Verbs are an essential part of English sentences. They can convey an action, like "run" or "work", or a state of being, like "be" or "seem". Verbs are usually required and they describe what the subject does or is. Verbs are also unique in English because they frequently change form, unlike other words. There are two main types of verbs: helping verbs and main verbs. Helping verbs assist the main verb and can be used to form tenses, negatives, or questions. Main verbs have their own meaning and can be classified as transitive, intransitive, dynamic, stative, regular, or irregular.

1. VERBS

2. The verb is the king in English ! Why? The shortest sentence contains a verb. You can make a one-word sentence with a verb. For example: Stop! You cannot make a one-word sentence with any other type of word.

3. Verbs are sometimes described as “ action words” This is partly true. Why? Many verbs give the idea of action of “doing” something. For example: run , fight , do , and work They convey the idea of action.

4. BUT ! Some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence , of state , of “being”. For example: be , exist , seem ,and belong. They all convey the idea of state.

5. A verb always has a subject. John speaks English. John is the subject. Speaks is the verb. Verbs are words that tell us what a subject does or is . They describe ACTION Martin plays football They describe STATE Anthony seems kind.

6. There is something very special about verbs in English. Most other words ( adjectives, adverbs, prepositions,etc) do not change in form. But almost all verbs change in form . For example, the verb TO WORK has five forms.

7. to work work works worked working

8. VERB CLASSIFICATION. 1.Helping Verbs. 2. Main Verbs.

9. HELPING VERBS I can People must The Earth will They do not have meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of the sentence. They do not tell us very much alone.

10. We usually use Helping Verbs with Main Verbs. They “help” the main verb. In the examples I can People must The Earth will These sentence are incomplete. They need at least a main verb to complete them.

11. We divide Helping Verbs into two basic groups: Primary Helping Verbs Modal Helping Verbs. 1)Primary Helping Verbs. These are the verbs be , do , and have . Note that we can use these three helping verbs as Helping Verbs or as Main Verbs.

12. Here we will talk about be, do and have as Primary Helping Verbs. We use them in the following cases: * Be To make continuous tenses. He is watching TV. To make the passive. Small fish are eaten by big fish.

13. ** HAVE to make perfect tenses. I have finished my homework. ** DO to make negatives. I do not like you. to ask questions. Do you want some coffee? to show emphasis. I do want you to pass your exam. to stand for a main verb in some constructions . He speaks faster than she does .

14. 2)Modal Helping Verbs. We use modal Helping Verbs * to “modify” the meaning of the main verb in some way. *to express necessity or possibility and changes the main verb in that sense.

15. The following are the modal verbs : can, could May, might Will, would Shall, should Must Ought to

16. I can’t speak Chinese. John may arrive late. Would you like a cup of coffee? You should see a doctor. I really must go now.

17. MAIN VERBS Main verbs have meaning on their own. There are thousands of main verbs, and we can classify them in several ways. Transitive and Intransitive. Linking Verbs. Dynamic and Stative. Regular and Irregular.

18. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs. Transitive. It takes a direct object Somebody killed the President. Intransitive. It does not have a direct object. He has arrived. Many verbs, like speak , can be transitive or Intransitive.

19. Speak Transitive: She speaks English. Intransitive: She speaks fast.

20. LINKING VERBS. *A linking verb does not have much meaning in itself. *It “links” the subject to waht is said about the subject. *Usually a linking verb shows equality (Mary is a teacher) or *A change to a different state or place . ( The sky became dark) *Linking verbs are always Intransitive ( but not all intransitive verbs are linking verbs)

21. Linking verbs are always Intransitive but not all intransitive verbs are linking verbs.

22. DYNAMIC AND STATIVE VERBS. DYNAMIC. They describe action. They are called “dynamic”. They can be used with continuous tenses. Examples: Hit Explode Fight Run Go

23. STATIVE. They describe state (non- action, a situation) They are called “stative” and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though) some of them can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning. Examples: Be, like,love,prefer,wish,impress,please,surprise,hear,see,sound,belong to, consist of, contain, include, need,appear,resemble,seem.

24. REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. The main difference between them is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms. For Regular Verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same – ED. For Irregular Verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable.

25. REGULAR VERBS: LOOK – LOOKED – LOOKED WORK- WORKED-WORKED IRREGULAR VERBS: BUY –BOUGHT- BOUGHT CUT-CUT-CUT DO-DID-DONE