virtual Desktop InfrastructureHwanju Kim
This document discusses CPU scheduling techniques for virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI). It proposes a demand-based coordinated scheduling approach for scheduling multithreaded workloads on multiprocessor virtual machines (VMs). The key points are:
1. Coordinated scheduling of sibling virtual CPUs (vCPUs) in a VM is needed to effectively schedule multithreaded workloads, as uncoordinated scheduling can reduce inter-thread communication performance.
2. A coordination space consisting of space (physical CPU assignment) and time (preemption policy) domains is defined to coordinate vCPU scheduling.
3. In the space domain, a load-conscious balance scheduling approach assigns sibling vCPUs across physical CPUs based
Live VM migration allows virtual machines to be relocated between physical hosts with little to no downtime. There are two main approaches: pre-copy migration copies memory contents iteratively with little downtime, while post-copy migration copies CPU states first and then memory pages on demand to reduce total migration time. Several research projects use live migration techniques to improve data center efficiency: LiteGreen saves energy by consolidating idle desktop VMs, Jettison uses partial VM migration for quick consolidation, and Kaleidoscope proposes VM state coloring to enable fast micro-elasticity through live cloning of warm VMs.
This document discusses memory management techniques in Xen virtualization. It covers:
1) Xen uses a buddy allocator to hand out frames to guests and tracks memory usage and types with reference counts and a frametable.
2) For paravirtualized guests, Xen uses PV pagetables where the guest manages a PFN to MFN table and Xen provides a shared MFN to PFN table and checks guest pagetable contents.
3) For hardware-assisted guests, Xen supplies a second set of pagetables describing the PFN to MFN translation and access restrictions, which the CPU applies along with the guest's pagetables.
Hardware support for virtualization originated in the 1970s with goals of running multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine. A key requirement was virtualization allowing equivalent execution of programs in a virtual environment as running natively. The x86 architecture posed challenges to virtualization due to sensitive instructions. Intel Virtualization Technology (VT-x) added hardware support for virtualization on x86 by introducing a new CPU operation mode called VMX non-root, and transitions between it and VMX root mode. This reduced the need for software emulation of sensitive instructions and improved virtualization performance.
The document discusses a framework for creating virtual machine monitors (VMMs) using hardware virtualization on x86 processors. It reviews x86 virtualization methods and Intel VT/AMD SVM extensions. The framework abstracts the complexities of directly using virtualization instructions, providing an easier API to develop type-II VMMs as Windows device drivers. It supports features like SMP, error reporting, and a plugin architecture. The goal is to simplify the creation of hypervisors for research and application development.
Hypervisors are a kind of software which runs different virtual systems called virtual machines on a single computer giving the view to guest running on each virtual machine that it is running on its own single computer. This presentation talks about hypervisors and different techniques of their implementation in brief.
This document summarizes a talk on redesigning Xen's memory sharing (grant) mechanism. It proposes moving grant-related hypercalls to guest domains to allow unilateral revocation of grants by domains and enable better reuse of grants. An evaluation shows the redesigned mechanism with grant reuse reduces overhead and improves I/O performance compared to the traditional approach.
Hyper-V High Availability and Live MigrationPaulo Freitas
This document provides an overview of a Microsoft Virtual Academy training program on Hyper-V virtualization. The program is split into two halves, with the first half covering topics like Hyper-V infrastructure, networking, storage, and management. The second half focuses on high availability, disaster recovery, and integrating Hyper-V with System Center. It also discusses capabilities like live migration, replication, clustering and improving application availability and redundancy through virtualization.
Yabusame: postcopy live migration for qemu/kvmIsaku Yamahata
Yabusame is a postcopy live migration technique for QEMU/KVM. It was developed by Isaku Yamahata of VALinux Systems Japan K.K. and Takahiro Hirofuchi of AIST. The project aims to improve live migration performance by allowing the guest VM to resume execution at the destination host before memory pages have been fully copied. This is achieved through asynchronous page fault handling during the postcopy phase. Evaluation shows the technique can improve CPU utilization and reduce total migration times compared to traditional precopy approaches. Future work includes upstream integration, support for KSM/THP, multithreading optimizations, and integration with management platforms like libvirt and OpenStack.
This document discusses the history and development of the Xen hypervisor project. It provides an overview of how paravirtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization have improved performance. It also examines how virtualization benefits security through policy enforcement and workload isolation. Network and memory management virtualization techniques are described that improve performance for virtual machines.
The document discusses virtualization and its implementation at GHCL Ltd's Sutrapada facility. It defines virtualization as creating virtual versions of operating systems, storage, and network resources. The goals of virtualization are to centralize administration, improve scalability and hardware utilization. Types of virtualization discussed include full, partial, and para virtualization. The document outlines how virtual machines are created, monitored, snapshotted, migrated, and used for failover. It provides an example virtualization implementation at GHCL including resource planning and allocation across three physical servers. Finally, it discusses desktop virtualization and its advantages over traditional desktop computing.
This document compares several hypervisors, including VMWare ESXi, Xen, KVM, and Microsoft Hyper-V. It classifies hypervisors as either monolithic or microlithic based on their kernel organization. It provides details on the architecture and components of VMWare ESXi, Xen, KVM, and Microsoft Hyper-V. It also summarizes the results of various performance tests conducted on these hypervisors for CPU, disk I/O, memory, and network I/O. In these tests, KVM generally had the best performance, while Xen showed relatively poorer performance.
Inroduction to Virtualization and Video Playback during a Live Migrated Virtual Machine hosting the server with its time analysis.
OS- Ubuntu
Hypervisor- KVM
The document discusses the Xen virtualization system. It begins by outlining the goals of Xen, which include running on commodity x86 hardware and operating systems without performance or functionality sacrifices, while allowing up to 100 virtual machine instances per server. It then describes Xen's design, which uses a thin hypervisor and paravirtualization to multiplex physical resources between guest operating systems. The document evaluates Xen's performance, finding it imposes small overhead and provides good isolation between virtual machines. It concludes that Xen is a promising virtualization platform and its development is ongoing.
Xen can run on ARM hardware by taking advantage of hardware virtualization extensions. It uses a single guest type that leverages para-virtualized interfaces for I/O without QEMU. The hypervisor code size is small at around 200,000 lines of code. Xen and Linux are bootable on ARMv7 hardware, and work is ongoing to support 64-bit ARMv8 guests. Challenges include cache coherency and interrupt handling, but the project aims to have full ARMv7 and increasing ARMv8 support in upcoming Xen releases.
This talk provides an overview of the Xen Project eco-system and its main use-cases in a number of important market segments: it covers server virtualization, cloud computing and embedded, automotive and related. Lars Kurth highlights why the Xen Project is relevant in these market segments: he provides an overview of the Xen Project's architecture, relevant existing functionality and ongoing and planned developments. To complement the picture, he covers open-source projects that are related to Xen and are of interest for these use-cases. Excellent Software security is key to all of these use-cases. Thus, Lars specifically covers the Xen Project's security features, track record and touches on the project's security practices. He concludes with a few resources that help you get started with the Xen Project and highlight Internship Programs which the project supports.
The talk was delivered at Root Linux Conference 2017. Learn more: http://linux.globallogic.com/materials. The video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjQnAIJji4k
Demand-Based Coordinated Scheduling for SMP VMsHwanju Kim
Hwanju Kim, Sangwook Kim, Jinkyu Jeong, Joonwon Lee, and Seungryoul Maeng, “Demand-Based Coordinated Scheduling for SMP VMs”, International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), Houston, Texas, USA, Mar. 2013.
The document summarizes Xen, an open source hypervisor, and its approach to virtualizing I/O. Xen uses a privileged "dom0" domain to control hardware access and export virtualized devices to other unprivileged domains. It implements I/O memory management through software techniques like grant tables and swiotlb, as well as emerging hardware support from AMD and Intel. Overall, Xen provides secure isolation of guest VMs while enabling high-performance shared access to physical hardware resources.
Hypervisors and Virtualization - VMware, Hyper-V, XenServer, and KVMvwchu
With co-presenter Maninder Singh, delivered a presentation about hypervisors and virtualization technology for an independent topic study project for the Operating System Design (EECS 4221) course at York University, Canada in October 2014.
Virtualization, briefly, is the separation of resources or requests for a service from the underlying physical delivery of that service. It is a concept in which access to a single underlying piece of hardware is coordinated so that multiple guest operating systems can share a single piece of hardware, with no guest operating system being aware that it is actually sharing anything at all.
This document provides an introduction to virtualization including:
1) The benefits of virtualization like efficient resource utilization and strong isolation between virtual machines.
2) A brief history of virtualization from the 1960s mainframe era to modern ubiquitous cloud computing.
3) Popular use cases of virtualization including cloud computing, virtual desktop infrastructure, and mobile virtualization.
4) Basic terminologies that distinguish type-1 and type-2 virtual machine monitors as well as full and para-virtualization methods.
CPU Scheduling for Virtual Desktop InfrastructureHwanju Kim
This document discusses CPU scheduling techniques for virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI). It proposes a demand-based coordinated scheduling approach for scheduling multithreaded workloads on multiprocessor virtual machines (VMs). The key points are:
1. Coordinated scheduling of sibling virtual CPUs (vCPUs) in a VM is needed to effectively schedule multithreaded workloads, as uncoordinated scheduling can reduce inter-thread communication performance.
2. A coordination space consisting of space (physical CPU assignment) and time (preemption policy) domains is defined to coordinate vCPU scheduling.
3. In the space domain, a load-conscious balance scheduling approach assigns sibling vCPUs across physical CPUs based
Live VM migration allows virtual machines to be relocated between physical hosts with little to no downtime. There are two main approaches: pre-copy migration copies memory contents iteratively with little downtime, while post-copy migration copies CPU states first and then memory pages on demand to reduce total migration time. Several research projects use live migration techniques to improve data center efficiency: LiteGreen saves energy by consolidating idle desktop VMs, Jettison uses partial VM migration for quick consolidation, and Kaleidoscope proposes VM state coloring to enable fast micro-elasticity through live cloning of warm VMs.
This document discusses memory management techniques in Xen virtualization. It covers:
1) Xen uses a buddy allocator to hand out frames to guests and tracks memory usage and types with reference counts and a frametable.
2) For paravirtualized guests, Xen uses PV pagetables where the guest manages a PFN to MFN table and Xen provides a shared MFN to PFN table and checks guest pagetable contents.
3) For hardware-assisted guests, Xen supplies a second set of pagetables describing the PFN to MFN translation and access restrictions, which the CPU applies along with the guest's pagetables.
Hardware support for virtualization originated in the 1970s with goals of running multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine. A key requirement was virtualization allowing equivalent execution of programs in a virtual environment as running natively. The x86 architecture posed challenges to virtualization due to sensitive instructions. Intel Virtualization Technology (VT-x) added hardware support for virtualization on x86 by introducing a new CPU operation mode called VMX non-root, and transitions between it and VMX root mode. This reduced the need for software emulation of sensitive instructions and improved virtualization performance.
The document discusses a framework for creating virtual machine monitors (VMMs) using hardware virtualization on x86 processors. It reviews x86 virtualization methods and Intel VT/AMD SVM extensions. The framework abstracts the complexities of directly using virtualization instructions, providing an easier API to develop type-II VMMs as Windows device drivers. It supports features like SMP, error reporting, and a plugin architecture. The goal is to simplify the creation of hypervisors for research and application development.
Hypervisors are a kind of software which runs different virtual systems called virtual machines on a single computer giving the view to guest running on each virtual machine that it is running on its own single computer. This presentation talks about hypervisors and different techniques of their implementation in brief.
This document summarizes a talk on redesigning Xen's memory sharing (grant) mechanism. It proposes moving grant-related hypercalls to guest domains to allow unilateral revocation of grants by domains and enable better reuse of grants. An evaluation shows the redesigned mechanism with grant reuse reduces overhead and improves I/O performance compared to the traditional approach.
Hyper-V High Availability and Live MigrationPaulo Freitas
This document provides an overview of a Microsoft Virtual Academy training program on Hyper-V virtualization. The program is split into two halves, with the first half covering topics like Hyper-V infrastructure, networking, storage, and management. The second half focuses on high availability, disaster recovery, and integrating Hyper-V with System Center. It also discusses capabilities like live migration, replication, clustering and improving application availability and redundancy through virtualization.
Yabusame: postcopy live migration for qemu/kvmIsaku Yamahata
Yabusame is a postcopy live migration technique for QEMU/KVM. It was developed by Isaku Yamahata of VALinux Systems Japan K.K. and Takahiro Hirofuchi of AIST. The project aims to improve live migration performance by allowing the guest VM to resume execution at the destination host before memory pages have been fully copied. This is achieved through asynchronous page fault handling during the postcopy phase. Evaluation shows the technique can improve CPU utilization and reduce total migration times compared to traditional precopy approaches. Future work includes upstream integration, support for KSM/THP, multithreading optimizations, and integration with management platforms like libvirt and OpenStack.
This document discusses the history and development of the Xen hypervisor project. It provides an overview of how paravirtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization have improved performance. It also examines how virtualization benefits security through policy enforcement and workload isolation. Network and memory management virtualization techniques are described that improve performance for virtual machines.
The document discusses virtualization and its implementation at GHCL Ltd's Sutrapada facility. It defines virtualization as creating virtual versions of operating systems, storage, and network resources. The goals of virtualization are to centralize administration, improve scalability and hardware utilization. Types of virtualization discussed include full, partial, and para virtualization. The document outlines how virtual machines are created, monitored, snapshotted, migrated, and used for failover. It provides an example virtualization implementation at GHCL including resource planning and allocation across three physical servers. Finally, it discusses desktop virtualization and its advantages over traditional desktop computing.
This document compares several hypervisors, including VMWare ESXi, Xen, KVM, and Microsoft Hyper-V. It classifies hypervisors as either monolithic or microlithic based on their kernel organization. It provides details on the architecture and components of VMWare ESXi, Xen, KVM, and Microsoft Hyper-V. It also summarizes the results of various performance tests conducted on these hypervisors for CPU, disk I/O, memory, and network I/O. In these tests, KVM generally had the best performance, while Xen showed relatively poorer performance.
Inroduction to Virtualization and Video Playback during a Live Migrated Virtual Machine hosting the server with its time analysis.
OS- Ubuntu
Hypervisor- KVM
The document discusses the Xen virtualization system. It begins by outlining the goals of Xen, which include running on commodity x86 hardware and operating systems without performance or functionality sacrifices, while allowing up to 100 virtual machine instances per server. It then describes Xen's design, which uses a thin hypervisor and paravirtualization to multiplex physical resources between guest operating systems. The document evaluates Xen's performance, finding it imposes small overhead and provides good isolation between virtual machines. It concludes that Xen is a promising virtualization platform and its development is ongoing.
Xen can run on ARM hardware by taking advantage of hardware virtualization extensions. It uses a single guest type that leverages para-virtualized interfaces for I/O without QEMU. The hypervisor code size is small at around 200,000 lines of code. Xen and Linux are bootable on ARMv7 hardware, and work is ongoing to support 64-bit ARMv8 guests. Challenges include cache coherency and interrupt handling, but the project aims to have full ARMv7 and increasing ARMv8 support in upcoming Xen releases.
This talk provides an overview of the Xen Project eco-system and its main use-cases in a number of important market segments: it covers server virtualization, cloud computing and embedded, automotive and related. Lars Kurth highlights why the Xen Project is relevant in these market segments: he provides an overview of the Xen Project's architecture, relevant existing functionality and ongoing and planned developments. To complement the picture, he covers open-source projects that are related to Xen and are of interest for these use-cases. Excellent Software security is key to all of these use-cases. Thus, Lars specifically covers the Xen Project's security features, track record and touches on the project's security practices. He concludes with a few resources that help you get started with the Xen Project and highlight Internship Programs which the project supports.
The talk was delivered at Root Linux Conference 2017. Learn more: http://linux.globallogic.com/materials. The video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjQnAIJji4k
This document discusses virtualization techniques such as Intel VT and VMX. It explains the ring protection model of x86 CPUs and how virtualization works by having a hypervisor sit at the highest ring/privilege level. Key virtualization concepts covered include VMX root/non-root operation, VMCS data structures, VM exits/entries, and instructions for accessing and modifying VMCS like VMPTRLD, VMPTRST, VMWRITE, VMREAD, VMCLEAR. Memory mapped and port IO virtualization techniques are also summarized.
virtualization tutorial at ACM bangalore Compute 2009ACMBangalore
This document summarizes a tutorial on the hardware revolution in server virtualization. It begins with an overview of server virtualization technologies including VMM architectures and the criteria for a processor to be virtualizable. It then discusses the challenges of virtualizing x86 processors due to their architecture. The document outlines software techniques like binary translation and para-virtualization used for CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization. It also reviews hardware techniques enabled by technologies like VT-x, EPT, and SR-IOV. The summary concludes with a brief discussion of future trends in manageability and security relating to server virtualization.
The document discusses Linux KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) and how it enables full virtualization on x86 hardware. KVM uses Intel VT-x and AMD-V virtualization extensions to allow a Linux kernel to function as a hypervisor. Guest virtual machines see a bare metal interface while the host kernel manages scheduling and resource allocation. Qemu is used as a processor emulator to add missing guest architectures.
This document discusses migrating an existing on-premise application to the Windows Azure platform. It provides an overview of key Azure services including compute, storage, SQL Azure and AppFabric. It also covers development considerations when building applications for Azure such as designing for failure, limited disk access and deployment differences compared to on-premise.
IBM released updates to FlashCopy Manager 3.2 and IBM TSM for Virtual Environments 6.4. The updates include enhancements to backup and restore capabilities for virtual machines, file systems, databases and applications. New features allow integration with remote replication technologies and support for virtual disk mappings. The user interface was also improved with a new configuration wizard.
IBM released updates to FlashCopy Manager 3.2 and IBM TSM for Virtual Environments 6.4. The updates include enhancements to backup and restore capabilities for virtual machines, file systems, databases, and custom applications. They provide improved support for VMware environments, SQL Server 2012, Exchange 2010, and remote mirroring capabilities. The user interface was also enhanced with a new configuration wizard and reporting features.
IBM has a long history of virtualization leadership dating back to the 1960s. PowerVM is IBM's hypervisor for Power Systems servers that provides logical partitioning (LPARs), dynamic LPAR (DLPAR), CPU and memory sharing, and I/O virtualization through Virtual I/O Servers (VIOS). PowerVM allows clients to consolidate workloads and optimize hardware resource utilization.
- Dynamo is a dynamic optimization system developed at HP Labs in 1996 that performs dynamic binary translation and optimization at runtime.
- It works transparently by initially interpreting the instruction stream until hot instruction sequences, or traces, are identified. Then it generates optimized versions of the traces and stores them in a software code cache called the fragment cache.
- Key aspects of how Dynamo works include trace selection and formation, trace optimization, fragment linking and management, handling signals and exceptions, and mechanisms for "bailing out" of optimized code back to interpretation if optimizations cannot be applied.
Open systems Specialists: XiV Storage ReinventedVincent Kwon
The document provides an overview of the XIV storage system. It discusses how XIV differs from traditional enterprise storage solutions by using a scale-out architecture instead of a scale-up approach. It also describes XIV's distributed storage algorithm which spreads data across all disks in the system and maintains equilibrium when hardware is added, removed, or fails. The presentation concludes with a live demo of the XIV system management GUI.
Cooperative VM Migration for a virtualized HPC Cluster with VMM-bypass I/O de...Ryousei Takano
1) Cooperative VM migration allows live migration of VMs with VMM-bypass I/O devices like InfiniBand adapters.
2) SymVirt enables coordination between the guest OS and VMM to safely detach and reattach devices during migration.
3) Experiments show SymVirt enables fault-tolerant live migration with minimal overhead for HPC workloads on an InfiniBand cluster. Postcopy migration further reduces downtime during migration.
The document discusses the evolution of XenServer architecture to address scalability limitations. The current architecture works well now but will hit bottlenecks on larger servers. The new "Windsor" architecture uses domain 0 disaggregation to move virtualization functions out of domain 0 and into separate domains for improved performance, scalability, and isolation. Key benefits include better VM density, use of hardware resources, stability, availability, and extensibility. It provides a flexible platform that can scale-out across servers.
DeNA uses Perl extensively in its services and was introduced to Perl in 2003. About 100 DeNA engineers currently work with Perl, including over 50 on the mbga.jp team. DeNA has released several open source Perl projects on CPAN and at YAPC conferences. Key projects include MobaSiF, a web application framework, and mobamail, a high-performance mail delivery system for mobile phones. While DeNA has an ambivalent relationship with Perl's aging aspects, it continues to rely on and contribute to the Perl ecosystem and community.
BitVisor is a security-focused virtual machine monitor (VMM) developed in Japan with the goals of encrypting storage and networks and using smart cards for authentication and key management. It uses a para-virtualization approach where most device I/O is passed through directly to the guest operating system, unlike Xen which uses full virtualization and device emulation. This makes BitVisor's VMM smaller and lower overhead than Xen. Experimental results showed BitVisor running Windows and Linux guests with encryption of storage and networking.
Toward a practical “HPC Cloud”: Performance tuning of a virtualized HPC clusterRyousei Takano
This document evaluates the performance of a virtualized HPC cluster using the HPC Challenge benchmark suite. It investigates three performance tuning techniques: PCI passthrough to bypass virtualization overhead for the network interface card, NUMA affinity to improve memory access performance, and reducing "VMM noise" like unnecessary services on the host OS. The results show these techniques can improve performance of the virtualized cluster to be close to that of a non-virtualized or "bare metal" system, realizing a more practical "true HPC Cloud."
The needs for immediate responsiveness of VMs in the virtualized environments have been on the rise. Several services in SKT also require soft realtime support for virtual machines to substitute the physical machines to achieve high utilization and adaptability. However, consolidated multiple OSes and irregular external events might render the hypervisor infringe on a VM's promptitude. As a solution of this problem, we are improving Xen's credit scheduler by introducing the RT_PRIORITY that guarantees a VM's running at any given point in time as long as credits remains to be burn. It would increase the quality of service and make a VM's behavior predictable on the consolidated environment. In addition, we extend our suggestion to the multi-core environment and even a large number of physical machines by using live migrations.
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical system by sharing underlying hardware resources. It provides flexibility for users, amortizes hardware costs, and isolates separate users. Early virtualization approaches required binary translation or modifying guest operating systems to address challenges posed by the x86 architecture. Modern virtualization leverages hardware extensions like Intel VT-x and AMD-V that introduce a new virtual machine mode to allow guest operating systems to run unmodified while providing hooks for the hypervisor to control privileged operations and resources. This improves performance over earlier software-only approaches.
The document discusses different storage technologies for creating snapshots including FlashCopy and VolumeCopy from IBM, and ShadowImage from Hitachi. It notes that FlashCopy creates snapshots while VolumeCopy refers to snapshots, and that ShadowImage can create multiple snapshots from a single volume. The document also mentions that snapshots ensure the ACID properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability.
z/VM Version 6 Release 2 is now available and includes new features like Single System Image and Live Guest Relocation to improve workload management and high availability. The release also includes various performance and scalability enhancements as well as new capabilities for TCP/IP, FTP, SMTP, and the NETSTAT command. Future releases of z/VM will focus on further enhancing hardware integration, virtualization capabilities, and synergy with Linux and z/OS.
YARN: a resource manager for analytic platformTsuyoshi OZAWA
The document discusses YARN, a resource manager for Apache Hadoop. It provides an overview of YARN and its key features: (1) managing resources in a cluster, (2) managing application history logs, and (3) a service registry mechanism. It then discusses how distributed processing frameworks like Tez and Spark work on YARN, focusing on their directed acyclic graph (DAG) models and techniques for improving performance on YARN like container reuse.
Spark on YARN allows Spark jobs to run efficiently on YARN clusters. It supports two modes: yarn-client mode where the driver runs locally, and yarn-cluster mode where the driver runs in a YARN container. Dynamic resource allocation allows Spark to dynamically allocate containers based on workload, launching and killing executors as needed. This improves resource utilization by avoiding inefficient allocation where containers remain unused after tasks complete. Configuration changes are required to enable the external shuffle service to store RDD state externally rather than within executors.
Taming YARN @ Hadoop Conference Japan 2014Tsuyoshi OZAWA
The document discusses YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator), a resource management framework for Hadoop. It describes YARN components like the ResourceManager, NodeManager, and ApplicationMaster. It covers YARN configuration, capacity planning, health checks, thread tuning, and enabling high availability of the ResourceManager through ZooKeeper.
Taming YARN @ Hadoop conference Japan 2014Tsuyoshi OZAWA
The document discusses Resource Manager high availability in YARN. It describes how the active and standby Resource Managers store state information in ZooKeeper, and how the standby automatically fails over to become active if it detects a failure of the active. Key configurations include enabling HA, specifying the ZooKeeper addresses, and setting timeouts.
This document introduces fluent-logger-scala, a simple logger for Scala apps that sends logs to fluentd servers. It allows Scala objects to log to fluentd with just 3 lines of code added to build.sbt. The logger currently supports Scala 2.9.x and sbt 0.12.x, with a roadmap to support Scala 2.10 by using an alternative JSON serialization library instead of msgpack-scala. A demo is shown of how to start casually collecting logs from Scala apps.
Multilevel aggregation for Hadoop/MapReduceTsuyoshi OZAWA
The document proposes a multi-level aggregation approach for Hadoop MapReduce to reduce shuffle costs by combining map outputs at the node and rack level. A prototype showed a job was 1.7 times faster and restricted shuffle costs to 50% by having mappers call a combiner before outputs are shuffled. Future work includes adding fault tolerance and supporting frameworks like Pig and Hive. Feedback is welcomed on the approach.
The document discusses implementing Memcached as a service (MaaS) for Cloud Foundry. NTT Communications developed a MaaS based on Redis that is available on GitHub. It supports basic resource restrictions and multiple instances. A pull request was submitted to integrate MaaS into Cloud Foundry but there has been no response from CloudFoundry teams. Future work includes SASL support and more configurable parameters.
This document discusses implementing dynamic ticks in the FreeBSD kernel. Currently, the kernel handles timer interrupts periodically at a fixed frequency (HZ), which is expensive when the CPU is idle. Dynamic ticks would generate timer interrupts using a one-shot timer based on when the next timer event is scheduled to occur, reducing overhead when idle. The author has started implementing this by adding code to scan the callout queue and determine when the next timer needs to fire. When an idle process detects there is no work to do, it could trigger a mode transition from periodic to dynamic ticks until the next scheduled event.
The document discusses KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) and Intel VT-x virtualization technologies. It covers CPU rings, virtual machine monitors (VMMs) like Xen and VMware, Intel VT-x features like VMX root/non-root mode, VMCS, VMREAD/VMWRITE, and how KVM on Linux utilizes these features to enable full virtualization on Intel processors.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3Data Hops
Free A4 downloadable and printable Cyber Security, Social Engineering Safety and security Training Posters . Promote security awareness in the home or workplace. Lock them Out From training providers datahops.com
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.