1) Vietnam has begun importing coal since 2011 due to domestic production not keeping up with demand and companies preferring to export rather than supply the local market. 2) Domestic coal demand is projected to increase substantially over the next two decades, reaching over 220 million metric tons by 2030, far exceeding domestic production capacity. 3) This growing import demand represents an opportunity for coal exporters, as Vietnam looks to import over 150 million metric tons of coal annually by 2030 to meet power generation and industrial needs.