This document discusses the uses and grammar of the verb "to be" in English. It explains that "to be" can be used as a regular verb to give information about subjects like age, height, weight, etc. It can also express sensations like hunger. When used as an auxiliary verb, "to be" can form the progressive and passive voice as well as express plans with "be + infinitive". The document provides examples of these uses and also outlines the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of "to be" in the simple present tense in English and their Spanish translations.

1. PAOLA ANDREA ARENAS BETANCUR
MANUELA ELEJALDE OCAMPO

2. USES
 AS REGULAR VERB: Serves to give information on
the subject.
 It expresses the age, height, measure, weight, form
and color.
Examples:
a) I am twenty years old.
b) I am 10 kilos heavier than you.
c) It is 15 metres long.
d) His eyes are blue.

3.  TO EXPRESS SENSATIONS: It is equivalent to the
verb to have in spanish.
Example:
I am hungry.
 TO SPEAK ABOUT THE ATMOSPHERIC TIME: It is
equivalent to the verb to do in spanish.
Example:
It is sunny.

4. AS AUXILIARY VERB:
To the form constant or progressive times.
Examples:
a) I am working.
b) I was workin.
 To form the passive voice.
Example:
English is spoken here.

5. Be + infinitive to give orders of impersonal form or to
commuunicate plans.
Examples:
a) You are to help me before you leave.
b) The Prime Minister is to visit Japan next week.
 Be+ going as way of expressing future. It is translated
like to go to, to be on the verge of, to have the
intention of…
Examples:
a) I am going to do it
b) I was going to do it

6. GRAMMATICAL RULES
AFFIRMATIVE
SUBJECT SIMPLE
PRESENT
FORM
CUTS
SPANISH
I AM I´M YO SOY
YOU ARE YOU´RE TU ERES
HE IS HE´S EL ES
SHE IS SHE´S ELLA ES
IT IS IT´S ES
WE ARE WE´RE NOSOTROS
SOMOS
THEY ARE THEY´RE ELLOS SON

7. NEGATIVE
SUBJECT SIMPLE
PRESENT
FORM CUTS SPANISH
I AM NOT I´M NOT YO NO SOY
YOU ARE NOT YOU
AREN´T
TU NO ERES
HE IS NOT HE ISN´T EL NO ES
SHE IS NOT SHE ISN´T ELLA NO ES
IT IS NOT IT ISN´T NO ES
WE ARE NOT WE AREN´T NOSOTROS
NO SOMOS
THEY ARE NOT THEY
AREN´T
ELLOS NO
SON

8. INTERROGATIIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT SPANISH
AM I? YO SOY?
ARE YOU? TU ERES?
IS HE? EL ES?
IS SHE? ELLA ES?
IS IT? ES?
ARE WE? NOSOSTROS SOMOS?
ARE THEY? ELLOS SON?

9. FORMS
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
(Subject+verb+complement)
I am in London
She is beautiful
NEGATIVE FORM
(Subject+verb+not+complement)
I am not in London
She is not beautiful

10. INTERROGATIVE FORM
(Verb+subject+complement)
Am I in London?
Is she beautiful?