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The finger-like projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients are called villi. Villi contain a lacteal, which is a branch of the lymph vessel at the center. Blood vessels in the villi divide into smaller branches that join back together to form veins, with a network of capillaries connecting the arteries and veins. The villi absorb digested food particles, glucose, amino acids and fatty acids, with fats entering the lymph.
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POWER POINT PRESENTATION
The small intestine is coiled and folded within the abdominal cavity to increase its surface area. Its inner surface is lined with finger-like villi that further increase the absorptive area. Nutrients from digested food diffuse through the villi and are absorbed into blood vessels or lacteals in the small intestine walls and transported throughout the body.
Villi and Absorption
The small intestine has many folds and twists that increase its surface area. Its inner surface develops finger-like projections called villi, which further increase absorption area. Villi allow nutrients from digested food to be absorbed directly into blood vessels and lymph vessels in the intestinal wall through diffusion and transport. This maximizes the absorption of nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and glycerol before waste is expelled.
Colon/Large Intestine.
The large intestine extends from the small intestine to the anus. It is composed of the cecum, colon, and rectum. The colon can be divided into four parts - ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. It absorbs water from digested food and forms feces. Diseases that can affect the large intestine include colorectal cancer, colonic polyps, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Small intestines
The document summarizes key parts of the small intestine:
- The duodenum is C-shaped and located retroperitoneally. It is the shortest section where most chemical digestion occurs.
- The jejunum is located in the upper left abdomen and is characterized by plicae circulares and long villi for nutrient absorption.
- The ileum is the narrowest section located in the lower right abdomen, distinguished by lymphatic nodules called Peyer's patches.
Anatomy & Physiology of large intestine
The large intestine, also called the large bowel, is the final part of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. The large intestine absorbs water from wastes to create stool for storage and then expulsion from the body. It plays an important role in reabsorption of water, conversion of waste, and housing beneficial bacteria.
The large intestine to the anus
The large intestine, also called the colon, is the final part of the digestive system before waste is excreted. It is around 6 feet long and runs along the lower right side of the abdominal cavity. The colon has four main parts and absorbs water from food waste before it is passed as solid stool and stored in the rectum until excretion. The lining of the colon houses many bacteria that aid in digestion and vitamin production.
Excretory system intro
The excretory system eliminates wastes from the body through specialized structures and capillaries. It consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain renal cortex and medulla, and are made up of nephrons which filter waste from the blood. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, then exits through the urethra. The male urethra is longer than the female urethra. Pathologies like urethritis and kidney stones can occur if waste is not properly eliminated.
Excretory system introduction (fix)
The excretory system eliminates wastes from the body through specialized structures and capillaries. It consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain renal cortex and medulla, and are made up of nephrons which filter waste from the blood. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, then exits through the urethra. The male urethra is longer than the female urethra. Pathologies like urethritis and kidney stones can occur if the excretory system is not functioning properly.
Recommended
POWER POINT PRESENTATION
The small intestine is coiled and folded within the abdominal cavity to increase its surface area. Its inner surface is lined with finger-like villi that further increase the absorptive area. Nutrients from digested food diffuse through the villi and are absorbed into blood vessels or lacteals in the small intestine walls and transported throughout the body.
Villi and Absorption
The small intestine has many folds and twists that increase its surface area. Its inner surface develops finger-like projections called villi, which further increase absorption area. Villi allow nutrients from digested food to be absorbed directly into blood vessels and lymph vessels in the intestinal wall through diffusion and transport. This maximizes the absorption of nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and glycerol before waste is expelled.
Colon/Large Intestine.
The large intestine extends from the small intestine to the anus. It is composed of the cecum, colon, and rectum. The colon can be divided into four parts - ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. It absorbs water from digested food and forms feces. Diseases that can affect the large intestine include colorectal cancer, colonic polyps, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Small intestines
The document summarizes key parts of the small intestine:
- The duodenum is C-shaped and located retroperitoneally. It is the shortest section where most chemical digestion occurs.
- The jejunum is located in the upper left abdomen and is characterized by plicae circulares and long villi for nutrient absorption.
- The ileum is the narrowest section located in the lower right abdomen, distinguished by lymphatic nodules called Peyer's patches.
Anatomy & Physiology of large intestine
The large intestine, also called the large bowel, is the final part of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. The large intestine absorbs water from wastes to create stool for storage and then expulsion from the body. It plays an important role in reabsorption of water, conversion of waste, and housing beneficial bacteria.
The large intestine to the anus
The large intestine, also called the colon, is the final part of the digestive system before waste is excreted. It is around 6 feet long and runs along the lower right side of the abdominal cavity. The colon has four main parts and absorbs water from food waste before it is passed as solid stool and stored in the rectum until excretion. The lining of the colon houses many bacteria that aid in digestion and vitamin production.
Excretory system intro
The excretory system eliminates wastes from the body through specialized structures and capillaries. It consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain renal cortex and medulla, and are made up of nephrons which filter waste from the blood. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, then exits through the urethra. The male urethra is longer than the female urethra. Pathologies like urethritis and kidney stones can occur if waste is not properly eliminated.
Excretory system introduction (fix)
The excretory system eliminates wastes from the body through specialized structures and capillaries. It consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain renal cortex and medulla, and are made up of nephrons which filter waste from the blood. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, then exits through the urethra. The male urethra is longer than the female urethra. Pathologies like urethritis and kidney stones can occur if the excretory system is not functioning properly.
Caecum and vermiform appendix
The caecum is the beginning of the large intestine located in the right iliac fossa. It is wider than it is long and connects superiorly to the ascending colon, medially to the ileum, and posteromedially to the vermiform appendix. The appendix is a worm-like diverticulum arising from the posteromedial wall of the caecum that is on average 9 cm long and can be located in various positions around the caecum. The ileocaecal valve regulates passage of contents from the ileum into the caecum and prevents reflux.
PPT on Gall bl;adder
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac located on the posterior surface of the liver that is around 7-10 cm long and 3 cm broad with a capacity of 30-50 ml. It is divided into three parts: the body, fundus, and neck. The cystic duct runs from the neck of the gallbladder to join the hepatic duct and form the common bile duct. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile released from the liver and regulates pressure in the biliary system through contraction and dilation.
Notes small and large intestines
The small intestine is 6 meters long and 2.5 cm in diameter. It finishes digestion, absorbs nutrients, and passes residue to the large intestine. Its surface area is increased by circular folds, fingerlike villi containing blood vessels, and microvilli. It secretes enzymes like peptidase and hormones like secretin.
The large intestine is longer but narrower. It absorbs fluids and electrolytes and stores waste in pouches before elimination. It includes the cecum containing the appendix, the colon divided into ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions, and the rectum and anal canal.
Ppt digestive system
The document discusses the structure and function of the small intestine and villi. The small intestine is coiled and folded within the abdominal cavity to enable complete digestion. It contains many finger-like projections called villi that increase the surface area for absorption. The villi contain blood vessels and lacteals that absorb nutrients from digested food and transport them to the bloodstream and lymph system.
Large intestine
The large intestine is located in the abdomen and is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract. It is around 1.5 meters long and functions to absorb water from undigested waste and move waste through the colon until it is expelled from the body. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. It is supplied by blood vessels that branch from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and drains into the hepatic portal vein.
Gall bladder Anatomo physiology
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the gallbladder and biliary tree. It describes the components of the extrahepatic biliary system including the gallbladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. It details the parts of the gallbladder including the fundus, body, and infundibulum. It also outlines the blood supply, lymphatic and nerve drainage of the gallbladder. Finally, it states the functions of the gallbladder are to store, concentrate, and eject bile into the lumen to aid in the digestion of lipids.
Gall bladder
The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine. It is pear shaped and sits in a fossa on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The gallbladder collects bile from the liver via hepatic ducts, stores it, and releases it through the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct when food enters the duodenum. The sphincter of Oddi regulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreatic duct into the duodenum.
Large intestine
The large intestine comes after the small intestine and measures approximately 1.5 meters. It absorbs water and nutrients from waste and protects the body from infections. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections), rectum, and anal canal. It removes remaining water from digested food and stores waste until defecation through contractions that move waste to the rectum for elimination.
11 echinodermata
Echinoderms are radially symmetrical marine animals with a water vascular system and calcareous endoskeleton. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, and sea lilies. Echinoderms exhibit pentamerous radial symmetry as adults but are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae. They possess tube feet that extend from the water vascular system and are important for locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange. The phylum contains five classes that vary in body form but share these key characteristics.
Small intestine
The small intestine is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It contains finger-like projections called villi that increase the absorptive surface area. Villi contain capillaries that absorb nutrients from digested food. Goblet cells in the intestinal lining secrete mucus, and Paneth cells secrete antibacterial agents to protect the intestine. The small intestine completes digestion and absorbs most nutrients from food.
small intestine (Jujenum ,ileum)
small intestine. parts . jujenum, ilieum, Malt, difference between jejunum and ilieum, mesentry, mesocolon, blood supply of small intetsine, arterial arcades, vesa recta, superior mesenteric vessles, meckels diverticulum,
Histology of small intestine
The small intestine has several modifications to increase its surface area for absorption of nutrients. It contains plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli. The villi contain absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells. Crypts of Lieberkuhn contain stem cells that replace the epithelial cells. The small intestine is divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum contains Brunner's glands, while the ileum contains lymphatic nodules called Peyer's patches.
Liver
The liver originates in the third week of development as an outgrowth of endodermal epithelium in the foregut called the hepatic diverticulum. This divides into the larger cranial pars hepatica and caudal pars cystica. The pars hepatica gives rise to hepatocytes, sinusoids, and other liver cells and tissues. The pars cystica develops into the gallbladder and cystic duct. By the 12th week, bile production begins and the liver fills much of the abdominal cavity, taking on its adult shape with two lobes.
Digestive System
The document discusses the general functions and anatomy of the digestive system. It describes the individual organs and their structures in detail. The digestive tract consists of a hollow muscular tube and accessory organs. Its overall function is to process food for absorption and eliminate waste. Each organ has specific roles in mechanical and chemical digestion, secretion, absorption, and waste removal. The document outlines the histological organization and layers of the digestive tract walls. It provides detailed descriptions of each organ's gross and microscopic anatomy.
Histology of normal liver
The liver is the second largest organ and largest gland in the body. It has a dual blood supply and is divided into lobules that contain hepatocytes, sinusoids, and a central vein. Blood flows into lobules through the portal vein and hepatic artery and out through hepatic veins. Hepatocytes are arranged in plates separated by sinusoids and produce bile that flows into canaliculi and out of the liver. The liver has regenerative abilities and its segmentation allows for resection of parts without damaging remaining tissue.
Gall bladder anatomy
This is a detailed slides about the gall bladder anatomy which helps better understanding of this intraperitoneal organ.
I made those slides during my GS rotation under the supervision of the chief of surgery departments at King Fahd Speciality hospital - Dammam
Water vascular system in bittle star
The document summarizes the water vascular system of brittle stars. It begins by introducing the phylum Echinodermata and noting that while the water vascular system functions in locomotion for most classes, in brittle stars it has evolved primarily for feeding. The main parts of the typical echinoderm water vascular system are described, after which the key differences in brittle stars are outlined. Notably, brittle star tube feet lack suction cups and ampullae and end in sharp points used for feeding. Additionally, the water vascular system plays a role in respiration and sometimes excretion. In conclusion, while the system appears simple, it is highly complex and diverse in its structure and functions across echinoderm classes
INTERGRATED RESPONSE TO A MEAN vi. COLONIC PHASE
The colon functions to absorb water from indigestible food matter and compact waste into feces. Feces move through the colon via segmental contractions that mix contents and peristalsis that propels contents towards the rectum over 1-2 days. Bacteria in the colon aid digestion by producing vitamins and short-chain fatty acids but also gases. The gastrocolic reflex initiates colonic motility after meals. Distension of the rectum by feces triggers defecation reflexes to relax the internal anal sphincter and contract the colon for expulsion, which can be voluntarily controlled by the external anal sphincter.
Seastar
Sea stars have radial symmetry and move using their water vascular system and tube feet. They have two stomachs and feed on mollusks and other small creatures. Sea stars can reproduce both sexually by releasing gametes or asexually by breaking off limbs which grow into new sea stars. Their adaptations like spikes and radial symmetry help them survive as predators in the ocean.
Unit 13 Genitourinary System
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key organs (kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra), their locations, coverings, and structures. It explains urine formation through glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the nephrons. It also discusses blood flow in the kidneys, development of the urinary system, and changes with aging. The goal is to provide a comprehensive review of the main components and functions of the urinary system.
Innovative lesson plan: aswathy p
This lesson plan outlines a biology class for 9th standard students about the circulatory pathways topic of blood. The 40-minute class will use lecture, group discussion, and questioning to develop students' factual, conceptual, procedural, and meta cognitive knowledge about blood. Students will learn new terms like blood, immunity, and platelets. Through a video and activity identifying blood cells, students will learn facts about blood constituents like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The lesson aims to explain blood's major role in carrying out vital functions and developing students' understanding and skills in identifying blood cells.
power point presentation
Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. White blood cells help fight infection and are divided into granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and agranulocytes like monocytes and lymphocytes. Platelets help prevent bleeding by forming clots at sites of injury. Together, the cells and plasma of blood provide defense, nutrients, and waste removal essential for human survival.
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Caecum and vermiform appendix
The caecum is the beginning of the large intestine located in the right iliac fossa. It is wider than it is long and connects superiorly to the ascending colon, medially to the ileum, and posteromedially to the vermiform appendix. The appendix is a worm-like diverticulum arising from the posteromedial wall of the caecum that is on average 9 cm long and can be located in various positions around the caecum. The ileocaecal valve regulates passage of contents from the ileum into the caecum and prevents reflux.
PPT on Gall bl;adder
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac located on the posterior surface of the liver that is around 7-10 cm long and 3 cm broad with a capacity of 30-50 ml. It is divided into three parts: the body, fundus, and neck. The cystic duct runs from the neck of the gallbladder to join the hepatic duct and form the common bile duct. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile released from the liver and regulates pressure in the biliary system through contraction and dilation.
Notes small and large intestines
The small intestine is 6 meters long and 2.5 cm in diameter. It finishes digestion, absorbs nutrients, and passes residue to the large intestine. Its surface area is increased by circular folds, fingerlike villi containing blood vessels, and microvilli. It secretes enzymes like peptidase and hormones like secretin.
The large intestine is longer but narrower. It absorbs fluids and electrolytes and stores waste in pouches before elimination. It includes the cecum containing the appendix, the colon divided into ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions, and the rectum and anal canal.
Ppt digestive system
The document discusses the structure and function of the small intestine and villi. The small intestine is coiled and folded within the abdominal cavity to enable complete digestion. It contains many finger-like projections called villi that increase the surface area for absorption. The villi contain blood vessels and lacteals that absorb nutrients from digested food and transport them to the bloodstream and lymph system.
Large intestine
The large intestine is located in the abdomen and is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract. It is around 1.5 meters long and functions to absorb water from undigested waste and move waste through the colon until it is expelled from the body. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. It is supplied by blood vessels that branch from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and drains into the hepatic portal vein.
Gall bladder Anatomo physiology
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the gallbladder and biliary tree. It describes the components of the extrahepatic biliary system including the gallbladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. It details the parts of the gallbladder including the fundus, body, and infundibulum. It also outlines the blood supply, lymphatic and nerve drainage of the gallbladder. Finally, it states the functions of the gallbladder are to store, concentrate, and eject bile into the lumen to aid in the digestion of lipids.
Gall bladder
The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine. It is pear shaped and sits in a fossa on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The gallbladder collects bile from the liver via hepatic ducts, stores it, and releases it through the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct when food enters the duodenum. The sphincter of Oddi regulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreatic duct into the duodenum.
Large intestine
The large intestine comes after the small intestine and measures approximately 1.5 meters. It absorbs water and nutrients from waste and protects the body from infections. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections), rectum, and anal canal. It removes remaining water from digested food and stores waste until defecation through contractions that move waste to the rectum for elimination.
11 echinodermata
Echinoderms are radially symmetrical marine animals with a water vascular system and calcareous endoskeleton. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, and sea lilies. Echinoderms exhibit pentamerous radial symmetry as adults but are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae. They possess tube feet that extend from the water vascular system and are important for locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange. The phylum contains five classes that vary in body form but share these key characteristics.
Small intestine
The small intestine is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It contains finger-like projections called villi that increase the absorptive surface area. Villi contain capillaries that absorb nutrients from digested food. Goblet cells in the intestinal lining secrete mucus, and Paneth cells secrete antibacterial agents to protect the intestine. The small intestine completes digestion and absorbs most nutrients from food.
small intestine (Jujenum ,ileum)
small intestine. parts . jujenum, ilieum, Malt, difference between jejunum and ilieum, mesentry, mesocolon, blood supply of small intetsine, arterial arcades, vesa recta, superior mesenteric vessles, meckels diverticulum,
Histology of small intestine
The small intestine has several modifications to increase its surface area for absorption of nutrients. It contains plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli. The villi contain absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells. Crypts of Lieberkuhn contain stem cells that replace the epithelial cells. The small intestine is divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum contains Brunner's glands, while the ileum contains lymphatic nodules called Peyer's patches.
Liver
The liver originates in the third week of development as an outgrowth of endodermal epithelium in the foregut called the hepatic diverticulum. This divides into the larger cranial pars hepatica and caudal pars cystica. The pars hepatica gives rise to hepatocytes, sinusoids, and other liver cells and tissues. The pars cystica develops into the gallbladder and cystic duct. By the 12th week, bile production begins and the liver fills much of the abdominal cavity, taking on its adult shape with two lobes.
Digestive System
The document discusses the general functions and anatomy of the digestive system. It describes the individual organs and their structures in detail. The digestive tract consists of a hollow muscular tube and accessory organs. Its overall function is to process food for absorption and eliminate waste. Each organ has specific roles in mechanical and chemical digestion, secretion, absorption, and waste removal. The document outlines the histological organization and layers of the digestive tract walls. It provides detailed descriptions of each organ's gross and microscopic anatomy.
Histology of normal liver
The liver is the second largest organ and largest gland in the body. It has a dual blood supply and is divided into lobules that contain hepatocytes, sinusoids, and a central vein. Blood flows into lobules through the portal vein and hepatic artery and out through hepatic veins. Hepatocytes are arranged in plates separated by sinusoids and produce bile that flows into canaliculi and out of the liver. The liver has regenerative abilities and its segmentation allows for resection of parts without damaging remaining tissue.
Gall bladder anatomy
This is a detailed slides about the gall bladder anatomy which helps better understanding of this intraperitoneal organ.
I made those slides during my GS rotation under the supervision of the chief of surgery departments at King Fahd Speciality hospital - Dammam
Water vascular system in bittle star
The document summarizes the water vascular system of brittle stars. It begins by introducing the phylum Echinodermata and noting that while the water vascular system functions in locomotion for most classes, in brittle stars it has evolved primarily for feeding. The main parts of the typical echinoderm water vascular system are described, after which the key differences in brittle stars are outlined. Notably, brittle star tube feet lack suction cups and ampullae and end in sharp points used for feeding. Additionally, the water vascular system plays a role in respiration and sometimes excretion. In conclusion, while the system appears simple, it is highly complex and diverse in its structure and functions across echinoderm classes
INTERGRATED RESPONSE TO A MEAN vi. COLONIC PHASE
The colon functions to absorb water from indigestible food matter and compact waste into feces. Feces move through the colon via segmental contractions that mix contents and peristalsis that propels contents towards the rectum over 1-2 days. Bacteria in the colon aid digestion by producing vitamins and short-chain fatty acids but also gases. The gastrocolic reflex initiates colonic motility after meals. Distension of the rectum by feces triggers defecation reflexes to relax the internal anal sphincter and contract the colon for expulsion, which can be voluntarily controlled by the external anal sphincter.
Seastar
Sea stars have radial symmetry and move using their water vascular system and tube feet. They have two stomachs and feed on mollusks and other small creatures. Sea stars can reproduce both sexually by releasing gametes or asexually by breaking off limbs which grow into new sea stars. Their adaptations like spikes and radial symmetry help them survive as predators in the ocean.
Unit 13 Genitourinary System
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key organs (kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra), their locations, coverings, and structures. It explains urine formation through glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the nephrons. It also discusses blood flow in the kidneys, development of the urinary system, and changes with aging. The goal is to provide a comprehensive review of the main components and functions of the urinary system.
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Villus,power point presentation
- 2. submitted to, Mrs. Sushama prabha submitted by, Ms. Aswathy.p Natural science
- 3. WELCOME
- 5. • The finger like projections seen in the inner wall of the small intestine is called villi. • A small branch of lymph vessel is seen at the centre of the villus called lacteal.
- 7. • The arterioles enter into the villi and further divided into smaller branches. • They join together again to form small veins. • The small group of small blood vessels that connects the veins with arteries are called network of capillaries.
- 8. • The food particles formed as a result of digestions where absorbed in small intestine through villi. • Glucose and amino acids are absorbed into the blood. • Fatty acid and glycerol are absorbed into the lymph.
- 9. THANK YOU