Value engineering is a technique that seeks the best balance between cost, reliability, and performance. It follows an 8-step job plan: orientation, information gathering, functional analysis, creative phase, evaluation, development, presentation, and implementation. The purpose is to reduce costs while maintaining or improving quality, reliability, customer satisfaction, and organizational performance. Early changes in a design are less expensive than later ones. Value engineering principles include using a systematic method and multi-functional teams to evaluate simplified product performance and value.