There are two main types of vascular plants with seeds: gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms include five phyla and have naked seeds contained in cones or scales, while angiosperms have seeds contained within fruits and flowers. They include one phylum, Anthophyta, which contains two classes: monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Monocots and dicots differ in terms of seed, leaf, flower, and vascular bundle characteristics.

1. Vascular Plants with SeedsVascular Plants with Seeds

2. Vascular Plants with SeedsVascular Plants with Seeds
Two main typesTwo main types
1. Gymnosperms1. Gymnosperms
2. Angiosperms2. Angiosperms

3. GymnospermsGymnosperms
 ““naked seed “ plantsnaked seed “ plants
 seeds inseeds in
cones or scalescones or scales
 Includes: 5 phylaIncludes: 5 phyla
1. Phylum Coniferophyta1. Phylum Coniferophyta
2. Phylum Cycadophyta2. Phylum Cycadophyta
4. Phylum Ginkgophyta4. Phylum Ginkgophyta
5. Phylum Gnetophyta5. Phylum Gnetophyta

4. Phylum ConiferophytaPhylum Coniferophyta
1. Common name:1. Common name:
ConifersConifers
2. Examples:2. Examples:
pines, firs,pines, firs,
spruces, junipers,spruces, junipers,
larches, yewslarches, yews
3. Needle or scale-like3. Needle or scale-like
leavesleaves
4. Most of the4. Most of the
evergreen trees orevergreen trees or
shrubsshrubs

5. Phylum CycadophytaPhylum Cycadophyta
1.1. Common name: CycadsCommon name: Cycads
2.2. Example :Example : CycasCycas
3.3. Palm-like leaves, lives in tropicsPalm-like leaves, lives in tropics
4.4. Evergreen trees and shrubsEvergreen trees and shrubs

6. Phylum GinkgophytaPhylum Ginkgophyta
1.1. Common name : GinkgoesCommon name : Ginkgoes
2.2. Example:Example: GinkgoGinkgo bilobabiloba
3.3. Only one remaining speciesOnly one remaining species
4.4. Deciduous trees with fan-Deciduous trees with fan-
shaped leavesshaped leaves
5.5. Fleshy seedsFleshy seeds
6.6. Used as a memory-Used as a memory-
enhancing food supplementenhancing food supplement

7. Phylum GnetophytaPhylum Gnetophyta
1.1. Common name: GnetalesCommon name: Gnetales
2.2. Examples :Examples : EphedraEphedra,,
WelwitschiaWelwitschia
3.3. Gymnosperm (“nakedGymnosperm (“naked
seed” shrub or vine withseed” shrub or vine with
some angiospermsome angiosperm
characteristicscharacteristics
Welwitschia mirabilis
Stimulant used in diet supplement

8. AngiospermsAngiosperms
1.1. Plants with seeds inside fruitsPlants with seeds inside fruits
2.2. IncludesIncludes : trees, shrubs, herbs, or vines with: trees, shrubs, herbs, or vines with
flowersflowers
3.3. One phylum : Phylum AnthophytaOne phylum : Phylum Anthophyta
rhododendron sage grape vine

9. Phylum AnthophytaPhylum Anthophyta
Contains two classes:Contains two classes:
1. Class Monocotyledones1. Class Monocotyledones
2. Class Dicotyledones2. Class Dicotyledones
corn bean

10. Phylum AnthophytaPhylum Anthophyta
1. Class Monocotyledones (Monocots)1. Class Monocotyledones (Monocots)
A. Examples : palm trees, grasses,A. Examples : palm trees, grasses,
lilies, irises, orchidslilies, irises, orchids
iris
Tiger lily
orchid

11. Class MonocotyledonesClass Monocotyledones
B. Embryos with one seed leaf (cotyledon)B. Embryos with one seed leaf (cotyledon)

12. Class MonocotyledonesClass Monocotyledones
C. Parallel leaf veinsC. Parallel leaf veins

13. Class MonocotyledonesClass Monocotyledones
D. Flower parts in threes or multiples of threeD. Flower parts in threes or multiples of three

14. Class MonocotyledonesClass Monocotyledones
E. Vascular bundles in stems scattered randomlyE. Vascular bundles in stems scattered randomly

15. Phylum AnthophytaPhylum Anthophyta
2. Class Dicotyledones (Dicots)2. Class Dicotyledones (Dicots)
A. Examples: roses, daisies,A. Examples: roses, daisies,
most deciduousmost deciduous
treestrees

16. Class DicotyledonesClass Dicotyledones
B. Embryos with two seed leavesB. Embryos with two seed leaves
cotyledons
Bean seedling

17. Class DicotyledonesClass Dicotyledones
C. Leaf veins in a net-like patternC. Leaf veins in a net-like pattern
(palmate or pinnate)(palmate or pinnate)
tiontion Pinnate venationPinnate venation

18. Class DicotyledonesClass Dicotyledones
D. Flower parts in groups of fourD. Flower parts in groups of four
or fiveor five

19. Class DicotyledonesClass Dicotyledones
E. Vascular bundles in stems arranged in aE. Vascular bundles in stems arranged in a
ringring
patternpattern