The document discusses virtualization options to consolidate the State of Iowa's web hosting services onto fewer physical servers. It analyzes the problems with the current environment, such as low server utilization and high costs. Various virtualization products are researched, including free open-source options like OpenVZ, VMWare Server, and Xen, as well as commercial products like VMWare ESX. The next steps outlined are to complete testing virtualization platforms and finalize an implementation architecture plan.

1. Virtualization Assessment Matt Behrens Information Technology Enterprise Department of Administrative Services State of Iowa [email_address] (515)281-5481

2. Strategy for web hosting Reduce costs by consolidating services onto the fewest number of physical machines http://www.vmware.com/img/serverconsolidation.jpg

3. Tactics Consolidate shared environments (WebSphere, PHP, HTML, ASP) onto fewer boxes configured with one OS each. Still a large number of physical servers to support Investigate options for virtualization to consolidate Windows and Linux hosting offerings onto one or two machines. Investigate options for virtualization to lower costs for “co-location” services for customers.

4. Virtualization Defined Virtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of resources across many aspects of computing For our purposes - One physical machine to support multiple virtual machines that run in parallel.

5. Problem Assessment – Why Virtualization? Too many servers for too little work Aging hardware reaching end of usable life High infrastructure requirements Limited flexibility in shared environments

6. Problem Assessment Low utilization metrics in servers across the organization…

7. Problem Assessment High costs and infrastructure needs Maintenance Leases Networking Floor space Cooling Power Disaster Recovery

8. Problem Assessment Heterogeneous Environments

9. Research into Virtualization at ITE Reduce the number of physical machines Isolate environments but share hardware Make better use of existing capacity Virtualize Network and SAN interfaces to reduce infrastructure needs Ultimately save on maintenance and leases More options available today than ever before…

10. More Software Options Wide array of virtualization products now available in the marketplace Partnerships with Operating System vendors (i.e. SuSE, RedHat, Sun) yield tighter integration and better performance.

11. More Hardware Options Larger Intel/AMD machines with more CPU and memory 16, 32, 64-way Intel machines now available with up to 1 TB RAM X86 Hardware Virtualization Intel VT AMD Pacifica

12. Virtualization Scenarios Hardware Virtualization Software Virtualization Full Virtualization Para-Virtualization

13. Core Technology The Hypervisor A computing layer which allows multiple operating systems to run on a host computer at the same time. Originally developed in the 1970s as part of the IBM S/360 Many modern day variants from different developers

14. The Hypervisor Conceptual diagram of typical server configuration without virtualization

15. The Hypervisor The role of the Hypervisor in supporting Guest Operating Systems on a single machine.

16. Hardware Virtualization (example) IBM pSeries Servers http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/eserver/v1r2/topic/eicaz/eicaz508.gif

17. Software Virtualization (example) VMware Server (GSX) http://openlab-mu-internal.web.cern.ch/openlab-mu-internal/openlab-II_Projects/Platform_Competence_Centre/Virtualization/Virtualization.asp

18. Marketplace Offerings Freely Available OpenVZ (Open Source) VMWare Server (GSX) Xen 3.0 (Open Source) Commercial Virtuozzo VMWare ESX Xen Enterprise Microsoft Virtual Server Virtual Iron

19. OpenVZ Maintained by SWsoft, Inc (http://www.swsoft.com/) Branch from their commercial Virtuozzo product Supports 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems Linux only, Open Source Product $ - Free http://openvz.org/

20. VMWare Server (formerly GSX) Maintained by VMWare ( http://www.vmware.com/ ) Est. 1999 - More mature than many competitors Supports 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems Some limitations for clustering and HA imposed by vendor Windows and Linux Host/Guest OS Support $ - Free http://www.vmware.com/products/gsx/ http:// www.vmware.com/products/server_comp.html

21. Xen 3.0 Available from Xen Source ( http:// www.xensource.com ) In association with University of Cambridge ( http:// www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen / ) Support for 64-Bit and 32-way machines Supports IntelVT Linux support only, Windows expected later this year Open Source Product – One of the most actively maintained projects in the open source community $ - Free

22. VMWare ESX Server Maintained by VMWare ( http://www.vmware.com/ ) Supports 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems Advanced clustering and high availability features Windows and Linux Guest OS Support Advance management tools Low-overhead Hypervisor base installation Packages ranging from $10-$25k and beyond http:// www.vmware.com/products/esx /

23. Virtual Server Enterprise Edition By Microsoft Support for 64-bit and 32-way machines Linux and Windows support for Guest OS’s $ - Licensing varies. One listing found for $594.29 - $1,069.58 , not including extra Windows licenses for Guest OS’s

24. Next Steps at ITE Complete testing and functionality assessments Finalize architecture plans Proceed with recommendations for implementation

25. ITE Web Services Test Plan Installation and configuration OpenVZ VMWare Xen To date, we have installations running OpenVZ and Xen for testing purposes

26. ITE Web Services Test Plan Ability to start/stop partitions Ability to copy and replicate partitions Assess functionality of required software installations (Apache, JBoss, PHP, etc). Performance testing – hdparm, Apache JMeter, etc

27. Current Architecture

28. Virtualized Architecture

29. Issues and concerns Supportability of Microsoft Server products running as Guest Operating Systems on a non-certified virtualization engine. Managing load on virtualized systems can be more art than science.

30. Virtualization Assessment Matt Behrens Information Technology Enterprise Department of Administrative Services State of Iowa [email_address] (515)281-5481