Values in a narrow sense is that which is good, desirable, or worthwhile. Values are the motive behind purposeful action. They are the ends to which we act and come in many forms. Personal values are personal beliefs about right and wrong and may or may not be considered moral.

1. VALUES
FORMATION AND
YOU

2. “Education in values means the cultivation of affectivity,
leading the educand through exposure to an experience
of value and of the valuable”

3. Idealist Point of View
✓ There are unchanging and universal values.
✓ The values of love, care, and concern for all people
regardless of time and space.
✓ These are called transcendent values
Relativist Point of View
✓ Claim that the there are no universal and unchanging
values. They assert that vales are dependent on time and
place.

4. Values are TAUGHT!
Values are CAUGHT….

5. 3 DIMENSIONS OF VALUES
1. Cognitive Dimension – Mental
understanding and readiness
2. Affective Dimension –
Experience toward something
3. Behavioral Dimension – Living by
the value
Value Formation is a training
of the intellect and will
Your intellect discerns a value and presents
it to the will as a right or wrong value.
Your will wills to act on the right value and
wills to avoid the wrong value presented by
your intellect.

6. As described by St. Thomas Aquinas,
“The intellect proposes and the will proposes”.
Intellect – it distinguishes a value and presents it to the will as a right or wrong value
Will – wills to act on the right value & wills to avoid wrong value presented by
intellect.
It is, therefore, necessary that you develop your intellect in it’s 3 functions namely:
✓ Formation of Ideas
✓ Judgement
✓ Reasoning

7. Virtuous Versus vicious life and their affect on the
will
Virtuous life – strengthens you to live by the right
values and live a life of abundance and joy
Vicious life – leads you to perdition and misery

8. Max Scheler’s Hierarchy of Values
Max Scheler’s outlined a hierarchy of values. Our hierarchy of values is shown in our preferences and decisions.
Scheler’s hierarchy of values arranged from the lowest to the highest as shown below:
Values of the Holy
Spiritual Values
Vital Values
Pleasure Values

9. Pleasure Values
– the pleasant against the unpleasant
- the agreeable against the disagreeable
sensual feelings
experiences of pleasure or pain
Vital Values
- values pertaining to the well-being either of the
individual or of the Community
health
vitality
- values of vital feeling
capability
excellence

10. Spiritual Values
- values independent of the whole sphere of the body and of the environment;
- grasped in spiritual acts of preferring, loving and hating
aesthetic values: beauty against ugliness
values of right and wrong
values of pure knowledge

11. Values of the Holy
- appear only in regard to objects intentionally given as “absolute
objects”
belief
adoration
bliss
Max Scheler’s hierarchy of values teaches us that the lowest values
are those that have something to do with pleasure while the highest
are those that pertain to the God (for those who believe in God). You
live life well if you do not distort the hierarchy of values.