This slides shows how the microorganisms can be spread through the infected vectors like mosquito, ticks, sand fly.

1. VECTOR BORNE DISEASES
CAUSED BY MICROORGANISMS.
PRESENTED BY,
JAYAPRIYA R
(BP211513)

2. INTRODUCTION
• Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected
arthropod species
 mosquitoes,
 ticks,
 triatomine bugs,
sandflies
blackflies.
• More than 700,000 patients die of vector-disease constitute about 17 % of
the infectious diseases in the world.

3. DIAGNOSTIC METHOD FOR VECTOR BORNE DISEASES
SPECIMENS
Body fluids
Blood
Lymph
CSF - Cerebrospinal fluid
Biopsy
SEROLOGICAL TESTS
WBC count, Antibody detection,PCR
protein concentration in blood&CSF,

4. MOSQUITO BORNE
• Mosquito-borne diseases are those spread by the bite of an infected
mosquito. Diseases that are spread to people by mosquitoes include,
 Zika virus,
 West Nile virus,
 Chikungunya virus,
dengue
 malaria.

5. • Zikavirustransmitted by mosquitoes which typically causes asymptomatic or
mild infection ( fever and rash) in humans, identified originally in Africa and
later in other country.
• tropical regions, including South America ,where it may be associated with an
infection through mother to babies during pregnancy period.
• SYMPTOMS - Fever,Rash,Headache,Joint pain,Conjuctivities,Muscle pain.
• PREVENTION - protect yourself from mosquito bites,use mosquito
repellent,mosquito net.
• TREATMENT - There is no specific medicine or vaccine for Zika virus.Treat the
symptoms,acetaminophen to reduce fever and pain,take more water to prevent
dehydration.

6. DENGUE FEVER
• Dengue fever is caused by Dengue virus.All age groups & both sex are
vulnerable.
• Occurs in epidemic form ,Common name of the disease is break-bone fever.
• Mosquito Biting time mostly during day,Ideal Temperature 20-28˚C
• SYMPTOMS - Fever, Rash,Headache, Muscle Pain, Joint pain,Pain behind the
eyes, Decrease in platlet count.
• Hemorragic fever - Bleading from gums,inside joints,under
skin(discoloration).
• TREATMENT - Fluids,Rest, No injections are reqired, Paracetamol for pain
and fever,In severe cases , platelet transfusion / blood transfusion.

7. MALARIA
• Maiaria is a life – threatening protozoan disease,caused by plasmodiumsp.,
• 80 % of population in india lives in low malaria endemic region.
• MOSQUITO - Female anopheles mosquito is the vector Plasmodium vivax,Plasmodium
falciparum.
• The mosquito breeds in polluted water bodies, brackish water , wells , cisterns , fountais
,overhead tanks etc.Mosquito bites during night time.
• SYMPTOMS - Fever ,Chills& rigors,Headache, Body ache.
• Severe Malaria – Jaundice, Seizure,Bleeding problems, Multi organ failure.
• TREATMENT -Chloroquine for 3 days,Plasmodium vivax – primaquine for 14 days ( in
addition to chloroquine), Plasmodium falciparum – Artesunate Based Combination
therapy.

8. TICK BORNE
• Ticks can be infected with bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
• Some of the most common tick-borne diseases in the UnitedStates include:
 Lyme disease,
 babesiosis,
ehrlichiosis,
 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever,
 anaplasmosis,
Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness,
 Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever,
 tularemia.

9. LYME DISEASE
• Lyme Disease is a tick borne illness Bacteria is transmitted under the skin
through a bite of blacklegged ticks.Caused by Borrelia burgdorferei
bacteria in US .
• Ticks need 3 hours of attachment to transmit disease.
• SYMPTOMS- FeverHeadache ,Fatigue, Rash is called Erythema Migrans
Looks like a red bulls eye with a white centeIf untreated spread to joints,
Heart , Nervous System.
• PREVENTION- Daily visual inspection of skin and clothes,Use insect
repellent.
• TREATMENT- d0xycycline,amoxillin or cefuroxime(breastfeeding).

10. ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
• An infectious disease with a characteristic rash ,.
Rocky mountain spotted fever is a potentially fatal disease that’s usually caused
by the
bite of a tick infected with Rickettsia group bacteria.
• SYMPTOMS - High fever, Chills , Severe headache, Muscle aches ,Nausea &
vomiting, Confusion or other neurological change.
• PREVENTION - Wear long pants &sleeves, Use insect repellents, Do your to
tick –proof yard, Cheak yourself & your pets for ticks , Remove a tick tweezers.
• TREATMENT - Doxycycline is the recommended antibiotic treatment for
RMSF adults and children of all ages.

11. TRIATOMINE BUGS
• The cause of Chagas disease or kissing disease(Trypanosomiasis) is the
parasite Trypanosomacruzi which is spread from an insect known as the
triatomine bug -kissing bug/vampire bug.
• These insects can become infected by this parasite when they swallow
bloodfroman animal that is infectedwith the parasite.
• SYMPTOMS - swelling in the infection site,fever ,fatigue, body pain ,Head
ache ,swelling of Eyelid ,enlargement of liver & spleen,Heart problems or
sudden cardiac arrest.
• TREATMENT - anti histamine,corticostroids,CATT,calamine lotion

12. SAND FLIES
• Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmaniadonovani(Humanblood/intracellular
parasite), which are spread by the bite of infected sandflies.
• There are several different forms of leishmaniasis in people - cutaneous
leishmaniasis,muco cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, black
fever.
• Human - definitive host,SANDFLY - Intermediate host.
• SYMPTOMS - Nausea, Vomiting, Hyper tension, Diarrhoea, Nose bleeding,
Fever, Runny/Stuffy nose and Also Skin infection may occur.
• TREATMENT - liposoml amphotericin B, Paromomycin, Miltefosine, IV -
Pentostam.

13. BLACK FLIES
• Blackflies are vector for the disease onchocerciasis(River blindness)
• Onchocerciasis caused by Onchocercavolvulus(parasite),
• The disease spreads by bite of an infectious blackfly, Mostly Spread to
people who are live or work near rapidly flowing streams or Rivers.
• SYMPTOMS- skin rash(itching),eye disease,nodules under the skin, In Rare
condition cause the lesions on eyes(Blindness).
• PREVENTION- using insecticides(N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) on exposed
skin, wearing long sleeve shirts & pants.
• TREATMENT- Oral medicine called ivermectin, No vaccine.