This document discusses different perspectives on values formation and values. It presents the idealist view that there are unchanging, universal values that exist beyond time and culture. However, it also presents the relativist view that values are dependent on time and place. It emphasizes that values are formed through both cognitive understanding and behavioral demonstration. Living examples from others, like heroes and great teachers, have more influence on values formation than lectures alone. The document also discusses training the intellect and will through developing good habits and self-control.

1. VALUES FORMATION AND YOU
“Education in values means the
cultivation of effectivity, leading
the educand through exposure to
an experience of value and of the
valuable.”— R. Aquino

2. TO BE MORAL IS TO BE HUMAN. LIVING BY THE
RIGHT VALUES HUMANIZES.

3. IS THERE SUCH THING AS RIGHT,
UNCHANGING AND UNIVERSAL VALUE?

4. IDEALIST POINT OF VIEW

5. THERE ARE UNCHANGING AND UNIVERSAL
VALUES

6. TRANSCENDENT VALUES—
BEYOND CHANGING TIMES, BEYOND SPACE AND
PEOPLE

7. THEY REMAIN VALUE EVEN IF NO ONE VALUES
THEM.

8. RELATIVIST POINT OF VIEW

9. THERE ARE NO UNIVERSAL AND UNCHANGING
VALUES.

10. VALUES ARE DEPENDENT ON TIME AND PLACE.

11. VALUES ARE TAUGHT AND
CAUGHT

12. THE LIVING EXAMPLES OF GOOD
MEN AND WOMEN AT HOME, SCHOOL AND
SOCIETY HAVE FAR GREATER INFLUENCE ON
OUR VALUE FORMATION THAN THOSE WELL-
PREPARED LECTURES ON VALUES EXCELLENTLY
DELIVERED BY EXPERTS WHO MAY SOUND LIKE
“EMPTY GONGS AND CLANGING CYMBALS”

13. VALUES HAVE COGNITIVE,
AFFECTIVE, AND BEHAVIOURAL
DIMENSION

14. WE MUST UNDERSTANDTHE VALUE
THAT WE WANT TO ACQUIRE.

15. WE NEED TO KNOWWHY WE HAVE TO VALUE
SUCH.

16. WE NEED TO KNOWHOW TO LIVE BY THAT
VALUE.

17. VALUES ARE IN THE AFFECTIVE DOMAIN
OF OBJECTIVES

18. “IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO KNOW WHAT HONESTY
IS OR WHY ONE SHOULD BE HONEST. ONE HAS
TO FEELSOMETHING TOWARDS HONESTY, AS
PREFERABLE TO DISHONESTY.”
-AQUINO (1990)

19. VALUES HAVE A BEHAVIOURAL
DIMENSION.

20. LIVING BY THE VALUES IS THE
TRUE ACID TEST IF WE REALLY VALUE A VALUE.

21. VALUE FORMATION INCLUDES FORMATION IN
THE COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE AND
BEHAVIOURAL ASPECT

22. VALUES ARE CAUGHT. HELP YOURSELF
BY READINGTHE BIOGRAPHIES OF
HEROES, GREAT TEACHERS AND SAINTS, AND
OTHER INSPIRATIONAL BOOKS.

23. EXAMPLE: DESIDERATA “AVOID LOUD AND
AGGRESSIVE PERSONS; THEY ARE VEXATIONS TO
THE SPIRIT.”

28. VALUE FORMATION IS A TRAININGOF THE
INTELLECT AND WILL

29. INTELLECT— DISCERNS A VALUE AND
PRESENT IT TO THE WILL AS A RIGHT OR
WRONG VALUE.

30. WILLS TO ACT ON THE RIGHT VALUE AND WILLS
TO AVOID THE WRONG VALUE PRESENTED BY
THE INTELLECT—WILL

31. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS:
“THE INTELLECTPROPOSES
AND THE WILLDISPOSES.”

32. “NOTHING IS WILLED UNLESS IT IS FIRST
KNOWN.”

33. DEVELOP YOUR INTELLECT IN ITS THREE
FUNCTIONS: FORMATION OF IDEAS,
JUDGMENTAND REASONING.

34. HOW CAN YOUR WILL BE TRAINED TO DESIRE
STRONGLY THE DESIRABLE AND ACTON IT?

35. WILLIAM KELLY:
“TRAINING OF THE WILL MUST BE ESSENTIALLY
SELF-TRAINING.”

36. “THE HABIT OF YIELDING TO
IMPULSERESULTS IN THE
ENFEEBLEMENT OF SELF-CONTROL.”

37. “HABITUAL YIELDING TO ANY VICE, WHILE IT
DOES NOT LESSEN MAN’S RESPONSIBILITY,
DOES DIMINISH HIS ABILITYTO RESIST
TEMPTATION.”

38. “LIKEWISE, THE MORE FREQUENTLY MAN
RESTRAINS IMPULSE… PERSISTS AGAINST
TEMPTATION… THE MORE DOES HE INCREASE
HIS SELF-CONTROL., AND THEREFORE,
HIS FREEDOM.”

39. “TO HAVE A STRONG WILL MEANS TO
HAVE CONTROLOF THE WILL, TO BE ABLE
TO DIRECT IT DESPITE ALL CONTRARY
IMPULSES.”

40. VIRTUOUS VERSUS VICIOUS LIFE
AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE WILL

41. MAX SCHELER’S HIERARCHY
OF VALUES

42. PLEASURE
VALUES
– PLEASANT VS. UNPLEASANT
– AGREEABLE VS. DISAGREEABLE
• SENSUAL
FEELINGS
• EXPERIENCES
OF PLEASURE
AND PAIN

43. VITAL
VALUES – VALUES PERTAINING TO THE WELL
BEING EITHER OF THE INDIVIDUAL
OR OF THE COMMUNITY
– VALUES OF VITAL FEELING
• HEALTH
• VITALITY
• CAPABILITY
• EXCELLENCE

44. SPIRITUAL
VALUES – VALUES INDEPENDENT OF THE
WHOLE SPHERE OF THE BODY AND
OF THE ENVIRONMENT;
– GRASPED IN THE SPIRITUAL ACT OF
PREFERRING, LOVING AND HATING
• AESTHETIC
VALUES
• RIGHT/WRONG
• VALUES OF
PURE
KNOWLEDGE

45. VALUES OF
THE HOLY
– APPEAR ONLY IN REGARD TO
OBJECTS INTENTIONALLY GIVEN AS
“ABSOLUTE OBJECTS”
• BELIEF
• ADORATION
• BLISS

46. VALUES CLARIFICATION

47. THE TERM VALUE IS RESERVEDFOR THOSE
INDIVIDUAL BELIEFS, ATTITUDES, AND
ACTIVITIES THAT SATISFYTHE FOLLOWING
CRITERIA:

48. 1. FREELY CHOSEN

49. 2. CHOSEN FROM AMONG
ALTERNATIVES

50. 3. CHOSEN FROM DUE
REFLECTION

51. 4. PRIZED AND CHERISHED

52. 5. PUBLICLY AFFIRMED

53. 6. INCORPORATED INTO
ACTUAL BEHAVIOR

54. 7. ACTED UPON REPEATEDLY
IN ONE’S LIFE