The document outlines four levels that influence violence: biological and personal factors; close relationships; community context; and broad societal factors. It categorizes violence into self-directed, interpersonal, and collective forms, and lists various types including physical, sexual, emotional, and cyber bullying. Finally, it discusses how scientific research shows strategies addressing underlying causes like parenting programs, life skills training, and reducing access to weapons can help prevent violence.

3. causes of violence, including
The first level identifies biological and personal factors
that influence how individuals behave and increase their
likelihood of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence
The second level focuses on close relationships, such
as those with family and friends.
The third level explores the community context—i.e.,
schools, workplaces, and neighbourhoods.
Finally, the fourth level looks at the broad societal
factors that help to create a climate in which violence is
encouraged or inhibited

4. Violence into three broad categories :
self-directed violence
interpersonal violence, And
collective violence

5. The nature of violent acts, can be:
 Physical Violence
 Sexual Violence / Gender Based Violence
 Emotional Violence
Psychological Violence
Spiritual / Religious Violence
Cultural Violence
Economic Violence
Political and Institutional Violence
Cyber Bullying
Information Violence

6. Scientific research shows that strategies
addressing the underlying causes of violence can be
effective in preventing violence. Examples of
scientifically credible strategies to prevent violence
include nurse home-visiting and parenting education to
prevent child maltreatment; life skills training for
children ages 6–18 years; school-based programmes to
address gender norms and attitudes; reducing alcohol
enforcement of liquor licensing laws, taxation
pricing; reducing access to guns and knives;
availability and misuse through enactment and
and
and
promoting gender equality by, for instance, supporting
the economic empowerment of women.