This document provides an outline comparing vertebrates and invertebrates. It begins by listing the main vertebrate groups - mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians - and describing some of their key physical characteristics and life processes. It then discusses mammals in more depth, covering their nutrition, respiration, reproduction, and physical traits. Similar deeper dives are provided for birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. The document then shifts to invertebrates, noting they are the largest animal group and can live on land or water. It closes by defining arthropods and molluscs as the major invertebrate sub-groups.

1. UNIT 3-NATURAL SCIENCE OUTLINE
VERTEBRATES vs. INVERTEBRATES
UNIT OUTLINE
VERTEBRATES vs. INVERTEBRATES
(Backbone) (no backbone)
Mammals (horse, whale, cat, bear…) Arthropods(spiders,butterfly, crabs, worms…)
Birds (hen, eagle, pellican…) Molluscs (snail, octopus, clams…)
Fish (salmon, trout, sharks…) .
Reptiles (snake, turtle, crocodile…) .
Amphibians (frog, salamander,...) .

2. VERTEBRATES-MAMMALS
NUTRITION: Babies drink mother’s milk.
RESPIRATION:All mammals breathe through their LUNGS.
REPRODUCTION: Almost all mammals are
VIVIPAROUS. Mammals give birth.

3. VERTEBRATES-MAMMALS
MAMMALS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Most mammals live on LAND, and have 4 legs.
Most mammals have fur or hair to keep them warm.
Some mammals live in WATER, and use flippers to
move - swim.

4. VERTEBRATES- BIRDS
NUTRITION: Birds can be HERVIBORES(plants), CARNIVORES(meat),
OMNIVORES(plants+meat).
Adult birds feed their chicks when they are young
RESPIRATION:All birds breathe through their LUNGS.
REPRODUCTION: all birds areOVIPAROUS. Birds lay eggs, babies reproduce inside
the egg until it hatches. Birds need to “warm” their eggs.

5. VERTEBRATES- BIRDS
Most birds can FLY.
Thanks to their wings, tail and feathers.
Birds have light hollow bones, which help them
fly.
Birds use their beak to eat.

6. VERTEBRATES- REPTILES
NUTRITION: almost all reptiles are CARNIVORES,or OMNIVORES(plants+meat)
Reptiles live mostly on land, but some live also in water.
RESPIRATION:All reptiles breathe through their LUNGS.
REPRODUCTION: all reptiles are OVIPAROUS. Reptiles lay eggs, babies reproduce
inside the egg until it hatches.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: Reptiles have SCALES, which protect them and avoid
water evaporation. Scales also serve as camouflage. Most reptiles have arms and
legs, so they can run and walk...but some others don’s such as the snake which
slithers. Other reptiles swim.

7. VERTEBRATES- AMPHIBIANS
NUTRITION: most amphibians are CARNIVORES,They live both on land, and in
water.
RESPIRATION:Baby amphibians breathe through GILLS, while they live in water,
later on land when they are adults breathe through their LUNGS and MOIST SKIN.
REPRODUCTION: all amphibians are OVIPAROUS. They lay eggs.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: amphibians have
MOIST skin which absorbs oxygen. Most
amphibians transform their appearance since they
are babies. This transformation is called
METAMORPHOSIS.

8. VERTEBRATES - FISH
NUTRITION: Fish are a mixture of CARNIVORES; HERVIBORES and OMNIVORES.
Fish live in fresh water (rivers, lakes…) or salt water (seas, oceans…).
RESPIRATION:Fish breathe thanks to GILLS.
REPRODUCTION: almost all fish are OVIPAROUS. They lay lots of eggs under the
water.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: Fish have SCALES, wh
which act as armour protecting them from injuries.
Fish swim thanks to the fins.

9. INVERTEBRATES
Invertebrates are the LARGEST group of animals on Earth.
Some live in WATER, some live on LAND.
They can WALK, CRAWL, SWIM or FLY.
.
They DO NOT HAVE A BACKBONE.

10. INVERTEBRATES -ARHTROPODS
ARTHROPODS are the largest invertebrate group
INSECTS:Six legs, two antennae, most have wings, exoskeleton.
ARACHNIDS: eight legs, eight eyes,
exoskeleton.
MYRIAPODS: many legs, exoskeleton, two antennae, segmented body.
C
CRUSTACEANS: hard exoskeleton, most have
eight legs, most have two claws, four antennae.

11. INVERTEBRATES-MOLLUSCS
I